RU2823284C1 - Fodder additive for quails - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to fodder production, and can be used in poultry farming as a fodder additive for young quails. Additive contains 55 wt.% of extruded seeds of white lupine variety “Dega”, 40 wt.% of meal from dried larvae of Lucilia Caesar fly and 5 wt.% of activated zeolite of the Tatar-Shatrashan deposit.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase quail live weight gain and meat productivity.

1 cl, 7 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to feed production, and can be used in poultry farming as an energy-protein concentrate for quails.

To realize the genetic potential of productivity, it is necessary to provide young poultry, including quails, with protein, energy, macro-microelements and other biologically active substances. The problem of protein nutrition is particularly acute. Traditionally, in feed for poultry, expensive cakes, meals, dry stillage, spent grains, meat and bone and fish meal are used as a source of protein, the production volumes of which are insufficient in Russia.

The most widely used in feeding is soybean meal, which is characterized by a high content of protein balanced in amino acid composition. However, soybean crops in our country do not meet the needs of domestic poultry farming for feed protein. An alternative to soybean in the natural and climatic conditions of Russia is white lupine, the seeds of which contain from 32 to 46% protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, necessary when feeding young poultry.

One of the promising areas is the use of insect larvae feed products in feeding poultry, which contain up to 40-60% protein, fat, fiber, vitamins, micro- and macroelements. Protein from insects, in particular from the larvae of synatropic flies, is not inferior in its properties and amino acid composition, and sometimes even surpasses traditional protein sources, such as vegetable meal, fish and meat and bone meal. The high nutritional value of insects has been confirmed by a number of foreign and domestic researchers. To date, the feeding value and the possibility of using Hermetiaillucens (black soldier fly) larvae have been quite well studied. Works have been published indicating the prospects of using Hermetiaillucens larvae in pure form and as part of feed additives in the diets of fish, pigs and birds, calves, and also instead of soybean flour in the diet of cows. An alternative to Hermetiaillucens are the larvae of the sinatropic fly LuciliaCaesar , which, unlike the black soldier fly, uses non-commercial meat waste for its nutrition. Works have been published indicating the prospects of using LuciliaCaesar larvae in the diets of quails, laying hens, and turkeys.

In modern conditions, with global environmental pollution by various toxic substances, in the production of poultry products, special attention is paid to obtaining environmentally friendly products. Heavy metals, pesticides, nitrates, intrites, and mycotoxins pose a particular danger to the poultry body.

It has been proven that the use of natural mineral sorbents, such as zeolites from the Tatarsko-Shatrashan deposit, is one of the cheapest and most accessible ways to detoxify the body. The use of zeolites also allows you to replenish the bird’s body with macro- and microelements: silicon, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, selenium, cobalt, etc.

Thus, the use of new feeds and feed additives, in particular the search for effective feed components with a high content of energy and protein, mineral nutrients without which it is impossible to obtain high meat productivity, is an urgent task in poultry farming, including quail farming.

There is a known method of feeding farm animals (pat. No. 2467568 C2, IPC A01K 67/00), which consists of introducing zeolites, pine flour, larvae of synanthropic flies into the diet of young pigs, and the ingredients are included in the diet in the last 14 days of fattening in the amount of grams per head per day: zeolites 250-500, pine flour 50-100, synanthropic fly larvae 20-50. Using this method will improve the taste of meat[1].

The disadvantage of this method is that it is used only in feeding young pigs; the impact on animal productivity of a high-quality protein supplement from the larvae of synanthropic flies, which can replace the more expensive protein components of complete feed, is not taken into account; the lack of information on protein and amino acid nutrition is not taken into account.

A biologically active feed additive is known (patent No. 2402918 C1, MPK A23K 1/00), consisting of a grain mixture and crushed larvae of synanthropic flies. The grain mixture is simultaneously crushed with the larvae of synanthropic flies at the following ratio of components, wt.%: larvae of synanthropic flies, live - 20-25, grain mixture - 75-80. The use of a feed additive can improve the quality of feed and reduce energy costs for its production[2].

