RU2515724C1 - Device for seeding non-free running seeds of fodder plants and method of seeding implemented using this device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of seeding lies in forced delivery of seeds through the outer spirals of left and right winding to the central injector, supply of seed material to the coil by forced movement of the injector and forced throwing them to the seed tubes. In addition, the seeds are fed by additional outer and inner spirals with a smaller diameter but a bigger pitch, with the left and right winding to the end injectors and seeding wheels with the seed tubes. The seeds are fed through all spirals to the injectors under high pressure with the possibility of formation from unsown seeds of flows in directions opposite the directions to their feeding. The device for implementing the method of seeding comprises a hopper, a seed tube, a shaft with the outer spirals of left and right winding, feeding the seeds to the seeding wheel and spirals of smaller diameter. The coil is located in the middle part of the hopper and has an injector located above it. Moreover, the hopper additionally comprises two seeding wheels with injectors, two outer spirals of left and right winding and seed tubes. At that the seeding wheels with injectors are mounted on the edges of the hopper at its end walls. The spirals of smaller diameter are mounted inside the additional outer spirals of left and right winding, each of which feeds the seeds to its end seeding wheel, and made with the ability of greater pitch and the same winding, compared with the respective additional outer spirals of the left and right winding.

EFFECT: destruction in the initial phase of seeding process of emerged domes and prevents their further emergence.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for sowing non-loose seeds of fodder plants and the method of sowing carried out by this device.

State of the art

Known grass seeder for sowing seeds of wild herbs, including separate containers for seeds, inside of which are mounted screw tedders and sowing spools-coils, as well as mouthpieces for attaching seed tubes to them, while in the process of operation the screw blades simultaneously carry out tedding and forced feeding of the sown material movement to the sprockets, which also carry out seeding with their hooks (see US patent No. 4030428, MKI A01C 5/00). The disadvantages of this seeder are:

- the complexity of the design of containers for seeds;

- high energy intensity of the processes of tedding and supply of seed material to sowing stars;

- seeding instability associated with the cyclical operation of seed tedders.

Also known is a rotary sowing apparatus of a buoyant action (forced movement), including a rotor shaft, a drive sprocket, a rotor with rubberized blades, blades for tedding seeds and feeding them to the rotor and a sowing hole with a shutter, while the distinctive features of the apparatus in question are forced movements as the supply of non-flowing seeds with the blades to the rotor, so by pushing them through the sowing hole (see the dissertation of the candidate of technical sciences T.M. Musaev: Research and substantiation of the parameters of the sowing apparatus Sowing the seeds of desert and semi-desert forage plants -. Tashkent, 1967).

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the lack of a metering device in the form of a coil, so the sowing process is reduced to periodically pushing out portions containing different amounts of seeds.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive result and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a sowing device and a sowing method carried out by this device, including a hopper, inside of which a blower, screw agitators and activator springs are placed on the shaft, and activator springs and screw agitators are installed on both sides of the supercharger. During the operation of the device, low-flowing and non-flowing seeds by activating springs are forced to move to the supercharger, and screw agitators, having reverse winding, move them in the opposite way in the same way, thereby maintaining the loose state of the material inside the activators.

Subsequently, the supercharger forces the seed to be sowed into the seed box, from where the sowing coil forcibly rakes the seeds and throws them into the seed tube. As a result, continuous sowing of seed material is achieved (see AS SU No. 14477306, class A01C 7/00, publ. 12/30/1988. Bull. No. 48). The disadvantage of this device and method is the instability of the total sowing of seeds, for example, with a full hopper of a bar of sand, variation coefficient V = 4.5%, and when filling it by 1/3 of the volume, V = 19.3% (see thesis. Maliev V.Kh. technical science: Development of methods and technical means for prototyping semi-desert pastures (Zernograd: VNIPTIMESKH, 1996).

Similar results were obtained by M.A. Arslanov when sowing also a rod with the use of spirals and superchargers (see the abstract. Day ... candidate of technical science: Arslanov, M.A. Design parameters of the sowing part of the seeder for sowing non-flowing grass seeds in a wide-row way: abstract of diss. .n. / Dagestan State Agricultural Academy. - Nalchik. - 2007).

Such performance indicators of the sowing systems and methods of sowing, carried out by them, are unacceptable according to the agrotechnical requirements for the sowing process.

The noted general disadvantages of sowing devices and methods for sowing non-flowing seeds of fodder plants carried out by them are related to the fact that the working bodies of the machines used (agitators and blowers) act on the sown material mainly in the transverse vertical plane, as a result of which most of it in the hopper is in a stagnant state, especially between sowing machines, so it is impossible to achieve sustainable sowing.

The noted disadvantages are compounded with an increase in the seeder hopper volume, which requires the use of a more energy-intensive device for tedding the seeds.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a device for sowing loose seeds of fodder plants and a sowing method, carried out using this device, with an increase in the overall stability of sowing regardless of the thickness of the seed layer in the hopper, reducing the unevenness of sowing between the individual coils, simplifying the design of the device and reducing the energy consumption of the sowing process .

