RU2316163C2 - Method for pre-sowing treatment of seeds, preferably, fodder-grain crop seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, processes for cultivation of fodder-grain crops in dry land and irrigated farming.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing pre-sowing treatment of seeds with growth promoting preparation, with mival being used as said preparation in dose of 1.0-20.0 g per 1 ton of seeds; providing germination of seeds during 7-14 days at temperature of 20-30 C; terminating treatment procedure by providing protection of seed material with 10-100% solution of bischofite of MgCl₂·6H₂O formulation; setting flow rate of growth promoting preparation and protecting preparation within the range of 10-15 l per ton of seeds.

EFFECT: improved quality of agricultural product and increased yield of grain.

10 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, preferably to technologies for presowing treatment of seeds.

The known consumption rates for pre-sowing seed treatment with agate-25K for corn with a dose of 135-162 g / t, for sunflower - 135-202 g / t, for spring and winter wheat, barley and oats - 11-14 g / t, for beets - 106-135 g / t; mivala: for corn - 5-10 g / t, for oats - 2 g / t; potassium humate: for spring and winter wheat - 0.4-0.6 l / t, for sunflower - 0.6 l / t; Silka: for wheat, barley, buckwheat, corn - 50 g / t and for dressing seeds of grain crops tebu 60 is recommended 0.4-0.5 l / t of seeds (List of pesticides and agrochemicals allowed for use in the Russian Federation in 2004 year. Reference publication to the journal "Protection and Quarantine of Plants." - 576 p.).

The disadvantages of these drugs include a narrow circle of crop protection, on which growth-activating drugs can be used, on the one hand, and on the other hand, a fairly wide range of recommended concentrations that do not take into account the condition and quality of the seed.

There is a method of stimulating the growth and development of potatoes of early, mid-ripening and late varieties and winter and spring crops, including treating them with protein stimulants, in which proteinoses are used as protein stimulants ("Belkozin A" BKA, "Belkozim M" BKM, which are products of hydrolysis unrefined and tanned collagen-containing animal wastes containing, mcm / mg:

Aspartic acid 0.155-0.260 Glycine 1.11-1.20 Valine 0,120-0,140 Lysine 0.215-0.230 Proline 0.57-0.63 Glutamic acid 0.37-0.41 Alanine 0.58-0.60 Leucine 0.115-0.120

and peptides with mol. m. 200-1000, and the effective amount of protein depends on the type of crops and the stage of development of the plant; the tubers and tops of potatoes of early, mid-ripening and late varieties are treated with BKM during the growing season, and the tubers are processed before planting and tops in the friendly sprout phase with an aqueous solution of the stimulant at a concentration of 445-455 mg / l in an effective amount, and in the budding phase with an aqueous a solution of a stimulant concentration of 355-405 mg / l in an effective amount; treatment of winter and spring crops is carried out with the BCA preparation during the transition of the plant from the seedling phase to the tillering phase, into the tillering and tubing phases, and the treatment is carried out with an aqueous solution of the stimulant in an effective amount of 195-205 mg / l concentration (RU, patent No. 2096957, C1, IPC ⁶ А01N 61/00, 37/44. A method of stimulating the growth and development of potatoes of early, mid-ripening and late varieties and winter and spring crops / V.E. Kutsakova (RU), P.I. Chechetkin (RU), Zdenek Prokhazka (CZ ), Yu.V. Utkin (RU), T.E.Burova (RU), A.N. Kononov (RU) .- Application No. 95103624/04; Stated March 14, 1995; Publish. November 27, 1997).

The disadvantages of the described method include the fact that the specified growth promoter is acceptable only for potatoes. At the same time, solutions of equal concentrations are used to treat tubers and plants, which does not correspond to their biology. For cereals, it is recommended to introduce solutions of stimulants only for the treatment of vegetative plants.

The growth-promoting effect is achieved by the use of proteinosis (BKA, BKM) as growth stimulators of agricultural crops, which are solutions of a protein hydrolyzed to amino acids in various combinations.

