RU2460592C2 - Pneumatic separation device of grain and seed-cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for cleaning of grains and seeds of various agricultural crops with the help of the air flow and can be used in agriculture and the elevator industry. Pneumatic separation device of grain and seed cleaning machine includes a pneumatic separating channel with the device of input and output of the material, a separating chamber connected with the upper part of the pneumatic separating channel and provided with a mode switch and the output device of the deposited material, sediment chamber with an output device of light impurities, diametrical fan with an output pipe, equipped with air flow regulator mounted at the top of the sediment chamber, inertial louver-countercurrent dust collector. Inertial louver-countercurrent dust collector mounted in the sediment chamber has a common adjacent wall with the separating chamber, the output window of which is connected to the inlet branch of the inertial louver-counter dust collector, and its air exhaust chamber is connected with the input window of a diametrical fan. Separating chamber is additionally connected with sediment chamber with bypass window, on the edge of which the operation mode switch is mounted.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of separation of the material, as well as reduction of the dimensions of the pneumatic separation device.

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Description

The invention relates to a device for cleaning grain and seeds of various crops using air flow and can be used in agriculture and the elevator industry.

A pneumatic separating device of a grain and seed cleaning machine is known, comprising a pneumatic separating channel with input and output devices, a separation and sedimentation chamber with precipitated fraction output devices having a common adjacent wall, a diametrical fan with an outlet nozzle equipped with an air flow regulator installed in the upper part of the sedimentary cameras (RF patent No. 2213442, MKI 7 B07B 4/02. Grain cleaning machine / Burkov A.I., Saitov V.E., Glushkov A.L. - No. 2001124127/13; Claims 08.29.2001 // Discovery. Inventions. - 2003. - No. 28). The disadvantage of a pneumatic separation device is that it can work effectively only in one pneumofraction mode with separation of the material to be cleaned into three fractions: heavy (seeds), medium (fodder), light (waste). However, in some cases, it is required to divide the material being cleaned into two fractions, for example, heavy and light, which is not provided for in this device. The second disadvantage of this device is the lack of a dust collecting device for purifying exhaust air.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a pneumatic separating device for a grain and seed cleaning machine containing a pneumatic separating channel with input and output devices, a separation chamber communicated with the upper part of the pneumatic separating channel and equipped with a mode switch and a device for outputting the deposited material, sedimentary chamber with a device for removing light impurities, a diametrical fan with an outlet pipe equipped with a regulator m of air flow installed in the upper part of the sedimentary chamber, an inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector (Burkov A.I., Saitov V.E., Glushkov A.L. Machine for pneumofractional technology for processing grain heaps // Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture. - 2008. - No. 11. - C.3-6 - prototype).

The presence in the prototype of a mode switch and an inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector expands the technological capabilities of the pneumatic separating device and allows you to clean the exhaust air.

The disadvantage of the prototype are large overall dimensions.

The task that must be solved is to reduce the overall dimensions of the air separation device of the grain and seed cleaning machines.

The problem is solved with the help of a pneumatic separating device for a grain and seed cleaning machine containing a pneumatic separating channel with material input and output devices, a separation chamber communicated with the upper part of the pneumatic separating channel and equipped with an operating mode switch and a precipitated material output device, a sedimentation chamber with a light impurity output device a diametral fan with an outlet pipe equipped with an air flow regulator installed in the upper part of the sedimentary chamber, an inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector, while an inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector is installed in the sedimentation chamber and has a common adjacent wall with a separation chamber, the outlet window of which is connected to the inlet port of the inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector, and its air outlet chamber is connected to the inlet diameter of the inlet window moreover, the separation chamber is additionally communicated with the sediment chamber by the bypass window, on the edge of which a mode switch is installed.

The drawing shows a diagram of a pneumatic separation device of a grain and seed cleaning machine.