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention is to increase the overall stability of sowing, reduce the unevenness of sowing between the individual coils, simplify the design of the device and reduce the energy consumption of the sowing process.

The technical result is achieved using a device for sowing loose seeds of fodder plants containing a hopper, a shaft with external spirals of the left and right windings feeding seeds to the metering coil located in the middle of the hopper, with a supercharger located above the metering coil, spirals of a smaller diameter, and the seed tube, while the hopper is additionally equipped with two metering coils with blowers, two external spirals of the left and right windings and seed tubes, and the metering coils with blowers mounted on the edges of the hopper, at its end walls, and spirals of a smaller diameter are installed inside additional external spirals of the left and right windings, each of which feeds seeds to its own end seed metering coil, and are made with the possibility of a larger step and the same winding compared to the corresponding additional outer spirals of the left and right windings.

The technical result is achieved using the method of sowing loose seeds of fodder plants, including the forced delivery of their external spirals of the left and right windings to the central supercharger, the supply of seed to the coil by forced movement of the supercharger and their subsequent forced discharge into the vas deferens, while the seeds are supplied with additional external and internal spirals with a smaller, but large pitch, spirals with left and right windings to end blowers and seed coils with vas deferens water, wherein the seeds fed all spirals supercharger under high pressure to form a flow occurs to an unsown out in directions opposite to their delivery to fracture during the initial stage of process of seeding any arches and preventing their appearance in the future.

The essence of the invention is achieved using a device for sowing loose seeds of fodder plants and a sowing method, carried out using this device containing a hopper, a shaft with external spirals of the left and right windings and a three-blade supercharger located above the metering coil in the middle of the hopper, and seed tube. Moreover, the hopper is additionally equipped with two more metering coils with three-bladed superchargers and spirals of smaller diameter, and the metering coils with three-bladed superchargers are installed at the edges of the hopper, at its end walls, and spirals of a smaller diameter are installed inside the outer spirals of the left and right windings and are made with the possibility of a larger steps compared to the outer spirals of the left and right windings, while the seeds are delivered to the sowing coil installed in the middle of the hopper with two outer sp ralyami left and right winding. The same diameter, but along one spiral, are used to transport the seed to the coils installed along the edges of the hopper, inside which spirals of a smaller diameter, but the same winding, are additionally mounted, so that as a result they deliver the same amount of seeds to the coils as to the coil, installed in the middle of the hopper.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a device for sowing non-flowing seeds of fodder plants, a diagram of a longitudinal section of a device for sowing non-flowing seeds of fodder plants, a front view of the seed coils, spirals and blowers.

Figure 2 is the same, the cross-sectional diagram of a device for sowing non-loose seeds of fodder plants, end view of the same elements.

The implementation of the invention

A device for sowing non-flowing seeds of fodder plants for implementing the method of sowing non-flowing seeds of fodder plants contains a hopper 1, a shaft 2 with a three-bladed supercharger 3 installed in the middle of the hopper, while it is additionally equipped with two three-bladed superchargers 3 installed on the edges of the hopper, external spirals 4 left and right windings, respectively, for transporting seeds 5 to three-bladed blowers installed along the edges of the hopper 1, while the hopper 1 is also additionally equipped with spirals 6 of a smaller diameter, but of the same winding as the outer spirals 4, and installed inside the outer spirals 4 of the left and right windings and transporting seeds 5 to the three-bladed blowers 3, installed along the edges of the hopper 1, and the pitch of the spirals 6 is greater than the pitch of the outer spirals 4, with this, seeds 5 to the middle three-bladed supercharger 3 are delivered by two spirals 7 of the left and right windings, respectively, the device also contains a shaft 8, a seed coil 9 with a box (in FIG. not indicated), installed in the middle of the hopper, gears 10 and 11, an asterisk 12. The device is additionally equipped with two coils 9 with seed boxes 5 and three-blade blowers 3, and the boxes have slots 13 and 14 for ejecting seeds 5 into the seed tubes ( in Fig. not shown), and three sowing coils 9 with boxes and three-bladed superchargers 3 are mounted on the shaft 8, two of which are located at the end walls of the hopper 1, and the shaft 2 of the three-blown superchargers 3 and the shaft 8 of the sowing coils 9 are driven through gears 1 0 and 11 with an asterisk 12, and three-bladed superchargers 3 are mounted above the metering coils 9. To the metering coil 9 installed in the middle of the hopper 1, seeds 5 are delivered by two external spirals 7 of the left and right windings, of the same diameter, but are used for one spiral transporting the sowing material to coils 9 installed along the edges of the hopper 1, inside of which spirals 6 of smaller diameter, but the same winding, are additionally mounted, so that as a result they deliver the same number of seeds 5 to the coils 9 as to the cat flange 9 mounted in the middle of the hopper 1.

