RU2453114C1 - Method of stimulation of growth and development of winter wheat plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The method of stimulation of growth and development of winter wheat plant includes processing of plants in the tillering and ear formation stages with a growth regulator. At that additionally processing of the seeds is carried out at a dose of 0.3 l/t. As a growth regulator Verva preparation is used, extracted from wood greens of fir-tree with method of emulsion extraction.

EFFECT: invention enables to increase germinating energy and germinating ability, to increase the yield of winter wheat.

2 cl, 4 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of various varieties of winter wheat.

One of the urgent tasks of the further development of agriculture is to increase the productivity of crops, including winter wheat. Along with agrochemicals, land reclamation, a common crop culture, breeding and seed production, an important reserve for the successful solution of this problem is the use of growth regulators that stimulate the growth and development of plants and increase their productivity.

At present, various biologically active substances are used to influence the growth and development of crops. Various methods are known for regulating wheat growth using natural and synthetic growth regulators.

A known method of regulating the growth of wheat plants [RF patent 2082296], which is treated in the phase of the beginning of heading growth regulator drug SILK at a dose of the active substance of 40-60 g / ha SILK is the sum of triterpenic acids isolated from green woody fir, which improves the yield and quality of some crops. The disadvantage of this method is the technology of extraction processing of green wood fir in the manufacture of the SILK preparation, including the extraction of biologically active substances (BAS) from ground raw materials with organic solvents - fire hazardous and toxic reagents.

Closest to the claimed method is a method of growing winter wheat plants [RF patent 2098961], taken as a prototype, including the treatment of vegetative winter wheat plants by spraying with an aqueous solution of Gibbersib at a concentration of 5.0-50.0 mg / l at a dose of 2.0- 20.0 g / ha twice - first in the tillering phase, and then in the earing phase. The disadvantage of this method is the high dose of the drug, which is depressing to plants.

The objective of the present invention is the use of a new highly effective natural biological product Verva in order to identify the biological activity of the preparation Varva on the yield of winter wheat.

Using the proposed method will allow, in comparison with the prototype:

- increase the energy of germination and germination of seeds by 4.0-4.5%;

- increase the yield of winter wheat by 11-15%.

This is the technical result.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of stimulating the growth and development of winter wheat plants, including treating plants in the tillering and heading phases with a growth regulator, according to the invention further includes treating the seeds at a dose of 0.3 l / t, using the preparation “Verva” as a growth regulator extracted from woody fir fir by emulsion extraction method. In addition, winter wheat plants are treated in the phases of the beginning of tillering and the beginning of heading at a dose of 0.3 l / ha.

Verva's new biological product is the trade name of the drug manufactured by the Scientific and Technological Enterprise of the Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences LLC [sanitary and epidemiological conclusion No. 77.99.30.929.A000805.03.08 of March 28, 2008]. The drug is obtained by the emulsion method of extracting low molecular weight components from plant materials. The method includes processing chopped wood green fir 0.5-20% aqueous alkaline solution, followed by separation of the solid fraction. The chemical composition of the active part of the drug is a mixture of sodium salts of triterpenic acids of the general formula C ₃₀ H ₄₆ O ₄ . Physico-chemical properties of the biological product: a dark brown emulsion, unlimitedly soluble in water, does not have a negative effect on the skin and does not irritate the mucous membranes, odorless. The biological product is not combustible, not explosive. In aqueous solutions, stable at temperatures up to 60 ° C. This is an environmentally friendly product with high efficiency at a low consumption. The biological product does not pollute agricultural products and the environment.

The method of administration of the drug is as follows.

Verva growth regulator treats seeds of winter wheat grown by traditional technology at a dose of 0.3 l / t of seeds; during the growing season, plants are treated with Verva growth regulator at a dose of 0.3 l / ha twice, at the beginning of tillering and the beginning of heading.

Example 1

Verva growth regulator showed good results when used in the laboratory experience of the Kuban State Agrarian University, where they studied the effect of the drug on the sowing qualities of winter wheat seeds. Object of study - winter wheat varieties Pamyat.

Scheme of experience:

1 - control - seeds were soaked in water.

2-6 - experimental options - the seeds were soaked in solutions of the Verva preparation in a concentration of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%.

Exposure to processing (soaking time) of seeds - 1 hour. The repetition in the experiment is 4 times. Seeds were laid out in Petri dishes of 50 pieces (each), filter paper was used as a bed for seeds. Seeds were germinated in a thermostat at a temperature of 25 ° C.

The test results are presented in tables 1 and 2.

From table 1 it is seen that when treating winter wheat seeds with the growth regulator “Verva”, the most effective concentration was 1.5%. The values of germination energy and germination in the optimal concentration increased by 4.0 and 4.5%. In this experiment, the preparation significantly increases the sowing quality of seeds and leads to an increase in the length of the root and sprout by 5.6 and 7.9%, respectively, of their biomass by 27.2 and 4.9% (Table 2).