The disadvantage of the known biologically active feed additive is the lack of information on the use of the feed additive in feeding quails, as well as the high humidity in the finished product, which reduces the overall nutritional value and increases the bacterial contamination of the feed additive.

The closest in technical essence and adopted as a prototype is a protein-lipid feed additive for farm animals (patent No. 2743366 C1, IPC A23K 10/20; 20/26; 20/28), containing 75 wt.% biomass of the larvae of the synanthropic fly Luciliacaesar in dried form, 10 wt.% phosphogypsum and 15 wt.% dolomite flour. A protein-lipid feed additive will increase animal productivity and prevent demineralization of bone tissue[3].

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of information on the use of protein-lipid feed additives in feeding quails, the high content of biologically active mineral components, which reduces the energy and protein nutritional value of the feed additive.

As a result of the analysis of scientific, technical and patent literature, no feed additive of the declared qualitative and quantitative composition was identified, which indicates compliance with the “novelty” criterion. The qualitative composition ensures an improvement in metabolic processes in the quail body and an increase in productivity, and the quantitative composition provides an optimal level of impact, which indicates compliance with the “inventive step” criterion.

The technical result is an increase in live weight gain and meat productivity of quails and a decrease in feed conversion.

The technical result is achieved by using a feed additive for quails, wt.%:

extruded white lupine seeds “Degas” – 55,

flour from dried LuciliaCaesar fly larvae – 40,

activated zeolite of the Tatarsko-Shatrashan deposit – 5.

The proposed ratio of components is optimal, as it gives the maximum protein content at the minimum cost of the feed additive. A further increase in the composition of the wt.% flour from fly larvae is impractical, since it increases the cost of the product, and a decrease in the wt.% of flour from the fly larvae leads to a decrease in the protein content in the product. When justifying the wt.% introduction of zeolite into the feed additive, we were based on the standards recommended in the practical guide “Use of zeolite-containing rock “Shatrashanita” in the diets of farm animals, poultry and fur-bearing animals” (Mamadysh. 1997).

The novelty of the claimed invention is that due to the combination of essential features - extruded seeds of white lupine variety "Degas", flour from dried larvae of the Lucilia Caesar fly and activated zeolite of the Tatarsko-Shatrashan deposit as part of the feed additive, an increase in the increase in live weight of quails and meat productivity indicators is achieved and decreased feed conversion.

The claimed feed additive differs from the prototype in that white lupine seeds are extruded in an extruder at a processing temperature in the working chamber of no more than 200ºC, the pressure in front of the matrix is 2-6 MPa. the biomass of LuciliaCaesar fly larvae is dried at a temperature of +60 ºС, then the treated components are crushed into fractions of 0.5-1.0 mm, activated zeolite is added and mixed in a mixer for 15 minutes.

The feed additive is added additionally to the daily ration for protein balancing or to the composition of the feed during production. Maximum input rate 23%.

The chemical composition of the feed additive is presented in Table 1.

Table 1

Index Content Dry matter, g/kg 930.65 Crude protein, g/kg 387.55 Crude fat, g/kg 166.25 Crude fiber, g/kg 40.75 Nitrogen-free extractive substances (NEF), g/kg 269.70 Raw ash, g/kg 66.40 Calcium, g/kg 15.80 Phosphorus, g/kg 3.20 Amino acids: Alanin 1.52 Arginine 2.58 Aspartame 3.08 Cysteine 0.66 Glutamine 4.71 Glycine 1.63 Histidine 0.84 Isoleucine 1.54 Leucine 2.15 Lysine 2.11 Methionine 0.58 Phenylalanine 1.59 Proline 1.74 Serin 1.69 Threonine 1.38 Tryptophan 0.36 Tyrosine 1.03 Valin 1.80

Safety indicators and microbiological indicators of the feed additive are presented in Table 2.

