RU2476053C2 - Unit for sowing seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: unit for sowing seeds comprises a box for seeds, ploughshares in the form of flat hoes and press wheels. In front of the flat hoes-ploughshare along the path of the unit the disc batteries are mounted with the ability to change the angle of attack. On the backside of the flat hoes the along their contour the toothed soil rippers are rigidly fixed.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to increase the yield of cultivated crops and reduce the energy consumption for the technological process.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the agricultural process for the production of food crops, in particular to the cultivation of grain.

Known units for sowing crops, in which the working bodies in the form of disk coulters [1]. In this case, pre-sowing preparation of the soil is necessary before sowing - cultivation. In this case, soil loosening is accompanied by the removal of moist soil layers to the surface, which leads to an increase in moisture evaporation and its deficit during the growing season of plant development. Also known are tillage sowing units with openers in the form of flat-cutting paws [2].

The units are energy intensive and do not exclude the removal of wet layers to the surface of the soil.

By the totality of common essential features, the technical solution [2] is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known devices:

1. The design of the working bodies of tillage sowing units does not exclude the removal of wet layers to the soil surface.

2. High energy consumption of units for sowing seeds with openers in the form of flat-cutting legs.

The objective of the invention: increasing the yield of grain crops and reducing energy costs for the implementation of the process.

The objective of the invention is solved in that in one pass of the aggregate the formation of a mulching layer of particles of crushed plant residues and stems, cultivated crops mixed with soil is ensured. Loosening the soil below the mulching layer, sowing seeds to a predetermined depth and rolling the soil surface. For sowing, an aggregate made in the form of flat-cutting paws is used, ahead of which disk batteries with the possibility of changing the angle of attack are installed in the direction of travel, and dental rippers are fixed on the back of the flat-cutting paws along their contour.

The technical result - the yield of grain crops increases, and energy costs for the process are reduced.

The technical result is achieved due to the proposed agrotechnical methods of cultivation of grain crops, performed simultaneously in one pass of the unit. At the same time, disk batteries chop the remains of plants and stems of agricultural crops and plant them in the soil as organic fertilizers. Soil rippers provide soilless loosening of the soil below the mulching horizon. Openers with vas deferens in the form of flat-cutting paws sow seeds to a depth within the thickness of the mulching layer, and packer rollers level the field surface, reducing the soil fluffiness.

Shredded stems embedded in the soil, decaying improve the structure and fertility of the soil, and their particles on the surface refract and reflect the sun's rays, protecting the soil from drying out. The loosened soil layer below the mulching horizon provides the necessary water-air regime of plant nutrition during the period of their development, contributing to the production of stable grain crops, including in areas of insufficient moisture. The use of a combined unit allows to reduce the number of single-operation units, while reducing energy costs for agricultural crops cultivation. In addition, the use of disk batteries and dental soil rippers, which have lower soil resistance than other tillage tools, makes it possible to reduce the traction resistance of the unit, and in general the energy consumption of the sowing process.

The noted positive aspects of the claimed object allow using it in agricultural production to obtain a high economic effect.

In the drawings, Fig.1 and Fig.2 schematically shows the unit for sowing seeds of grain crops.

The unit contains a disk battery 1 with spherical disks 2, coulters in the form of flat-cutting paws 3 with vas deferens 4, dental rippers 5 located along the contour of the paws, rolling rollers 6 and a seed box 7.

The device operates as follows:

When the unit moves, the spherical disks 2 of the disk battery 1 crush the remains of plants and the stems of cultivated crops and close them into the soil, forming a mulching layer with a thickness within the depth of seed placement. The following flat-cutting legs 3 with soil rippers loosen the soil below the mulching horizon, at the same time sowing the seeds on the prepared soil, and then its surface rolls in rollers 6. All technological operations are performed simultaneously in one pass of the unit.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2293460 IPC A01C 7/00, A01C 7/20. Seeder / Samodurov V.N., Tkachenko V.G., Prugov V.A., Serebrov P.V. / dated May 19, 2004, publ. 02/20/2007

2. Patent RU No. 2248686, IPC A01B 49/06. Tillage sowing unit (options) / Konev A.A., Yurchenko V.A., Kostochkin O.M., Zagursky V.K., Pochuev V.E., Yakimenko A.A., Pylnik P.A. /, publ. . 03/27/2005

Claims (1)

A unit for sowing seeds, including a box for seeds, openers in the form of flat-cutting paws and rolling rollers, characterized in that disk batteries with the ability to change the angle of attack are installed in front of the flat-cutting paws-openers along the path of the unit, and from the back of the flat-cutting paws along their contour dental rippers are rigidly fixed.

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