Example 2

Field plot tests were carried out in the Krasnodar Territory: on the experimental site of the Kuban State Agrarian University, in the Timashevsky District and on production facilities in the Temryuk and Krylovsky Districts. A variety of winter wheat - Memory. Soil - leached low-humus chernozem. The thickness of the humus horizon exceeds 150 cm. The test setup area belongs to the unstable wet zone. Soil preparation, planting and care of wheat crops were carried out according to standard technology. Weather and Climatic Conditions 2008-2009 (vegetation period of winter wheat) differed from perennial average. Precipitations regularly falling in the fall and spring contributed to the normal growth and development of winter wheat plants, and an active loading of grain.

The “Verva” growth regulator was tested according to the scheme: seed treatment at a dose of 0.3 l / t (solution flow rate 10 l / t), plants were treated at the beginning of tillering and heading phases at a dose of 0.3 l / ha (solution flow rate 200 l / ha). In the control variant - without the use of the “Verva” growth regulator on seeds and plants.

The test results are presented in table 3-4.

From table 3 it is seen that the formation of elements of the structure of the crop largely depends on the method of application of the drug Verva. In the variant with seed treatment, the intensity of shoot formation increased: total - 1.8 in the experiment. stems, in control 1.4 pcs., productive - 1.5 and 1.0 pcs. respectively. The spike length increased (in the experiment 9.6 cm, in the control 8.7 cm), the number of grains per plant (in the experiment 33.2 pcs., In the control - 22.9 pcs.), Which led to a significant increase in grain weight with plants (1.18 g in the experiment, 0.81 g in the control).

The enhancement of growth and morphogenesis processes when Verva was used in winter wheat cultivation technology had a positive effect on productivity (Table 4).

When treating winter wheat seeds with Verva in the experimental plot, the yield increased by 14.6% (57.4 c / ha, in the control - 50.1 c / ha). At production facilities, productivity increased by 11.2 and 13.9%. When processing plants during the growing season, the yield increase was 6.1 and 7.8% (5.1 and 3.9 kg / ha) in the tillering phase, 4.3 and 4.9% (1.9 and 3.0 kg / ha) in the earing phase (Table 4).

Table 1 The effect of the drug "Verva" on the germination energy and germination of winter wheat seeds Option Germination energy,% Germination,% The control 93.5 95.5 Verva 0.1% 92.5 94.0 Verva-0.5% 94.0 95.0 Verva 1.0% 95.0 100.0 Verva-1.5% 97.5 100.0 Verva-2.0% 94.0 95.5

table 2 The effect of the drug "Verva" on the intensity of germination of seeds of winter wheat Option Length cm Weight, g / 100 pcs. seedlings raw dry spine sprout rootlets sprouts rootlets sprouts The control 12.5 10.1 2,048 1,631 0.182 0.183 Verva 0.1% 11.9 9.6 1,816 1,439 0.169 0.175 Verva-0.5% 12.6 10.3 2,077 1,569 0.180 0.178 Verva 1.0% 13.0 10,4 2,227 1,647 0.188 0.185 Verva-1.5% 13,2 10.9 2,606 1,711 0,203 0.198 Verva-2.0% 12.7 10.6 2,397 1,684 0.195 0.192

Table 3 The effect of the drug “Verva” on the formation of elements of the structure of the crop in the experimental plot Option Bushiness, pcs. stems / plant Spike length, cm Buzz, pcs / plant Mass g Harvest Index common productive grains straw The control 1.4 1,0 8.7 22.9 0.81 1,08 0.75 Verva seeds 1.18 1.8 1,5 9.6 33,2 1.40 0.84 Verva plants, tillering 1,5 1,1 9.1 28.5 1.01 1.26 0.80 Verva plants, heading 1.4 1,0 8.8 23.6 0.86 1,08 0.80 NDS ₀₅ 0.06 0.05 0.3 1,0 0,03 0.04

Table 4 The effect of the drug "Verva" on the yield of winter wheat Option Temryuk district Krylovsky district Timashevsky district Harvest
n / t / ha Increase in control Harvest
n / t / ha Increase in control Productivity, t / ha Increase in control c / ha % c / ha % c / ha % The control 46.6 - - 49.0 - - 50.1 - - Verva seeds 51.8 5.2 11,2 55.8 6.8 13.9 57.4 7.3 14.6 Treatment with Verva plants, tillering stage 50.3 3,7 7.9 54.1 5.1 6.1 54.0 3.9 7.8 Treatment with Verva plants, at the heading stage 48.5 1.9 4.3 52.0 3.0 1,1 52.6 2.5 4.9

Claims (2)

1. A method of stimulating the growth and development of winter wheat plants, comprising treating plants in the tillering and heading phases with a growth regulator, characterized in that the seeds are additionally treated at a dose of 0.3 l / t, using the Varva preparation extracted from woody as a growth regulator green fir method of emulsion extraction. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that winter wheat plants are treated in the phases of the beginning of tillering and the beginning of heading at a dose of 0.3 l / ha.