It is also known growth-promoting and adaptogenic agent, which is used acenaphthene in a concentration of 0.00012-0,00080 for processing seeds of agricultural crops as growth-promoting and adaptogenic agents (RU, patent No. 2088084, C1, IPC ⁶ A01N 27/00. Growth-promoting and adaptogenic agent / Yu.S. Korzinnikov, M.G. Roshchupkina, A.V. Golubev, V. B. Belyaeva, D. V. Fedyunin (RU) - Application No. 93030472/04; Announced 06/17/1993; Publ. 08/27/1997).

The disadvantages of the described drug include the fact that it does not contribute to the protection of sprouts from pathogenic microorganisms.

The closest analogue to the claimed object relates to a method of presowing treatment of seeds of vegetable crops, including soaking them in an aqueous solution of a biologically active substance, in which to increase germination, germination energy and yield, bischofite in a concentration of 0.01-0 is used as a biologically active substance, 5%, and soaking is carried out at a temperature of 25 ° C for 144 hours (SU ,1800932, A3, M. cl. ⁵ A01C 1/00, A01N 61/00. The method of presowing treatment of seeds of vegetable crops / T.N. Lepilin, M.S. Gorovoy (USSR) - Application No. 4924257/15; З announced 03.04.1991; Publish. 07.03.1993, Bull. No. 9).

The disadvantages of this method include the low concentration of bischofite solution and the long term (6 days) of seed treatment. At a temperature of + 25 ° C for 6 days, the seeds of cereals, grain feed, legumes, cereals and oilseeds, when aged in 0.5% bischofite brine, lose completely sowing qualities.

In addition, indicators of the energy of germination and germination of seeds, although they are indicative indicators of productivity, but cannot be fundamental when prescribing the concentrations of drugs, for example, cereals and grain crops.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase seed viability, field germination and resistance to pests and diseases, as well as to achieve the highest stimulating effect of various growth-activating substances according to the best morphological parameters and to protect plant seedlings.

The technical result is an increase in crop yields while reducing the spread of diseases and the number of certain types of pests with increasing quality of the products.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of pre-sowing seed treatment, mainly of grain crops, including the treatment of seed by growth-activating preparation, according to the invention, before sowing, pre-sowing seed treatment is carried out with the growth preparation Mival, doses of 1.0-20.0 g of 1 ton of seeds, further lead germination for 7-14 days at 20-30 ° C and completing the processing of seed protection 10-100% mineral solution bishofit formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O, the flow rate of growth and protective means is set to 10-15 liters per ton of seed.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The claimed method of pre-sowing seed treatment of grain maize Zea mays L. hybrids Krasnodar 440 MB, POSS-331 MB, Povolzhsky 89 MB, sorghum grain Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench varieties Volgogradskoe 20, Sudan grass Sorghum sudanse (Piper.) Stapf. Varieties Kamyshinskaya 44 include treatment of seed with a growth activating preparation. As the last use mival. The consumption rate of the growth preparation mival in the dry matter was 1.0-20.0 g per 1 ton of seeds.

From the preparation Mival, aqueous solutions of 10-15 liters are prepared to process 1 ton of seeds. At different values of the seed treatment volumes, they are recalculated in direct proportion. Then seeds are germinated for 7-14 days at a temperature of +20 ... + 30 ° C. Within the specified time, the seeds must hatch and must be suitable for sowing with special sowing devices that exclude mechanical damage to the seed germ. Before sowing, the processing of seed is completed with operations to protect them from agricultural production. pests and pathogenic microflora. To do this, use a 10 ... 100% bischofite mineral solution of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O. The initial density of bischofite brine is 1.24-1.32 t / m ³ .

Consider the effectiveness of the growth and protective agents presented on the examples of production testing in the South-East of the European part of the Russian Federation.

A laboratory five-factor experiment was performed according to the scheme:

- germination time (factor A);

- type of growth preparation (factor B);

- the temperature of the solution with the growth preparation (factor C);

- type of protective drug (factor D);

- the rate of consumption of the drug per 1 ton of seeds or per sample in the experiment (factor E).

Germination time was carried out at four levels: A ₁ = 84 hours; A ₂ = 168 hours; A ₃ = 252 hours; A ₄ = 336 hours.

The temperature of the solution with growth preparations: C ₁ = 10 ° C; C ₂ = 20 ° C; C ₃ = 30 ° C; C ₄ = 40 ° C.

Type of growth preparation:

B ₁ - mival;

Type of protective drug (factor D):

D ₁ - a solution of the natural mineral bischofite.

