RU2461168C1 - Combined tillage-sowing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device contains a disk battery, a seed box, openers and packer wheels. Following the disc battery from the side opposite the direction of movement of the device, loosening working bodies are installed, made in the form of chisel-shaped hoe. To the stand of each hoe at equal distance other two legs are rigidly fixed, forming a wedge shape. On each hoe an opener is installed with a distance between openers within the width between rows of crops. The working bodies are fixed with the ability to change the position in the vertical plane.

EFFECT: constructive implementation will improve soil fertility, will retain moisture in soil at tilling for planting and during plant growth.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural production processes, in particular to surface tillage and deep cultivation.

Known tillage sowing units [1], consisting of several series-connected devices designed to perform certain operations of pre-sowing tillage and sowing seeds. Combined tools are bulky, energy-intensive and during operation do not exclude the removal of moist layers to the soil surface, which leads to moisture loss. Their design does not provide for the incorporation of plant residues into the soil to the depth of sowing seeds.

Combined tillage sowing units are also known [2]. By the totality of common essential features, the technical solution [2] is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known devices:

1. Large moisture loss during soil cultivation and sowing seeds.

2. High energy intensity of combined devices.

The objective of the invention is to increase crop yields, reducing the energy intensity of combined units.

The objective of the invention is solved due to the design of the unit, which is a disk battery, after which from the side opposite to the direction of movement of the unit, there are loosening working bodies made in the form of a chisel-like paws, to the rack of which two other paws are rigidly fixed, forming the shape of a wedge , on each of them mounted coulters with a distance between them within the width of the row-spacing of crops, and the working bodies are fixed with the possibility of changing position in the vertical plane.

EFFECT: crop productivity is increased, and the energy intensity of the unit is reduced.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the unit in the process simultaneously performs: surface tillage, deep cultivation, sowing seeds and rolling soil. At the same time, the disc working organs grind the remains of plants, and when the ears are worn out on the root, their stems are planted in the soil as organic fertilizers. Chisel-like paws provide soilless cultivation of soil in the arable horizon without carrying out wet layers to the surface, creating a water-air nutrition regime favorable for plants. Openers mounted on chisel-like paws provide sowing of seeds and seeding them to a predetermined depth. Packing rollers level the surface of the soil, reducing the chance of moisture evaporation.

In addition, it was found that particles of crushed stems that are on the surface reflect the sun's rays, protecting the soil from drying out. At the same time, the structure of the soil is improved in the area where seeds are located due to humus of plant and stalk residues, moisture conservation, including by reflecting sunlight and improving the water-air diet of plants, and, on the whole, to obtain stable crops due to the noted agricultural practices food crops, including in areas of insufficient moisture. The chisel-like paws and openers attached to them, in the proposed design, are less prone to sticking and clogging with plant debris during operation and do not carry wet layers to the soil surface. In addition, chisel-like paws, when loosening the soil without turning the formation, have less resistance than other tillage implements, which positively affects the traction resistance of the unit, providing a reduction in energy intensity.

The noted positive aspects of the declared object will allow to obtain an economic effect and wide practical application.

In Fig.1, Fig.2 schematically shows a combined tillage and sowing unit.

The combined tillage and sowing unit includes a disk battery 1 with spherical disks 2, chisel paws 3 mounted in the working body in the form of a wedge, openers 4, seed box 5 and packer rollers 6.

Combined tillage and sowing unit works as follows.

When the unit moves, spherical disks 2 crush the remains of plants, and when the spike is brushed to the root, their stems are planted in the soil as organic fertilizers. Chisel-like legs 3 following the disk batteries 1 loosen the soil in the arable horizon. At the same time, the openers 4 provide sowing of the seeds and close them into the soil to a predetermined depth. The packer rollers 5 level the irregularities of the field surface, while reducing the fluffiness of the soil and the process of evaporation of moisture. It was found that particles of crushed stems are able to reflect the sun's rays, while protecting plant shoots from a lack of moisture. Preserved plant residues by decaying improve the soil structure in the seed location zone, and deep loosening of the soil provides the necessary water-air regime of plant nutrition during their development.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2127502, IPC АВВ 49/06, Tillage and sowing unit / Esterlein E.A., Kolinko V.P., Zhilyaev V.P. / publ. 03/20/1999

2. Patent RU No. 2248686, IPC AB 49/06, Combined tillage, fertilizer and sowing unit, publ. 03/10/2007, bull. Number 7.

Claims (1)

Combined tillage and sowing unit containing a disk battery, seed box, coulters and packer rollers, characterized in that after the disk battery from the side opposite to the direction of movement of the unit, there are loosening working bodies made in the form of a chisel-like paw, to the stand of which at equal distance two other legs are rigidly fixed, forming a wedge shape, an opener is installed on each leg with a distance between openers within the width of the row spacing of crops, and the working bodies are fixed with possibility of changing the position in the vertical plane.

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