To test the feed additive under the conditions of the vivarium of the Kazan State Academy of Agricultural Medicine, experiments were carried out on young Texas white quails. According to the generally accepted methodology for conducting scientific and production research on feeding poultry (VNITIP, 2000), the scientific and economic experiment was carried out using the balanced group method. The number of birds in each group is 80 birds. The experimental birds were kept in the same conditions (cage equipment with free access to food and water). The duration of the experiment was 28 days (from 10 to 38 days of age).

According to the experimental design, the birds of the control group received complete feed DKP-52 in accordance with the accepted feeding scheme for young quails and soybean cake at the rate of 27 g / 100 g of feed to bring the protein content in the feed to the zootechnical norm of 28% (A.P. Kalashnikov, M., 2003). The quails of the experimental groups were fed complete feed DKP-52 in accordance with the accepted feeding scheme for young quails; instead of soybean cake, they were fed a feed additive in various dosages. The feed additive was fed by adding it to the daily ration.

The experimental method has proven that of the tested dosages, the optimal dosage for using the feed additive is 23 g/100 g of feed in accordance with the accepted feeding scheme for young quail.

The feeding pattern for quails is presented in Table 3.

Table 3

Bird age, days Amount of given feed, g Content of crude protein in the daily diet, g Group I
control II experienced
group 10 9.0 2.50 2.50 eleven 10.0 2.50 2.50 12 11.0 2.75 2.75 13 12.0 3.00 3.00 14-18 13.0 3.25 3.25 19-23 14.0 3.50 3.50 24-25 15.0 3.15 3.15 26-38 16.0 3.20 3.20

When a feed additive is introduced into the diet at the rate of 23 g/100 g of feed, the maximum positive change in the productive indicators of quails is observed. Changes in live weight of experimental quails and feed conversion are presented in Table 4.

Table 4

Index Control group Experienced
group Live weight, g: at the age of 10 days 52.62±0.55 52.41±0.30 at the age of 18 days 95.23±1.10 105.84±0.41*** at the age of 25 days 129.2±1.69 177.3±2.01*** at the age of 32 days 204.05±1.24 230.90±1.08*** at the age of 38 days 249.82±2.30 278.20±2.08*** Gross increase in live weight of quails during the experimental period, g 197.20 225.79 Live weight of the group at the end of the experiment, kg 19.98 22.25 Average daily increase in live weight of quails, g 7.04 8.06 Feed consumption per group during the experimental period, kg 32.84 31.92 Feed conversion, kg 1.64 1.43 Note: ***p ≥0.001

Analysis of the dynamics of live weight of experimental birds shows a positive tendency to increase in the studied groups. However, in the experimental group this indicator was higher than in the control group throughout the entire growing period. Thus, on the 18th, 25th, 32nd and 38th days, a statistically significant difference was established at 11.1,37,2,13.2 and 11.4% (p ≥0.001), respectively.

It was established that the gross increase in live weight of quails over the entire growing period in the experimental group exceeds the gross increase in the control group by 14.5%.

Feed conversion shows that when raising poultry on the diet of the control group, 1.64 kg of feed per 1 kg of growth is required, while when using a feed additive (experimental group) - 1.43 kg, which is 12.8% less.

When feeding the feed additive, all the studied blood parameters of the experimental quails were within the physiological norm (Table 5).

Table 5

Index Control group Experienced
group Hemoglobin, g/l 142.4±4.58 132.7±8.33 Red blood cells, 10 ¹² /l 2.15±0.02 2.11±0.35 Leukocytes, 10 ⁹ /l 18.83±0.73 15.00±0.29* Average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte, pkg 66.1±1.56 65.47±8.43 Color index 1.98±0.04 1.96±0.25 Total protein, g/l 32.33±1.86 27.67±1.86 Albumin, g/l 13.33±0.33 10.0±0.0*** Globulins, g/l 19.00±1.53 17.67±1.86 Glucose, mmol/l 15.13±0.49 13.70±1.12 Triglycerides, mmol/l 0.64±0.11 0.66±0.25 Cholesterol, mmol/l 5.47±0.50 4.38±0.45 Calcium, mmol/l 2.13±0.03 1.90±0.15 Phosphorus, mmol/l 0.14±1.02 0.13±0.02 Note: ***p ≥0.001, *p ≥0.05

Indicators of quail meat productivity are presented in Table 6.

