RU2452165C1 - Planting unit with of grain drill with centralised dosing of seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit comprises receiving chambers, a metering device on the drive shaft, loading and unloading windows. The metering device is made in the form of two pairs of cylinders attached to the drive shaft with an ability to rotate at different rates. On the inner surfaces of the cylinders multithread flat wraps are placed on the helical lines. In one pair of cylinders the wraps are made with the left-hand spiraling and in the other - with the right hand. The bases of the outer cylinders are put on the end parts of the receiving chambers. Between pairs of the cylinders a U-shaped shield with an unloading window is mounted. The agitators are mounted on the end parts of the drive shaft.

EFFECT: invention enables to prevent damage of seeds and increase the uniformity of seeding in slopes.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in grain seeders with centralized seed metering.

State of the art

Known metering device, including a receiving chamber, a metering device in the form of a screw with a casing, a drive shaft, an unloading window. The turns of the screw separate the seeds into portions and push them from the receiving chamber to the discharge window (Mechanization and Electrification of Agricultural Production. / A.P. Tarasenko, V.N. Solntsev et al. - M .: Kolos, 2002. - P.222 ... 223 )

It has the following disadvantages. Seeds during screw operation are pushed in turns, rub against the casing, which increases their internal stress and leads to damage, crumbling and, ultimately, loss of germination. Uniform feeding of the screw is required, which requires an additional feeding device. In addition, under roll conditions, the auger feed is reduced. With a roll of up to 8 °, the feed rate either increases or decreases by 4-5%, depending on which direction the seeder is tilted, which does not satisfy the agrotechnical requirements.

Known seed drill apparatus, including a receiving chamber, a metering device, consisting of a grooved coil connected to the drive shaft, an unloading window (Agricultural and land reclamation machines. / N.I. Klenin, V.A. Skakun. - M .: Kolos, 1994 - S.208 ... 209).

The disadvantage of the sowing apparatus is the damage to the seeds during sowing. Seeds during the operation of the coil are pushed from the loading zone to the discharge window. There is a process of abrasion of seeds on the surface of the body, and crumbling in the gaps between the coil and the body. Damage reaches 2.5 ... 4.0%. For sowing different crops, depending on the size of the seeds, different coils are required, which is inconvenient in operation.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a sowing apparatus, comprising a housing, a ring with inner ribs, a drive shaft with a disk having cutouts. Moving the disc controls the number of seeds sown. This indicator is also regulated by changing the speed of the ring. When the shaft rotates, the seeds rise in a ring and go outside in its open part under the influence of gravity in the form of a grain stream (Seeders for sowing seeds of row crops. / N.E. Rudenko. - Stavropol: publishing house StGAU "AGRUS". 2005. - S.28 ... 29).

The disadvantages of the sowing apparatus are the abrasion of seeds on a fixed wall of the housing and the unevenness of sowing during slopes in both longitudinal and transverse planes.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is reduced to the exclusion of mechanical pushing and crumbling effects on the seeds, reducing their damage. Seeds move freely along the axis due to gravitational forces using a helical surface.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the sowing apparatus of the grain seeder includes receiving chambers with loading windows connected to the seed hopper. The metering device consists of two pairs of cylinders fixed on the drive shaft, while between the inner and outer cylinders the pairs are arranged with helical multi-start flat turns, in one of the pairs of cylinders the turns are with left-hand winding, and in the other with right-hand. The bases of the outer cylinders are worn on the end parts of the receiving chambers. A shield with an unloading window is installed between the cylinder pairs. The metering device is rotatable at different frequencies. Tedders are mounted on the end parts of the drive shafts.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the sowing apparatus of a grain seeder with a centralized dosage of seeds, front view;

figure 2 is a General view of one pair of cylinders of the metering device;

figure 3 is a diagram of the movement of seeds in a metering device;

figure 4 is a General view of the sowing apparatus.

