RU2278493C1 - Method for presowing treatment of seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, selection and seed production processes for obtaining of multiple-root sprouts for growing of high-yield sorts of wheat.

SUBSTANCE: method involves treating seeds in two stages: first stage including usage of extract of sprouts of the same crop, and second stage including usage of cultural liquor of green alga Chlorella Vulgaris; producing crop sprouts by germinating seeds until emergence of germs having length at least equal to that of seed and 2-3 cm long roots; extracting roots and germs with water at the rate of 2.5 l per 1 kg of dry seeds for at least 30 min, with extraction treatment being performed by means of surface wetting (soaking). Extract is taken at the rate of 5-7 l per 100 kg of seeds at holding time of 4 hours. Treatment with green alga is performed by soaking seeds for 40-60 min. Seed wetting during germination thereof for producing of extract is also performed with the use of cultural liquor of green alga Chlorella Vulgaris. Seed treatment temperature at both stages is 25-28 C.

EFFECT: increased resistance of seeds to unfavorable factors, ecological safety of seeds, and provision for growing of new high-yield sorts of wheat and increased yield of existing sorts.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in breeding and seed production processes for producing multi-root seedlings for breeding high-yielding wheat varieties and increasing the yield of existing varieties.

Known methods of presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops, providing for the formation on the seeds of polymer films, including fillers of pesticides, selective and complex action against diseases and pests (seed jitter).

However, these methods have a significant drawback, namely:

the paucity of germinal roots. The number of germinal roots in wheat seedlings does not exceed 3-7 pcs. While this indicator is one of the characteristics of the variety.

In addition, with a lack of moisture in the soil, subordinate, nodal roots develop very weakly or do not form at all. In this regard, the role of germinal roots is significantly increased [1].

There is a method of presowing treatment of seeds, including treating them first with a mercury-containing granosane compound, and after 20-40 days the seeds are germinated on potato agar with the addition of 0.01 N HCl (fixed hydrochloric acid) for 5-9 days [2].

The disadvantage of this method is the use of toxic mercury-containing compounds, banned for use as a protectant.

The technical result is an increase in crop yields due to the additional formation of color roots, increasing the resistance of wheat plants to adverse factors by deepening the tillering seed and ensuring environmental safety of the grain.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of pre-sowing seed treatment, including two-stage treatment, in the first stage, an extract from seedlings of the same culture is used for seed treatment, obtained by germinating the seeds until sprouts of at least seed length and roots 2-3 cm long, s subsequent extraction with water at a rate of 2.5 liters per 1 kg of dry seeds for at least 30 minutes, while the seeds are processed by extraction by means of surface wetting (wetting) at the rate of 5-7 liters of extraction per 1 centner seed it was held for 4 hours, and in the second stage is used for seed treatment liquid culture of the green alga Chlorella Vulgaris, treatment is performed by soaking the seeds for 40-60 minutes. Humidification of the seeds during germination to obtain the extract is carried out with Chlorella Vulgaris culture fluid, and the temperature of seed treatment at both stages is 25-28 ° C.

The method is as follows.

To obtain an extract, donor seeds of the same culture, for example winter wheat, are used. The seeds are soaked in water at a temperature of 18-20 ° C, then they are laid out on trays with a layer of 1 cm and covered with moistened gauze in two layers.

The seeds are germinated at a temperature of 23-25 ° C until sprouts of not less than the length of the seed and roots 2-3 cm long. During germination, the seeds are periodically moistened with Chlorella Vulgaris culture fluid and mixed to uniformly moisturize.

Sprouted seeds are extracted with water at the rate of 2.5 liters of water per 1 kg of dry seeds for at least 30 minutes.

The culture fluid is obtained by culturing the green alga Chlorella Vulgaris to a suspension density of at least 80-90 million cells in 1 ml. Then the culture fluid is separated from the biomass of algae.

Seeds of winter wheat are treated with an extract from germinated seeds at the rate of 5-7 liters of extract per 1 kg of seeds. It is kept for 4 hours, after which it is soaked in Chlorella Vulgaris culture fluid for 40-60 minutes. The temperature of the seed treatment at both stages is maintained at 25-28 ° C.

Studies were carried out in laboratory conditions and in vegetation vessels.

In Petri dishes, on day 4–7, most seedlings of wheat swell greatly in coleorisis and bulge protrudes, most of which start to grow and form into coleoric roots. This occurs simultaneously with the emergence and development of typical germinal roots.

The research results are presented in the table.

Table Wheat variety The number of primary roots in wheat seedlings (pcs.), With a dormant period 1 year 2 years 3 years No processing According to the proposed method No processing According to the proposed method No processing According to the proposed method Don 93 4-5 7-9 4-5 7-9 5-6 10-11 Don Lighthouse 5-6 6-9 5-6 9-10 6-7 11-12 Stanichnaya 6-7 14-15 6-7 14-15 6-7 16-17

As the data in the table show, the effectiveness of the proposed method increases with increasing shelf life.

With conventional wheat cultivation technology, the seed sowing depth is 5-6 cm, while the depth of laying the tillering node is 0.5-3 cm from the soil surface.

Plants of winter varieties with such a small occurrence of a tillering node cannot tolerate severe frosts. At a temperature of -17 ° C at the indicated depth, the tillering nodes freeze out and the plants die completely.

In the case of drought during the formation of a tillering node at a depth of 0.5-3 cm, the secondary stems do not grow, the nodal roots do not develop, so the plants are forced to eat exclusively due to germinal roots. As a result, yields are sharply reduced.

In this regard, part of the seeds after treatment by the proposed method were sown in vegetation vessels. On day 14-15, the depth of tillering site was determined.

As a result of research, it was found that the proposed method for pre-sowing seed treatment in the bulk contributes to the deepening of the tillering site by 1.5 times compared to the control (without treatment).

Each of the stages of the proposed method of seed treatment is a trigger mechanism to stimulate the formation of coleoric roots. However, the combination of both stages enhances the impact in this direction and provides a more pronounced effect.

The advantage of the claimed method is the development of a powerful root system, which allows to increase the yield of agricultural. crops, deepening the tillering node, which increases the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors and obtaining environmentally friendly grain.

The technological mode of the proposed solution is optimal both for extracting with a maximum content of biologically active substances, and Chlorella Vulgaris culture fluid and their effect on seeds, which ensures the effectiveness of the method.

Information sources

1. Intensive technology for the production of winter wheat / Comp. Yu.A. Nikitin, P.N.Burchenko, K.S. Ormanji. - M. Rosselkhozizdat, 1988, p. 54.

2. SU 925259, A 01 C 1/00, publ. 05/07/82.

Claims (1)

A method for pre-sowing seed treatment, including their two-stage treatment, characterized in that in the first stage for extracting seeds, an extract from seedlings of the same culture is used, obtained by germinating seeds until sprouts of at least seed length and roots of 2-3 cm, followed by extraction with water at the rate of 2.5 liters per 1 kg of dry seeds for at least 30 minutes, while the seeds are processed by extraction by means of surface wetting (wetting) at the rate of 5-7 liters of extraction per 1 kg of seeds with exposure for 4 hours, and second of the second stage, Chlorella Vulgaris green algae culture liquid is used, the treatment is carried out by soaking the seeds for 40-60 minutes, and the seeds are moistened during germination to obtain an extract with Chlorella Vulgaris culture liquid, and the seed treatment temperature at both stages is 25-28 ° FROM.