Table 6

Index Control group Experienced
group Pre-slaughter weight, g 249.82±2.09 278.20±2.03*** Slaughter weight, g 239.32±14.74 268.86±13.43 Weight of semi-gutted carcass, g 210.67±13.57 248.66±4.70* Weight of gutted carcass, g 198.66±11.26 236.33±9.56* Slaughter yield % 83.01 87.9 Muscle mass: chest, g 92.33±1.92 107.45±1.22 *** to carcass weight,% 38.58 39.97 foot, g 49.66±0.56 51.56±0.63* to carcass weight,% 20.75 19.18 Internal fat: mass, g 3.67±0.03 3.87±0.01 *** to carcass weight,% 1.53 1.44 Note: ***p ≥0.001, *p ≥0.05

In the birds of the experimental group, the pre-slaughter and slaughter weight was greater than the control by 11.36% (p≥0.001) and 12.34%, the weight of the semi-gutted and eviscerated carcass was by 18.00% (p≥0.05) and 18.96%, and the slaughter yield is by 4.89%. The poultry carcasses of the experimental group were distinguished by a high yield of meat, as evidenced by the absolute and relative mass of the pectoral and leg muscles. Thus, the mass of pectoral muscles in quail carcasses that received a feed additive is 16.38% (p≥0.001) greater than that of control birds. A similar trend was observed for leg muscle mass.

Replacing soybean cake with a feed additive in compound feeds reduces feed conversion by 14.7% and increases the meat productivity of quails. Compared to soybean cake, the economic efficiency of using the developed feed additive when growing quails per 1 ruble of additional costs amounted to 37.12 rubles. (Table 7).

Table 7

Index Group control experienced Live weight gain over the entire period of the experiment, kg 19.72 22.57 Cost of the resulting increase in live weight, rub. 5961 6771 Additional gain gained, kg - 2.85 Cost of additional gain, rub. - 855 Additives consumed, kg 2.62 2.55 Cost of fed supplement with overhead costs of 25%, rub. 150.13 182.96 Feed consumed during the experiment, kg 17.5 17.2 Cost of fed feed, rub. 630 619.2 Feed savings, rub - 10.8 Total cost of feed, rub 780.13 802.16 Additional costs for feed, rub. 22.03 Economic efficiency - per 1 ruble of additional costs, rub. - 37.12

Thus, the developed feed additive for quails is highly effective.

Information sources:

1. Pat. 2467568 C2 Russian Federation. IPC A01K 67/00. Method of feeding agricultural animals / O.N. Sorokoletov, A.V. Bgatov, A.N. Golovko [and others]; patent holder of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Novosibirsk State Agrarian University”. – No. 2011103628/13; application 02/01/2011; Published November 27, 2012. - Bull. No. 33. – 5 p.

2. Pat. 2402918 C1Russian Federation, MPK A23K 1/00. Biologically active feed additive / O.N. Sorokoletov, A.V. Bgatov, V.A. Reimer [et al.]; patent holder of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Novosibirsk State Agrarian University". – No. 2009116084/13; application. 04/27/2009; publ.11/10/2010. - Bull. No. 31. – 5 p.

3. Pat. 2743366 C1 Russian Federation, MPK A23K 10/20, A23K 20/26, A23K 20/28. Protein-lipid feed additive / A.I. Khatuntsev, M.N. Argunov, T.Yu. Filonova [and others]; patent holder of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I.” – No. 2020124235; application 07/14/2020; publ.02.17.2021. - Bull. No. 5. – 8 p.

Claims (4)

Feed additive for quail, characterized in that it contains, wt.%: extruded white lupine seeds “Degas” – 55, flour from dried Lucilia Caesar fly larvae – 40, activated zeolite of the Tatarsko-Shatrashan deposit – 5.