The implementation of the invention

The sowing apparatus of a grain seeder with centralized seed metering consists of receiving chambers 1 and 2 (Fig. 1) connected to a seed hopper 3 and installed between them by shutters 4, a metering device including two pairs of cylinders 6 and 7 mounted on the drive shaft 5 The bases of the outer cylinders of 8 pairs of cylinders 6 and 7 are worn on the end parts of the receiving chambers 1 and 2. The inner cylinders of 9 pairs of cylinders 6 and 7 are mounted on the drive shaft 5. Between the outer 8 and inner 9 cylinders of pairs 6 and 7 are evenly spaced around screw l SRI multistart flat coils 10, the paired cylinders 6 turns with the left-side winding, and a pair of cylinders 7 - with right (Figure 2). The number of visits of the flat turns 10 depends on the required performance of the metering unit. The drive shaft 5 is supported by a bearing assembly 11 on which the driven sprocket 12 is located. Between the pairs of cylinders 6 and 7 there is a U-shaped shield 13 with an unloading window 14, which is connected to the pneumatic pipe 15.

The transmission to the drive shaft 5 is carried out from the support wheel of the grain seeder (not shown in Figs. 1 and 4). Changing the gear ratio, you can change the speed of the drive shaft 5. At the ends of the drive shaft 5 are tedders 16.

The technological process carried out by the sowing apparatus is as follows.

During the movement of the grain seeder, rotation is transmitted from the support wheel shaft with the required gear ratio to the drive shaft 5 and a pair of cylinders 6 and 7 of the metering device. Seeds from the hopper 3 with the open shutter 4 fall into the receiving chambers 1 and 2, from which they flow by gravity to the flat turns of 10 pairs of cylinders 6 and 7. Seeds that fall into the spaces formed by the flat turns 10 and the pairs of cylinders 6 and 7 when the drive rotates shaft 5, rise at a speed of V _n . When the value of the angle of friction is reached, the seeds begin to move along flat turns 10 down under the action of gravity, gravitational descent works. Since the flat turns 10 are made along helical lines with an inclination angle α (Fig. 3), the seeds simultaneously move down with a relative speed V ₀ . As a result of the vector addition of these speeds, the absolute speed of movement of seeds is determined from the expression:

Due to the fact that two pairs of cylinders 6 and 7 are installed with different winding directions, with a transverse tilt of the seeder, one cylinder will compensate for a decrease in the feed of the other. Tedders 16 provide a continuous flow of seeds to cylinders 6 and 7.

The seed supply W by the sowing apparatus is determined from the expression:

where D, d are the diameters of the outer and inner cylinders, m; K _Z is the number of turns of the coil, pcs; n is the cylinder speed, s ^-1 ; q - bulk density of seeds, kg / m ³ ; α is the angle of inclination of the helix of the coil, degrees; δ ₁ , δ ₂ - coefficient. decrease or increase feed depending on the transverse roll of the seeder.

As can be seen from formula (2), the main factors affecting the productivity and uniformity of seed supply of the sowing apparatus are directly dependent on: cylinder diameter, number of turns of turns, cylinder speed, angle of inclination of the helix of turns.

The required feed must correspond to the seed rate:

where V is the working speed of the seeder, m / s; b - seeder width, m; H - seeding rate, kg / ha;

For example, with b = 8.6 m; V = 2 m / s; H = 200 kg / ha; ⇒ W _T = 0.34 kg / s.

Conducted laboratory experiments showed the high efficiency of the sowing apparatus.

The invention in comparison with prototypes has the following advantages:

- the absence of mechanical effects on the seeds and thereby the exclusion of their damage;

- simplicity of design, versatility, the ability to use for sowing seeds of various crops;

- the possibility of the grain seeder in fields with a slope of up to 8 °.

Claims (4)

1. The sowing apparatus of a grain seeder with centralized metering of seeds, including receiving chambers, a metering device, a drive shaft, loading and unloading windows, characterized in that the metering device is made in the form of two pairs of cylinders fixed to the drive shaft, while between the inner and outer cylinders multi-start flat coils are arranged along helical lines, in one pair of cylinders, coils with left-hand winding, and in the other pair, with right-hand coils, and the bases of the outer cylinders are worn on the end parts of the receiver x cameras. 2. The sowing apparatus of the grain seeder with centralized seed metering according to claim 1, characterized in that between the pairs of cylinders a U-shaped shield with an unloading window is installed. 3. The sowing apparatus of a grain seeder with centralized seed metering according to claim 1, characterized in that the metering device is made to rotate at different frequencies. 4. The sowing apparatus of a grain seeder with centralized dosing of seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that tedders are installed on the end parts of the drive shaft.

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