RU2461171C2 - Spool planting unit for small grain cultures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit includes a body, a spool and a damper. On the outer cylindrical surface of the spool there are from 14 to 18 ribs, forming sloped helical grooves. The grooves are placed at an acute angle of 12 … 17° to the center line of the spool. The volume of the grooves is made multiple to the planted seeds size. Cross sectional area of grooves is from 6 to 7.5 mm². The diameter of the projections is less than the outer diameter of end collars of the spool.

EFFECT: use of the invention enables to carry out high-quality seeding of small grain crops with a uniform distribution of seeds over the area of nutrition and with the reduction of injury.

3 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to reel apparatus for sowing small-seeded crops (grass mixtures, clover, fescue).

Known sowing devices in the form of coils with ribs and couplings, spring-loaded valves and sockets with slots (Karpenko A.N., Khalansky V.M. Agricultural machines. - M .: Kolos, 1983. A.S. SU No. 1746920, АСС 7/04, July 15, 1992). However, such devices give a pulsating flow of seeds, do not provide their continuous supply, allow the loss of small seeds in the gaps between the coil and the housing, which reduces the stability of the sowing process.

Known coil metering device according to the patent for invention SU No. 1759277, AC 7/12 from 09/07/1992 in the form of a coil with grooves and an upper valve. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low quality of sowing, due to the instability of the size of the active layer of seeds coming from the hopper, since the design of the parameters of the grooves is not solved.

Known coil metering device according to patent for invention RU No. 2343676, АСС 7/12 dated 01/20/2009, characterized in that the grooves of the coil alternately converge and diverge to the width of the groove in the left and right parts of the coil. Such a design cannot create a uniform active layer of seeds, since such grooves are stepped and create a pulsating flow of seeds, seed accumulation invariably alternates with their passes.

Known coil metering device according to the patent for invention RU No. 2384040, АСС 7/12 dated 03/20/2010, the grooves (ribs) of the coil of which are made along a helical line at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° to the axial line of the coil. Placing the grooves at such an angle somewhat reduces the pulsating flow of grain, but does not exclude it and therefore does not ensure uniformity and continuity of dosing. In this case, the parameters of the grooves of the helical curve (pitch, shape, size of ribs, number of runs, etc.) are not given, and only straight grooves (ribs) can be produced at an angle of 18 ... 22 ° to the center line of the coil, but we will get a grooved coil with inclined teeth (grooves), which is characterized by a pulsating flow and uneven distribution of seeds in the field.

Known coil-paddle sowing apparatus according to patent RU No. 2316930 dated 08.06.2006, comprising a housing with a coil installed therein with blades fixed at an angle α to the axis of rotation of the coil, determined from the equation tgα = C / B, where C is the maximum seed size, and B - coil width.

The disadvantage of this solution is the uncertain seed volume carried out by the blades, which is structurally and technologically unjustified, since the space between the blades (cells) will be filled with different quantities of seeds coming from the hopper, therefore, the seed sowing rate cannot be ensured, while the gap between the body and the ends of the blades, the seeds will accumulate, crush and be lost, which is unacceptable. To make a coil with blades according to the formula tgα = C / B is expensive in view of the many small seeded crops with different seed sizes, and size C is not justified.

Known sowing apparatus (AS USSR No. 1313370, A01C 7/12 from 05/30/1987 and No. 1477280 from 05/07/1989), containing a housing with a coaxial coupling with a rib, grooved coil, socket and installed therein below it is a bottom (valve), pivotally connected from the side of the outlet with a flap having a groove. The carrier enters the groove attached to the coupling. The carrier and the flap with a groove form a rocker mechanism that allows you to automatically change the geometry of the bottom during axial movement of the coil. The disadvantages of this sowing apparatus include the uneven distribution of small seeds over the sifting area due to pulsating sowing, as well as the difficulty in manufacturing and operating such a sowing apparatus, and low reliability of its operation. All this leads to a decrease in crop yields.

A known sowing apparatus for small seeds (AS USSR No. 1304769, A01C 7/12 of 04/23/1989), in which the coil is made in the form of a truncated cone, along the blades of which small seeds should roll down to the base and thrown out the window . However, the seeds during rotation of the blades by centrifugal force will rise up from the window and no seed rate will be maintained.

Closest to this invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved technological result (prototype) is the patent for the invention "Bobbin sowing apparatus for sowing small-seeded crops, including amaranth" RU No. 2202164, A01C 7/12 from 04/20/2003, in which a grooved coil, a coupling, a washer with a fine-toothed profile having cells with front and rear faces conjugated in a circular arc shape are mounted on the drive shaft.

The disadvantage of the described prototype is the unreasonable complexity of the design of the apparatus, which leads to jamming of the seeds of the fine fraction in the profile of the toothed cutting, which leads to loss of seeds (cost) and uneven distribution of seeds along the length of the sowing row. In addition, this design does not provide a strict dosage of seed supply to the vas deferens, is unacceptable when sowing small norms up to 3 kg / ha.

