RU2516452C1 - Method of winter planting potatoes of devyatkin vd - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in the method in autumn the soil is covered with insulating layer of dried mowed grass. Then deep planting holes with sealed walls are made, the holes are filled with fertile soil or fertilisers. The notched potatoes are planted in the holes, which surface is covered with fertilisers and repellent rodent agents. The potatoes are covered with dry layer of fertile soil, and the openings over the hole - with dry grass. Rain-protective cover is placed over the hole, which is removed after the sustained period of frost. Spring watering with warm water and biological growth stimulator and removal of individual weeds is carried out. Potato sprouts are protected against frost with a film, spread out in the aisle and filled with water. In the aisle the aromatic herbs are planted, in summer the flowers are removed, and in autumn after drying stems of potato the tubers are harvested from the soil surface.

EFFECT: method enables to increase soil fertility, to eliminate soil layer treatment, and to create favourable conditions for the development of potato in summer and winter periods.

3 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to gardening, mainly for personal subsidiary plots by planting potatoes in the winter and growing it by the biological method.

Known methods of gardening involve one-two-time digging of soils, various types of tillage during the growing season (hilling, cultivating, etc.), weed control (weeding, spraying with herbicides, etc.), watering, fertilizing, pest control (Colorado potato beetle, late blight, etc.), harvesting tops and their disinfection, digging root crops and sorting them by size. With these methods, plants can be greatly oppressed by adverse weather conditions (dry land, heat, waterlogging, early and late frosts, cold soil, etc.), low soil fertility. For example, "A method of growing potatoes" (RU a.s. No. 1517784, A01B 79/02), which involves the movement of significant amounts of soil.

The well-known "Method of cultivation of potatoes" (RU AS.№1757495, A01B 79/02), the volume of transported soil mass is less, but it does not reduce the adverse effects of weather conditions.

Closest to the claimed is the "Method of planting potatoes" (RU AS.№858601, АСС 5/00, prototype), including cutting grooves, the formation of foam.

The disadvantage of this method is that it involves the processing of a layer of soil (cutting furrows) and is not intended for planting potatoes in the winter.

Separate operations of methods and devices comprising the claimed technology are known, but a holistic technology suitable for planting and growing potatoes during the year has not been identified.

The objective of the invention is to create environmentally friendly conditions for year-round growth of potatoes, including under snow (in natural conditions) while reducing the cost of tillage, increasing soil fertility, reducing labor costs for growing potatoes and storing seed tubers.

The technical result of the proposed method is to eliminate the processing of the soil layer and to create favorable conditions for the development of potatoes, both in summer and in winter.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the claimed method combines the combined action (synergism) of individual previously unrelated methods of cultivation of potatoes.

The method consists in autumn sheltering the soil with a heat-insulating layer of dried mowed (not shredded) grass; the manufacture of deep landing holes with compacted walls; filling holes with fertile soil or fertilizers; planting in the potato holes with cuts (allowing all the potato eyes to grow), the surface of the potato is covered with fertilizers (ash) and rodent repellents (caustic red pepper powder); covering potatoes with a layer of dry fertile soil, and holes above the hole with dry grass; temporary installation of a rain shield (film) above the hole; removing the rain shield after a steady frost period; spring irrigation with warm water with a biological growth stimulator (for example, "biostim") with weeding of individual vegetative weeds (thistle, wheat grass); planting aromatic herbs in the aisle, affecting the taste of potatoes (mint, coriander, caraway seeds, corn, lavender, nasturtium, parsley, thyme, etc.); in the summer in the removal of flowers and buds; in the fall after drying the potato stems, harvesting tubers from the soil surface.

This method of potato cultivation will increase productivity due to the long growing period, eliminate the cost of storing seed potatoes, and obtain environmentally friendly potatoes with different taste qualities.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the device of the landing hole. Figure 2 shows the location of the tuber of planted potatoes, before the onset of a stable frosty period. Figure 3 is a diagram of the growth of potatoes in the winter.

An example of the method.

In late autumn, dried grass stems (weeds) are mowed on a plot of fallow land with a scythe or a mowing machine (without chopping the stems) and evenly laid on the soil. Additionally, off-site, grass is poured, transferred to the site and evenly distributed until a dense hay layer 1 is created with a thickness of about 30 cm. Depending on the forecast of winter cold, the thickness of the hay layer 1 may be more or less. When planting potatoes 2 with a sharp rod (crowbar), a layer of hay is pierced and, swinging in all directions, form holes 3 with a depth of more than 30 cm with a conical hole, the walls of which 4 are sealed. The hole diameter of the hole 3 in the soil is approximately equal to the diameter of the planted potato 2. The optimal distance between the holes 3 is about 100 cm with a row spacing of about 40 cm. The holes 3 are staggered. In wells 3, fertile soil 5 is poured to a level 3 ... 5 cm below the edge of the hole. Potatoes 2 are laid in wells 3, on which cuts 6 are made, stimulating the growth of all the eyes of the tuber. Wells 3 should not be closer than 50 cm from the edge of hay 1 (this prevents the tubers from freezing). To protect against rodents, potatoes 2 are sprinkled with caustic red pepper powder. Ash is poured under potato 2, the amount of which is approximately equal to 1 ... 3 volumes of tuber, and on top of potato 2 it is sprinkled with a layer of dry fertile soil 5 about 3 cm thick.