Growth drug consumption rate:

E ₁ - 5 l / t of seeds;

E ₂ - 10 l / t of seeds;

E ₃ - 15 l / t of seeds;

E ₄ - 20 l / t of seeds.

The experiments were carried out in Petri dishes on filter paper under equivalent and comparable conditions. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. Based on the results of a variance analysis of the main agrotechnical factors for the germination and preservation of seeds of grain crops, the following optimal regimes and preparations were identified.

Example 1. The set multi-factorial experience in the pre-sowing treatment of grain feed crops of maize hybrids Krasnodar 440 MB, ROSS-331 MB and Povolzhsky 89 MB confirms the correctness of technological methods for pre-sowing treatment with growth and protective preparations (see tables 1-8).

As the data in table 1 show, of the tested bio-rational funds on the collective farm to them. Lenin of the Frolovsky district, on a hybrid of corn Krasnodar 440 MB, pre-sowing seed treatment with bischofite is distinguished by higher productivity.

Tables 2 and 8 provide data on the appointment of bischofite concentrations for corn. So, as the data of the results of the experiment with the ROSS-331 MB hybrid show, the optimal concentration when growing it on a silo under irrigation conditions, the seeds should be treated with a 40% concentration, and for grain with a 50% concentration from the initial brine. For the Povolzhsky hybrid 89 MB, for cultivating it on a silo, the optimal concentration also turned out to be a 40% concentration of the solution.

The effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment with a growth preparation called mowed corn hybrid Povolzhsky 89 MB according to the 2003 season is given in table 3.

A similar pattern was obtained when treating seeds with mival, only a hybrid of maize Volga 89 MB forms the highest yield of green mass (20.3 t / ha) when processing seeds with a preparation at the rate of 5 g / t of seeds (table 4).

Example 2. Similarly, a group of experiments was carried out to establish the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of grain crops of sorghum grain varieties Volgogradskoe 20.

A study of the presowing treatment of seeds of the grain sorghum Volgogradskoye 20 with bischofite found that the best seed germination energy was observed when using a bischofite concentration of 55%, and the best germination was at 45% concentration.

The best morphological indicators: plant length, the length of the main root and the weight of 10 plants and, ultimately, the highest grain yields were obtained by treating seeds with a 45% concentration of bischofite, and somewhat worse indicators were obtained with seeds treated with a 55% concentration of bischofite. It is also noteworthy that when processing seeds with a 40% concentration, the grain yield was higher than when processing seeds with a 50% concentration of bischofite by 0.16 t / ha, but lower compared to seed treatment with an optimal concentration of 0.22 t / ha (table 9).

The hardness of seeds has a great influence on the purpose of bischofite consumption. So, when processing solid stone goat seeds of the east, the optimal concentration of bischofite turned out to be the use of a 30% concentration of bischofite. At the same time, only one third of the seeds sprouted due to hardness of seeds in the control, and various concentrations of bischofite increased seed germination by only 3-7%. After removing the hardness of seeds, the number of germinating seeds doubled, the optimal concentration of seed treatment with bischofite was 50% concentration from the initial brine, and various concentrations of seed treatment with bischofite increased seed germination by 18-25%.

Example 3. By laboratory experiments it was found that the seeds of grain crops of Sudanese grass of the Kamyshinskaya variety 44 are most responsive to the growth preparation Mival. This was further confirmed by field experiments in 2004 (see table 10).

Presowing seed treatment of Sudanese grass with bischofite under the conditions of 2001 provided 18.1 t / ha of green mass, while 8.1 t / ha under control. Moreover, as shown by a complete zootechnical analysis of feed, an increase in the yield of green mass occurs without reducing its quality. Separate feeding of green mass to cattle showed that the green mass of Sudan grass from the area sown with seeds treated with bischofite was eaten more fully and more readily.