The proposed reel metering device for small seed crops will eliminate the above disadvantages by:

1. improving the quality of sowing seeds through the use of a helical sowing reel with end collars, the uniform distribution of seeds over the area of nutrition and the exclusion of their injury to more fully use their genetic potential;

2. reduce the seeding rates of expensive seeds, such as fescue, seeds of medicinal plants and other crops with a similar structure, the size of the seeds is larger than the gap between the diameter of the coil and the housing.

The task of creating a reel seeding apparatus for small seeded crops is achieved by placing on the outer cylindrical surface of the helical grooves inclined to the axis of rotation of the coil of the grooves at an angle α = 12 ... 17 °, with a volume multiple to the size of the sown seeds, with a cross-sectional area S = 6 ... 7.5 mm ² placed on the coil diameter катК = (A + C) / sinα, where α = 180 / z, A is the width of the groove, C is the width of the tooth, with the number of grooves Z from 14 to 18, forming profile helical grooves of height h = (1.2 ... 1.5) L, the radius of the circumference of the valleys of the grooves R = 1.75 ... 2 mm, seal end boiling turners ⌀B = D + L, a coil diameter greater than the diameter ⌀B = ⌀K + L, greater coil diameter (⌀B> ⌀K) wherein L - the maximum size of the seed.

The helical shape of the grooves forms a connected active layer of seed, which ensures the formation of a continuous uniform flow of seeds. The use of end collars in the coil allows forming in the enclosed space the grooves of the specified parameters determined by the size of the seeds and the rate of sowing. Damage to the seed is prevented by a constant gap Δ between the coil and the housing, as well as an insulated space formed between the side surfaces of the end collars having a diameter ⌀B greater than the diameter of the coil ⌀K.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a reel seeding apparatus for small seeded crops.

Figure 2 - design of the metering coil.

Figure 3 is a structural diagram of the groove.

The spool metering device for small seeded crops (hereinafter the apparatus) consists (Figs. 1 ... 3) of a housing (right 1 and left 2) made of polymer material and tightened with screws 3 with nuts 4 to form a diameter ⌀D, inside which the metering coil is installed 5, located on the shaft 6. A distinctive feature of the apparatus is the simplicity of design (three main parts with one rotating coil), due to their high accuracy class (not lower than 7) of manufacture. The metering coil 5 with spikes 7 installed in the nests of the housings 1, 2 with a minimum clearance Δ = 0.2 ... 0.3 mm, has sealing end collars 8 that cover the grooves 9, made along radius R of width A and a, determined by size seeds with a cross-sectional area of 6 to 7.5 mm ² . The metering coil 5 is installed with spikes 7 in the housings 1, 2, and an internal square of size e on the drive shaft 6.

This design of the coil 5 allows it to be tightly pressed by the end collars 8 to the housings 1, 2, to prevent the ingress of seeds between them and their damage. On the sowing coil 5 there are helical grooves 9 with a profile shape made along a radius R of a size of 0.5 ... 0.7 of the diameter of the sown seeds and placed on a diameter of FC less than the diameter of the end faces of the coil ⌀Б (⌀К <⌀Б).

A seed tube (not shown) is attached to the lower flange of the metering housings 1, 2, through which the seeds enter the coulter.

In the upper part of the body on special bolts 10, 11 (Fig. 1), a spacer is installed, in the groove of which a slide 12 is placed. The slide 12 serves to stop or adjust the seed supply.

The multi-seed reel sowing device works as follows: the seeds coming through the vas deferens from the seeder tank into the space around the coil 5 and the meter body 1, 2 move with an angular velocity ω and transport the active seed layer placed between the teeth with the grooves of the coil 5 and the body of a certain volume, due to the geometrical parameters of the grooves, dumps it at the end into the funnel of the vas deferens. This design allows you to evenly drop seeds of small-seeded crops into the vas deferens, which determines the best conditions for the development of plants.

Injury to the seeds is prevented by a minimum clearance of 0.2 ... 0.3 mm between the ends of the coil 5, its teeth and the housing 1, 2.

Changing the seeding rate can only be done by changing the angular speed of rotation of the coil, by changing the speed of the drive shaft 6. It is possible to change the seeding rate by changing the cross section of the receiving window by extending the gate 12.

The use of this reel screw sowing apparatus allows to reduce the complexity of adjustment work, to carry out high-quality sowing of the material with a uniform and accurate distribution over the feeding area and with the reduction of their injury, thereby creating the opportunity to economically use the seed material, make full use of the genetic potential of each seed and get a high yield, while reducing the cost of cultivating crops.

Claims (3)

1. The coil metering device, comprising a housing, a coil and a gate, characterized in that from 14 to 18 ribs are placed on the outer cylindrical surface of the coil, forming inclined helical grooves placed at an acute angle of 12 - 17 ° to the center line of the coil with a multiple of size sown seeds with a cross-sectional area of 6 to 7.5 mm ² , and the diameter of the protrusions of the grooves is less than the outer diameter of the end faces of the coil. 2. The coil metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves of the coil are made in a radius equal to 0.5 - 0.7 of the diameter of the metering seed. 3. The coil metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is detachable, consisting of two parts, and the coil is installed with a minimum clearance of 0.2 - 0.3 mm between its teeth and the surface of the detachable housing.

Images