RU2467590C1 - Feed additive for farm animals and birds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the farm industry field. The feed additive contains, wt %: hydrokeratin - 17, grain mixture - 49, argillite -20, great nettle - 10, chalk - 3, dandelion roots - 1.

EFFECT: invention allows to produce a feed additive with extended storage life, enhance animal and birds productivity, reduce prime cost of the product manufactured.

4 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to improve the quality of feeding farm animals and birds.

Known mycelium-argallite-vitamin feed additive (MAWKD) for cows, designed to balance diets, containing standard premix P-60-1, defluorinated phosphate, common salt, native mudstone, penicillin mycelium, tetradecylammonium, vitamin-grass meal (V. Kalinin , E. Kalinikhin // Dairy and beef cattle breeding. - 2004. - No. 6. - P.22-23).

The feed additive has limitations: one of its components (penicillin mycelium) is not currently produced in Russia, while others (tetradecylammonium, vitamin-grass meal) are difficult to access. The feed additive is for cows only.

Closest to the declared solution for the composition of the components included in the feed additive and the effect on the animal’s body is hydrokeratin-zeolite-methylmethionine-thiamine feed additive (HCMTCD) based on keratin, zeolite, grain mix, premix P-60-1, premix with vitamins U and B ₁ , a synthetic stimulant of taste (V.V. Kalinikhin, L.V. Efimova // Livestock of Russia, November 2009. - P.53-54).

The disadvantage of this feed additive is its high cost due to imported components introduced into its composition (synthetic taste stimulant, vitamins U and B ₁ ). The mineral component zeolite additionally enriches the animals ’diet only in calcium, but does not balance it in important trace elements: divalent iron, cobalt, copper, manganese. The shelf life of the feed additive is insufficient, as its individual components (synthetic taste stimulant, vitamins U and B ₁ ) quickly deteriorate. In addition, the feed additive requires special expensive storage conditions.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a feed additive for farm animals and birds with a long shelf life containing components that improve the quality of feeding, increasing productivity and reducing the cost of production.

The task is achieved by the fact that argillite, dioica nettle, fodder chalk, dandelion root are additionally introduced into a balancing additive including hydrokeratin and grain mixture in the following ratio of components (wt.%): Hydrokeratin - 17, mudstone - 20, grain mixture - 49, nettle dioecious - 10, fodder chalk - 3, dandelion root - 1.

Mudstones are a stone-like clayey rock. Argillites were discovered on the territory of the Republic of Khakassia in 1978. The main industrial deposit with balance reserves of more than 220 million tons is Chernogorskoye, located in the Ust-Abakan region. Montenegrin mudstones, ground to a powder state, have the following physicochemical characteristics: the moisture absorption capacity due to electrical adsorption is very high (1 part of mudstones absorbs 10-20 parts of moisture); consistency - loose, greasy to the touch; specific gravity - 0.93-1.96 g / cm ³ ; ability to form - highly plastic (able to take any soldered form); miscibility - high; smell, taste - are absent; humidity - 3-5%; the content of chemicals (%): total nitrogen - 2, calcium - 3, magnesium - 4, phosphorus - 0.3, sodium - 2, potassium - 4, aluminum - 16, silicon oxide - 30, ferrous iron (siderite, iron sulfate , iron dextrans, iron glycerophosphate) - 22 (very high), sulfur 6 (high), cobalt - 0.7 (high), organic impurities - 10.

In feeding, it can be used to balance rations for missing minerals, improve digestion, metabolism by absorbing harmful toxins and excess gases. Shelf life is unlimited.

Feed chalk - mineral top dressing for animals and birds. According to the current temporary technical conditions (WTU) of 1970, fodder chalk sold through a distribution network for livestock needs is characterized by the following indicators: humidity - 10%, calcium carbonate content - 85%, toxic impurities - 0.08-0.20% (in traces), magnesium carbonate - 5%. Chalk feed is introduced into the feed additive as calcium top dressing instead of zeolite. Unlike zeolite, chalk feed is more accessible.

Stinging nettle, a very valuable biologically active feed product, contains 2-3 times more compared to other feed herbs, crude protein (13%), vitamin C (0.6 mg%), vitamin K (1.1 mg%), carotene ( up to 50 mg%), ferrous iron (6.3%). It has a wide range of biologically active substances: urticin glycoside, sitosterol, formic silicic gallic acid, chlorophyll, choline, acetylcholine, starch, gums, microelements (manganese, copper, cobalt, zinc, iron), volatile production. Crude protein is represented by an optimally high concentration of amino acids, including essential ones (g per 1 kg of feed): lysine - 6.7, methionine - 1.4, cystine - 3.8, tryptophan - 0.9, arginine - 7.3, histidine - 2.6, leucine 8.8, isoleucine 4.0, phenylalanine 5.7, threonine 4.9, valine 6.4, glycine 4.8, alanine 4.8, serine 20, 8.