Table 1
The effect of presowing seed treatment on field germination,
pest damage, disease prevalence and productivity
hybrid corn Krasnodar 440 MB (to them. Lenin Frolovsky
district) Options 1989 1990 Field germination,% Damage to wireworm,% 6-8 ind./m ² Bubble Smut,% Productivity, t / ha Field germination,% Damage to wireworm,% 3-5 ind./m ² Bubble Smut,% Productivity, t / ha The control 59.1 25.3 0.6 3.36 71.3 15,2 0.4 3.53 Tigam, 2 kg / t 70.1 15.6 0,0 4,56 83,2 5.5 0,0 6.02 Bischofite solution, 22% 76.5 12.5 0,0 4.83 87.1 3.4 0,0 6.53 Solution urea, 8%; 0.15 kg / t 64.3 17.8 0.3 4.47 72.6 10.1 0.1 6.21 Mohr's salt solution, 0.3% 62.5 23,4 0.2 4.38 73,2 12.9 0.1 6.16

table 2
The effectiveness of presowing treatment of corn seeds hybrid ROSS-331
MB depending on the concentration of bischofite, OPH Irrigated GNU
VNIIOZ (2002) Indicators Control (TMTD, 3.5 kg / t) The concentration of bischofite solution in a mixture with TMTD (3.5 kg / t),% of the initial brine thirty 40 fifty Plant height, m 1.99 1.88 1.91 1.81 Leaf area of 1 plant (m ²⁾ in phase: 10-12 leaves 0.52 0.57 0.63 0.59 start of sweeping 0.57 0.67 0.65 0.60 the beginning of milk ripeness 0.59 0.63 0.60 0.61 Green mass productivity, t / ha 52.0 55.1 58.2 56.8 including cobs 18.0 20,0 25.6 27.3 The defeat of the plants of bladder smut,% 14.0 10.0 8.0 6.0

Table 3
The effect of presowing treatment of seeds of corn hybrid Volga 89
MB drug mival on sowing quality of seeds, morphological
indicators of plants and productivity of green mass (LLC "Rotor",
Kikvidzensky District), 2003 Indicators Control (water) The consumption rate of the drug, g / t 6.25 12.5 15.0 20,0 Germination energy,% 88.7 92.8 94.5 75.9 65.3 Germination,% 90.8 95.6 97.2 82,4 71.1 Observations after a week of germination Plant length, cm 5,0 10.1 9.6 5.2 4.2 The length of the main root, cm 7.5 13.5 12.8 7.3 8.8 Mass of 10 plants, g 9.5 18.1 16.5 9.7 9,4 Observations after two weeks of germination Plant length, cm 17.7 37,2 48.0 37.6 31,0 The length of the main root, cm 12,4 24.5 21.0 10.6 19.3 Mass of 10 plants, g 13.6 24.2 27.5 18.3 17.9 Productivity, t / ha 17,2 22.9 23.7 18.5 16.5

Table 4
The effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of corn hybrid Volga 89 MB
drug mival on sowing quality of seeds, morphological
plant indicators and yield of green mass (LLC "Rotor",
Kikvidzensky District), 2003 Indicators Control (water) The consumption rate of the drug, g / t 1,0 5,0 10.0 20,0 Germination energy,% 83,4 78.5 84.7 65,4 70.6 Germination,% 85.8 80.3 87.9 52.1 58.2 Plant length, cm 16.9 25.0 27.1 19.3 23.0 The length of the main root, cm 6.6 11.0 16,2 7.3 9.1 Mass of 10 plants, g 10.7 13.8 20,2 11,2 12.7 Productivity, t / ha 15.9 18.8 20.3 12.1 13.6 The protein content,% 12.8 13.3 13.9 13.1 13.5

Table 5
The effect of pre-sowing treatment of corn seeds hybrid Volga 89 MB
drug mival on sowing quality of seeds, morphological
plant indicators and yield of green mass (LLC "Rotor",
Kikvidzensky District), 2002 Indicators Control (water) The consumption rate of the drug, g / t 11.0 13.5 16,0 18.5 Germination energy,% 83.1 85.3 80.7 90.8 91.6 Germination,% 85.0 87.9 85.5 93,4 94.0 Length of plants, cm 9.1 12,4 10.7 14.5 14.8 The length of the main root, cm 8.7 11.6 8.9 14.1 13.8 Mass of 10 plants, g 13,4 17.3 15,5 19.8 20.6 Productivity, t / ha 15,5 18.2 17.3 19.0 20,2