The pneumatic separating device of the grain and seed cleaning machine contains a pneumatic separating channel 1 with devices 2 and 3 for input and output of material, a separation chamber 4, equipped with a mode switch 5 and a device 6 for outputting deposited material, a sediment chamber 7 with a device for outputting light impurities, a diametrical fan 9 with an outlet pipe 10 equipped with an air flow regulator 11, an inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector 12. The input window of the separation chamber 4 is in communication with the upper part channel 1, and the exit window with the inlet pipe 13 of the louvre-countercurrent dust collector 12. The louvre-countercurrent dust collector 12 is installed in the sediment chamber 7 and has a common adjacent wall 14 with a separation chamber 4, in the lower part of which a bypass window 15 communicating the separation 4 and sedimentary chamber 7. At the edge of the bypass window, a mode switch 5 is installed. The inertial dust collector 12 has sequentially installed louvre 16 and counterflow 17 cleaners, a common air exhaust chamber 18 in communication with the inlet window of the diametrical fan 9. The dust precipitation chamber of the inertial louvre countercurrent dust collector is aligned with the lower part of the sediment chamber 7.

Pneumatic separation device of grain and seed cleaning machine works as follows.

The material to be cleaned by the input device 2 is fed into the air separation channel 1, where it is blown by the air stream created by the diametrical fan 9. Light impurities, punctured and damaged seeds of the main culture (light and medium fractions) rise up and enter the separation chamber 4, and heavy full seeds ( heavy fraction) by the device 3 are brought out.

When the device is operating in fractionation mode, the switch 5 is moved to position "3", which closes the bypass window 15, and the air flow rate in the air separation channel 1 is set by the regulator 11 so that punctured and damaged seeds of the main crop stand out. In this embodiment, when the flow of impurities in the horizontal direction moves, the middle fraction is deposited in the separation chamber 4 and brought out by the device 6 to the outside, and the light fraction with the air flow enters the inertial dust collector 12, where it is first separated in the louvre 16 and then in the counterflow 17 cleaners and collected in the lower part of the precipitation chamber 7, from where it is removed by the device 8 to the outside. The cleaned air stream from the exhaust chamber 18 is sucked off by a diametrical fan 9 and is discharged through the outlet pipe 10 into the atmosphere.

When the device is operating in the mode of dividing the material to be purified into two fractions, the switch 5 is switched to the "O" position, opening the bypass window 15 and closing the device 6 for outputting the deposited material. The air flow rate in the pneumatic separation channel 1 is set at the beginning of the removal of full grain to waste. In this case, the separated light impurities will be deposited sequentially first in the separation chamber 4, and then in the sedimentation chamber 7. From the separation chamber 4, the deposited light impurities through the bypass window 15 enter the sedimentation chamber 7 and the combined light fraction is discharged outward by the device 8. Cleaning and removal of exhaust air is carried out in the same way as in the first embodiment.

Thus, the pneumatic separating device can work with the selection of medium (feed) and light or only light fractions from the material to be cleaned.

By placing an inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector in the sedimentation chamber and combining its dust precipitation chamber with the lower part of the sedimentation chamber, a positive result is achieved - the overall dimensions of the air separation device are reduced.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic separating device for a grain and seed cleaning machine, containing a pneumatic separating channel with input and output devices, a separation chamber in communication with the upper part of the pneumatic separating channel and equipped with a mode switch and a device for outputting deposited material, a sedimentation chamber with a device for removing light impurities, a diameter fan with an outlet a nozzle equipped with an air flow regulator installed in the upper part of the sedimentary chamber, inertial louvre-countercurrent flow separator, characterized in that the inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector is installed in the sedimentation chamber and has a common adjacent wall with a separation chamber, the outlet window of which is connected to the inlet port of the inertial louvre-countercurrent dust collector, and its air outlet is in communication with the inlet window of the diametrical fan, the separation chamber is additionally communicated with the sediment chamber by the bypass window, on the edge of which a mode switch is installed.

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