The listed nutrients of dioica nettle improve metabolism and have a positive effect on the digestibility of diet nutrients. Shelf life is up to five years. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it grows like a weed everywhere from early spring to late autumn in the form of thickets in forest glades, clearings, mountains, unused agricultural lands, near water bodies.

Dandelion root contains triterpene compounds (taraxerol, taraxisterol, anrosterol), taraxacin glycoside, sterols, choline, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, resins, wax, inulin (up to 24%), sugars, fatty and essential oils, protein and tannins, a complex of organic acids, vitamins C, B, P, A, choline, asparagine, macro-micromineral salts. The main active ingredients of dandelion root are bitterness, which stimulate appetite and improve digestion. The reflex action of bitterness is carried out by irritating the taste buds of the tongue and oral cavity, which leads to the excitation of the food center, and then to increased secretion of the gastrointestinal juice and digestive glands involved in the digestibility of nutrients in the diet. Dandelion grows thickets everywhere. This is the most common plant on the globe. Harvesting does not cause problems. It is stored 5 years.

Comparison of the claimed invention with the prototype allowed us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

A comparison of the invention with other technical solutions in this area did not reveal distinctive signs, namely, improving the quality of the feed additive due to the inclusion of components (mudstone, chalk, nettle, dandelion root) that contribute to improving the quality of feeding, metabolism, and digestibility nutrients of the diet, increase the shelf life of the feed additive, reduce its cost and increase the productivity of animals and birds.

EXAMPLE 1. Formed two groups of analog cows (control and experimental), contained in the main diet (RR), balanced by basic nutrients in accordance with detailed standards. In the animals of the control group, 10% of the grain mixture was replaced with the well-known hydrokeratin-zeolite-methylmethionine-thiamine feed additive (HMTCD), and in the experimental group of 10% of the grain mixture, the protein-mineral-vegetable feed additive (BMRKD) with the formulation indicated in Table 1 was replaced. due to the newly introduced components and changes in the percentage of the remaining components in comparison with HMTCD, it was significantly enriched with digestible protein - by 30.5%, calcium - by 7.8%, phosphorus - by 53.5%, sulfur - by 1.4 times, ferrous iron - 2.4 times, cobalt - 3.7 ra per, copper - 1.5 times, carotene - 2.5 times, vitamin C - 3 times, vitamin K - 2.3 times, longer stored (for 9 months), has a lower cost of 1 ton of product (per 3.9 thousand rubles). The improved nutritional composition of BMRKD positively affected the main zootechnical and economic indicators of dairy cows, are shown in table 2.

The experimental data showed that, in comparison with control animals, the cows of the experimental group due to the addition of BMRKD had a better diet in terms of protein, vitamin, and mineral composition. This has improved metabolic processes in animals. In the blood of experimental cows, the content of unwanted nitrates was reduced (by 34.2%) with a simultaneous increase in hemoglobin (by 11.9%), erythrocytes (by 29.1%), protein (by 14.1%), carotene (by 54 , 5%), alkaline reserve (by 15.6%). Experienced cows digested the organic matter of the diet 8.3% better. The milk productivity in the experimental group of animals in comparison with the control exceeded 9.6% with an income of 63 rubles per centner of milk.

The main zootechnical and economic indicators obtained by feeding animals during lactation are summarized in table 2.

EXAMPLE 2. Production testing of GCCMTKD and BMRKD is shown on the feedstock of pigs. In all animals, the main diet (RR) consisted of full feed. Against the background of such a diet, the animals of the control group received 10% HMTKD, and the experimental ones received 10% BMRKD according to the scheme (Table 3).

Blood counts characterizing metabolism were better in animals treated with BMRKD. They had a higher content of hemoglobin (by 6.7%), erythrocytes (by 32.0%), protein (by 14.3%), carotene (by 74.7%) and alkaline reserve (by 16.7%) . The pigs of the experimental group more efficiently digested the organic matter of the diet (by 7.9%) and grew more intensively (by 16.2%) at lower feed costs (by 0.6 feed units per 1 kg of growth) and the cost of growth in live weight (by 16.8% or 7.9 rubles).

EXAMPLE 3. For the testing of additives HMTKD and BMRKD were selected 2 groups of laying hens of 50 goals in each at the age of 150 days. The experiment was carried out for 180 days from the start of oviposition. They fed chickens with full feed. Control animals were added 10% HMTKD to full feed, and experimental animals were added 10% BMRKD. Testing results showed that the positive effect of feeding BMRKD was also on laying hens (Table 4).