Table 6
The effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of corn hybrid Volga 89 MB
drug mival on sowing quality of seeds, morphological
plant indicators, yield of dry matter and green mass (LLC
"Rotor", Kikvidzensky district), 2003 Indicators Control (water) The consumption rate of the drug, g / t 15.0 20,0 25.0 30,0 Germination energy,% 85.9 87.5 84.3 90.6 89.8 Germination,% 90.1 91.6 88.7 94.2 92.4 Plant length, cm 10,4 14.6 11.3 18.5 20,2 The length of the main root, cm 5.8 6.7 6.0 9.3 8.8 Mass of 10 plants, g 8.8 10.7 9.6 15.1 13.9 Productivity, t / ha 1.45 1.74 1,58 1.99 1.92 Gross collection of dry matter, t / ha 0.291 0.351 0.325 0.408 0.397 Bubble Smut,% 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Table 7
The effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of corn hybrid Volga 89 MB
drug mival on sowing quality of seeds, morphological
plant indicators and yield of green mass (LLC "Rotor",
Kikvidzensky District), 2003 Indicators Control (water) The consumption rate of the drug, g / t 4,50 6.00 7.50 9.00 Germination energy,% 87.4 88.0 89.2 94.6 88.5 Germination,% 90.1 91.0 93.6 95.3 92.4 Plant length, cm 10,2 11.7 12.0 13.0 13.0 The length of the main root, cm 4.7 5,4 9.7 9.3 7.3 Mass of 10 plants, g 8.37 10.45 10.80 12.60 9.95 Productivity, t / ha 18.7 19.9 22.3 23.5 20.6 The protein content,% 12.6 12.8 13,4 13.7 13,2

Table 8
The effect of presowing seed treatment of maize hybrid Volga 89
MB bischofite solution on the morphological parameters of plants and
green mass productivity, LLC “Rotor” of Kikvidzensky district (average
2002-2004) Indicators Control (water) The concentration of bischofite solution in% of the initial brine thirty 35 40 45 fifty Plant length, cm 16.9 25,2 20.5 19.2 15.3 14.7 Root length, cm 8.0 11.7 6.3 13.3 5.3 9.2 Mass of 10 plants, g 15.1 17.8 12.1 20.8 14.1 12.5 The number of roots per plant, pcs. four 5 four 6 four four Green mass productivity, t / ha 13.5 16.9 15.0 18.6 15.4 13.8

Table 9
The effect of presowing seed treatment of maize hybrid Volga 89
MB drug mival on sowing quality of seeds, morphological
plant indicators and yield of green mass (LLC "Rotor",
Kikvidzensky district). 2002 year Indicators Control (water) The consumption rate of the drug, g / t 11.0 13.5 16,0 18.5 Germination energy,% 83.1 85.3 80.7 90.8 91.6 Germination,% 85.0 87.9 85.5 93,4 94.0 Plant length, cm 9.1 12,4 10.7 14.5 14.8 The length of the main root, cm 8.7 11.6 8.9 14.1 13.8 Mass of 10 plants, g 13,4 17.3 15,5 19.8 20.6 Productivity, t / ha 15,5 18.2 17.3 19.0 20,2

Table 10
The influence of presowing seed treatment of Sudanese grass Kamyshinskaya 44
drug mival on sowing quality of seeds, morphological
indicators of plants and productivity of green mass (in total for two
mowing, OPH “Irrigated”, Gorodishchensky district), 2004 Indicators Control (water) The consumption rate of the drug, g / t 4,50 6.00 7.50 9.00 Germination energy,% 90.2 92.6 93.8 75.0 94.5 Germination,% 91.4 93.0 94.5 70.7 96.1 Plant length, cm 9.6 12.7 12.5 10.5 13.8 The length of the main root, cm 4.0 4.9 6.1 5.1 6.3 Mass of 10 plants, g 0.413 0.550 0.615 0,500 0.610 Productivity, t / ha 35,2 37.6 38.8 32,5 40,4

Claims (1)

The method of presowing treatment of seeds, mainly grain crops, including the processing of seed by growth-activating preparation, characterized in that before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds is carried out with a growth preparation at a dose of 1.0-20.0 g per 1 ton of seeds, then the seeds are germinated for 7 -14 days at a temperature of 20-30 ° C and complete the treatment of the inoculum with a 10-100% bischofite solution of the formula MgCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O, while the consumption rate of the growth and protective preparations is set to 10-15 l per ton of seed Jan