In the autumn period, to protect the potato layer of hay 1 from the rain, in order to preserve its heat-insulating properties, the hay is covered with a moisture-proof material 7 (plastic wrap). Upon the occurrence of a rainless stable period (frosty), the film 7 is removed, providing free access of air to the soil.

During the winter, due to the heat-insulating properties of the hay layer 1 and the layer of fallen snow 8, on the surface of the soil, in the region where the potato 2 is located, the plus temperature is maintained. Due to the densified (more thermally conductive) walls 4 of the conical hole of the hole 3, a greater amount of heat comes from the depths of the soil to the location of the potato 2, which melts the lower layer of snow 8, forming an ice dome 9, which additionally insulates the potato 2 from frost. In winter, part of the weed seeds, being in favorable humid conditions, sprouts and dies. In winter, in potato 2, the root system 10 grows mainly in warm soil, and the growth of stems 11 is negligible.

In the spring after snow melting, the hole location area is poured with hot water with growth stimulants, as a result, small weed seeds germinate and die in the absence of light, and potato 2, which has a large mass, grows through the hay layer 1. Under the hay layer 1 in the absence of sunlight Under the influence of bacteria, the decomposition of the root system of weeds is accelerated. In the cavities remaining from decomposed roots and earthworms, potato 2 more intensively develops a powerful root system 10 with less energy. A small amount of vegetative (rhizome) weeds (wheatgrass, etc.) germinated through a layer of hay 1 is removed by weeding. Potato tops are protected from frost by entering heat from rotting hay and from the soil, as well as by coating dark-spaced rows with a film 7, the edges of which are raised and water accumulating daytime heat is poured into the formed trough. In addition, the film 7 transfers heat from the row spacing to the zone of location of the potato tops. After the frosts are over, aromatic herbs are planted in the row-spacings, which make it possible to give different tastes to the same potato variety 2; for this, the hay layer 1 is pushed to the soil and planted in the usual way.

In summer, to increase productivity, flowers are cut off from potatoes and fertilized by worms. Due to the large amount of hay sticks formed during the decay of hay, late blight of potato 2 was not observed. In heavy rains, potato 2 does not rot because it is on the surface of the soil, during drought the soil does not overheat, and under the hay layer at night moisture condenses in an amount sufficient for the growth of potato 2. Layer of hay 1 protects the soil microorganisms from solar radiation and creates optimal conditions for their development (heat, moisture, food, air, etc.) and, accordingly, for the development of potatoes. A powerful root system, formed over a long period of development and formed on its basis, a powerful tops, lack of late blight - all this is a guarantee of a high yield of potato tubers.

In late autumn, when the tops are dried, they mow, after 2 ... 3 days, spread the hay layer 1, collect the potato tubers 2 lying on the soil surface, then level the hay that have not decayed, flatten the area, lay a layer of freshly cut grass on top to create a thirty-centimeter dense layer of hay 1 , this allows you to continuously maintain active activity of bacteria and worms throughout the year (summer and winter), and therefore, increase soil fertility.

The proposed method of potato cultivation will increase productivity due to the long growing period and by creating optimal heat and moisture conditions in the soil during the growing period, eliminate the cost of storing seed potatoes, and obtain environmentally friendly potatoes with different taste qualities.

Currently, the method is under test.

Claims (1)

1. The method of winter planting of potatoes, which consists in the fact that in autumn they cover the soil with a heat-insulating layer of dried mowed grass, then they make deep landing holes with compacted walls, fill the holes with fertile soil or fertilizers, cut the potatoes, the surface of which is covered with fertilizers and means, into the holes repellent rodents, cover the potatoes with a layer of dry fertile soil, and openings above the hole with dry grass, above the hole set a rain shield, which is removed after emergence of the whole frosty period, spring watering is carried out with warm water with a biological growth stimulator and weeding of individual weeds, the potato seedlings are protected from frost by a film spread in the aisle and filled with water, aromatic herbs are planted in the aisle, flowers are removed in the summer, and in the autumn, after harvesting, the potato stems are harvested from the surface of the soil of tubers.

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