When tested, no significant differences in live weight were observed between the layers of the experimental and control groups. By the end of the experiment (by 180 days), the laying hens of the experimental group exceeded the control by this indicator by 8.0%, egg production - by 15.0% with lower feed costs per 1 kg of egg mass - by 14.3%. The bird, whose diet included BMRKD, increased the deposition of carotenoids and vitamin A in the yolk of the egg, respectively, 2.6 and 1.5 times. They also had a higher bacterial activity of blood serum (ALS) - by 9.0%, complementary activity of blood serum (CAS) - by 11.4% and hemoglobin level - by 14.0%. Experimental chickens digested organic matter better by 6.7%. The production cost of 1000 eggs from laying hens of the experimental group was 500 rubles (18.5%) less.

Compared with the prototype, the present invention is suitable for most types of farm animals and poultry, improves the quality of their feeding by stimulating appetite, improving metabolism, digestibility of nutrients in the diet, better balancing diets in terms of protein, mineral, vitamin and taste composition. BMRKD is stored longer (for 9 months), 2.1 times cheaper. Components introduced into BMRKD, such as dioecious nettle and dandelion root, are readily available since they are found everywhere in unlimited quantities.

Table 1 Composition and nutritional value of the former BMTKD and the new BMRKD feed supplement Indicator Additive SCMTCD BMRKD Components (wt.%): Hydrokeratin eighteen 17 mudstone - twenty zeolite 54 - grain mix 21 49 premix P-60-1 2 - premix with vitamins U and B ₁ 2 - synthetic taste stimulant one - Stinging nettle - 10 feed chalk - 3 dandelion root - one 1 kg contains: feed units 1,1 1,2 exchange energy, MJ 12.5 13.3 digestible protein, g 295 385 calcium g 26.8 28.9 phosphorus, g 12.9 19.8 sulfur, g 19 26 ferrous iron, g 1,1 2.6 cobalt, 0.3 1,1 copper 6 9 carotene, mg 12 thirty vitamin C mg thirty 90 vitamin K mg 8 eighteen Preservation, month 9 eighteen Cost of 1 ton, thousand rubles. 7.5 3.6

table 2 Scheme and test results of feed additives on cows Indicator Group control experienced Number of animals 8 8 Feeding pattern OR + 10% to the grain mix GTsMTKD OR + 10% to BMRKD grain mix The diet contains: feed units 16,2 16.7 digestible protein, g 1519 1791 calcium g 83 130 phosphorus, g 62 68 Blood counts: nitrates, mg% 5.1 3.8 hemoglobin, g% 10.1 11.3 red blood cells, million / mm ³ 5.5 7D protein, g% 7.1 8.1 carotene, mg% 1,1 1.7 alkaline reserve, mg% 480 555 Digestibility of the organic matter of the diet,% 65.9 74,2 The average daily milk yield, kg 16.6 18.2 Cost of 1 centner of milk, rub. 390 327

Table 3 Scheme and test results of feed additives in feed pigs Indicator Group control experienced Number of animals 32 32 Feeding pattern OR + 10% to the full-fledged compound feed GTsMTKD OR + 10% to BMRKD full-feed compound feed Blood counts: hemoglobin, g% 10.5 11,2 red blood cells, million / mm ³ 5,0 6.6 protein, g% 7.0 8.0 carotene, mg% 0.95 1.66 alkaline reserve, mg% 460 537 Digestibility of the organic matter of the diet,% 63,2 71.1 The average daily gain in live weight of pigs over 90 days of fattening, g 542 630 The cost of feed per 1 kg of increase in live weight, units 4.6 4.0 The cost of growth of 1 kg of live weight, rubles. 54.9 47.0

Table 4 Layout and test results of feed additives on laying hens Indicator Group control experienced Feeding pattern OR + 10% to the full-fledged compound feed GTsMTKD OR + 10% to BMRKD full-feed compound feed Number of laying hens fifty fifty Live weight, g 1823 1968 Egg laying per layer, pcs. 109.5 125.9 The cost of feed per 1 kg of egg mass, kg 3.2 2,8 Caratinoids in 1 g of yolk, mcg 5.2 13.6 Vitamin A in 1 g of yolk, mcg 3.6 5,4 ALS blood% 68.1 74,2 CAS blood% 36.9 41.1 Hemoglobin,% 9.3 10.6 Digestibility of the organic matter of the diet,% 61.1 67.8 The production cost of 1000 eggs, rubles. 3200 2700

Claims (1)

A feed additive for farm animals and poultry containing hydrokeratin, a grain mixture, characterized in that it additionally contains mudstone, dioica nettle, feed chalk, dandelion root, in the following ratio, wt.%:
hydrokeratin 17 mudstone twenty grain mix 49 Stinging nettle 10 a piece of chalk 3 dandelion root one