A device for sowing non-flowing seeds of forage plants, the method of sowing is as follows.

After loading seeds 5 into the hopper 1 and turning on the shaft drive 2 with gears 10 and 11 through the sprocket 12, the left and right winding spirals 4 and 6, the seed begins to move to the three-blade superchargers 3 installed along the edges of the hopper 1, and the left and right winding spirals 7 - to a three-bladed supercharger 3 installed in the middle of the hopper, after which the superchargers 3 force-fill all the boxes, and the coils 9 also force the seeds through the slots 13 and 14 into the seed tubes.

The excess material delivered to the three-bladed superchargers 3, that is, the part that is not sown, accumulates at the end walls of the hopper 1 and above the three-bladed supercharger 3, installed in the middle of the hopper, and then rises first and then unfolds along the hopper in opposite directions its movement to the metering coils 9. In the future, this process proceeds continuously until the emptying of the hopper 1.

The seeding method carried out by this device proceeds as follows.

Example. Seeds 5 are transported to three-bladed superchargers 3 with a high pressure, as a result of which the main part is not sown, accumulating above three-bladed superchargers 3, and then gradually rises and begins to move in the opposite direction along the hopper 1 at some angle to its bottom (in Fig. not indicated), the direction of movement of the seeds 5 in Fig. 1 is shown by arrows, destroying the arches of seeds 5 formed above the joints of the spirals 4 and 7.

процесс высева семян 5 протекает стабильно, при этом общая устойчивость высева и неравномерность высева между отдельными катушками 9 удовлетворяет агротехническим требованиям к высеву. Лабораторные исследования по высеву семян 5 прутняка простертого предлагаемым способом и высевающим устройством для его осуществления подтвердили показатели работы, отмеченные выше.Studies conducted on the sowing of the seeds of the barbell Prostrata (Kochia Prostrata (L.) Schrad) showed that with a ratio of the productivity of spirals 4, 6 and 7 (W _cn ) and coils 9 (W _c ) $$\frac{W\mathrm{from}P}{W\mathrm{to}}=2.0...2.5$$

the process of sowing seeds 5 proceeds stably, while the overall stability of sowing and uneven sowing between the individual coils 9 meets the agrotechnical requirements for sowing. Laboratory studies on the sowing of seeds of 5 thistle prostrate by the proposed method and the sowing device for its implementation confirmed the performance indicators noted above.

When the device is turned on, the outer spirals 4 and 7 of the left and right windings force the seeds 5 to the three-bladed blowers 3, which also force the boxes to be filled with seeds 5, and the coils 9 rake the seeds to be sown in the same way (not shown) with their ribs in the vas deferens. After a certain time, in the hopper 1 above the joints of the spirals 4 and 7, moving the material in different directions, and above the three-bladed blowers 3, vaults of seeds 5 are formed, leading to the termination of the sowing process, which is typical for the regime when the productivity of spirals 4, 6 and 7 and coils 9 are in the following ratio W _sp ≤W _k , and if W _sp ≥W _k , then vaults of seeds 5 occur only above the joints of spirals 4 and 7, which also causes interruptions in seeding, and using the proposed method, the noted undesirable effects in process e sowing seeds 5.

Based on the proposed device and the implementation of the sowing method, it can be used to develop seeders with different working widths for tractors of different traction class.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- increasing the stability of the total seeding of seeds;

- reduction of uneven seeding between individual coils;

- simplification of the design of the device;

- reduction in the energy intensity of the sowing process due to the fact that there is no longer a need for working bodies for tedding the sowing material in the hopper.

Claims (2)

1. A device for sowing non-flowing seeds of fodder plants, containing a hopper, a shaft with external spirals of the left and right winding, feeding seeds to the metering coil located in the middle of the hopper, with a supercharger located above the metering coil, spirals of a smaller diameter, and seed tube, characterized the fact that the hopper is additionally equipped with two metering coils with superchargers, two external spirals of the left and right windings and vas deferens, moreover, the metering coils with superchargers are installed at the edges of the hopper end walls, and spirals of a smaller diameter are installed inside additional external spirals of the left and right windings, each of which feeds seeds to its own end seed metering coil, and are made with the possibility of a larger step and the same winding in comparison with the corresponding additional external spirals of the left and right windings. 2. The method of sowing non-flowing seeds of fodder plants, including the forced delivery of their external spirals of the left and right windings to the central blower, the supply of seed to the coil by forced movement of the blower and their subsequent forced discharge into the seed tubes, characterized in that the seeds are supplied with additional external and internal smaller diameter, but large step, spirals with left and right winding to the end blowers and sowing coils with vas deferens, and the seeds are served by all Piraly to superchargers under high pressure, with the formation of occurs to an unsown seed flows in directions opposite to their delivery to fracture during the initial stage of process of seeding any arches and preventing their appearance in the future.

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