RU2332264C2 - Generator of fine materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: proposed generator of fine material is designed for providing for investigating bolide traces in the upper layers of the atmosphere. The generator has a case containing fine powder, a coupling unit with a carrier (rocket or spacecraft), spring mechanism for separating the generator from the carrier, device for cranking the generator, device for time delay of the displacement of the belt, a closing annular slit on the case of the generator, through which fine powder material is dispersed. The coupling unit is in form of a shank fixed at the lower end of the case, put on bearings in the separation spring mechanism and allowing for rotation of the generator until it is separated from the carrier. Inside the case, on its axis there is a small solid engine, providing for cranking the generator and extra (to the spring force) buoyant force. To provide for time delay of the displacement of the belt, the closing annular slit on the case, there is a blaster fuse, characteristics of which are chosen depending on the required time delay. The generator is small and light, more reliable and provides for faster rate of separating the generator from the carrier.

EFFECT: faster separation of the generator from the carrier with smaller dimensions and mass of the generator and simplification of its structure.

2 dwg

Description

The generator of finely dispersed formations is designed to provide research of fire marks in the upper atmosphere. The specified generator contains a housing with fine powder, a docking unit with the carrier (aircraft), a spring mechanism for separating the generator from the carrier, means for spinning the generator, a means for delaying the removal of the tape covering the annular gap on the generator body, through which the loose fine powder is scattered when the generator rotates . Means of time delay is necessary so that the dispersion of the powder occurs after the generator is removed from the carrier by a distance that excludes clogging of the surface of the latter.

A prototype of such a generator, which can be taken as a prototype developed and tested at TsNIImash, is shown in Fig. 1, where it is indicated: 1 - generator housing, 2 - casing with guide rollers, 3 - casing cover, 4 - spring (2 pcs. ), 5 - pyro-bolt (2 pcs.), Tightening the tape covering the annular gap of the housing, 6 - roller (12 pcs.), 7 - electric drive with electric motors, 8 - rod (4 pcs.), 9 - spring (4 pcs. ), 10 - spring mechanism for separating the generator from the carrier, 11 - platform, 12 - time relay, 13 - battery, 14 - load (4 pcs.).

After exiting the casing, the rods with loads are folded to the sides under the action of the springs, forming a cross-shaped structure, the weight of which with an electric drive, is up to 50% of the mass of the entire device.

The main disadvantages of the generator shown in figure 1 are:

1) the presence of a platform with an electric drive for the promotion of the generator and rods with loads, a casing with a cover and guide rollers for folded rods leads to a heavier and more complicated design of the generator;

2) the use of electric motors, rechargeable batteries and a time relay for the promotion of the generator leads to a decrease in reliability and complication of the device detachable from the carrier;

3) the use for separating the generator from the carrier of the springs limits the possibility of increasing the speed of separation of the generator from the carrier due to the increase in the weight of the springs in proportion to the square of the increase in speed.

The aim of the proposed generator is to eliminate these disadvantages of the prototype, which is achieved as follows.

A small-sized solid-fuel engine with nozzles extending beyond the lower end of the housing is placed in the generator housing along its axis, which are directed so as to create a torque and an axial component of the thrust, which serves as an additional force to the elastic force of the spring of the ejection mechanism and allows to obtain a sufficiently high generator separation speed, not while increasing the mass of the spring.

A shank is attached to the lower end of the housing along its axis, which is inserted into bearings in the spring mechanism of the generator ejection. The shank has an annular groove, which includes a pyrochet that keeps the generator from longitudinal movement, but does not prevent the rotation of the generator until it is separated from the carrier, which in turn provides a more stable direction of flight of the generator after it is separated from the carrier.

As a means of time delay for removing the tape covering the annular gap of the housing, there is a Bickford cord, which is connected to the ignition chamber of a small engine, and the burning speed and cord length are selected depending on the required time delay.

The start of a small engine is carried out using an electric igniter, the electric impulse to which comes from the carrier through the electrical connector and ring current collectors located on the shank.

The essence of the proposed generator is illustrated in the drawing. Figure 2 shows a General view of the device, where it is indicated: 1 - generator housing for finely divided bulk powder (powder not shown), 2 - dividing ribs providing uniform discharge of finely divided powder, 3 - annular slot of the housing, 4 - elastic tape, 5 - spring ejection mechanism, 6 - shank, 7 - pyrocheka, 8 - ring current collectors, 9 - electric connector, 10 - electric igniter, 11 - nozzle, 12 - small solid fuel engine, 13 - Bikford cord, 14 - tape breaker.

The device operates as follows.

When applying an electric pulse to an electric igniter (10), the engine checker (12) and the Bickford cord (13) ignite. The generator acquires angular velocity. After some time, a command is issued to pull out the pyrochee (7), the presence of which did not prevent the generator from rotating. After pulling out the pyrochecks, the rotating housing (1) with the shank (6) is pushed out by the spring of the ejection mechanism (5) and the axial component of the engine thrust (13). At the same time, due to the action of this thrust during the entire burning time of the engine checkers, a relatively high speed of the generator can be achieved while maintaining the same parameters of the spring of the ejection mechanism.

The burning time of the Bikford cord is not related to the engine operating time (13) and the parameters of this cord are determined based on the set time delay.

A comparative analysis of the proposed device (figure 2) and the prototype (figure 1) showed that the proposed generator in comparison with the prototype (with the same body in volume) has smaller overall dimensions (2 times the volume, 25% less weight), more reliable and allows for a high translational speed of the generator after it is separated from the carrier.

Claims (1)

The generator of finely dispersed formations, comprising a housing with fine powder, a docking assembly with a carrier, a spring mechanism for separating the generator from the carrier, means for spinning the generator and a time delay means, characterized in that the docking assembly is made in the form of a shank attached to the lower end of the housing mounted on bearings in the spring mechanism of separation and allowing the rotation of the generator before it is separated from the carrier, a small-sized solid-fuel engine is placed inside the housing along its axis , which ensures the unwinding of the generator and the creation of additional force when separating the generator from the carrier, and the time delay of the moment of atomization of fine powder is provided using a Bikford cord.

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