RU2114767C1 - Device for spreading loose materials from flying vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural devices for plants with loose fertilizers and chemical. SUBSTANCE: device includes bin with neck, metering unit and centrifugal spreader with blades. Metering unit is made in form of perforated diaphragm fitted in neck and gate valve mounted on it. Diameters of gate valve and diaphragm exceed critical diameter specified for given loose material defining formation of loose material bridges in neck. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural devices for pollination of plants with loose fertilizers and chemicals. The device is intended for use mainly on the external suspension of helicopters or directly on helicopters.

 A device for scattering bulk materials from an aircraft, containing a hopper with a neck, a metering device and a centrifugal spreader with blades [1]. Known technical solution is the closest to the claimed technical essence and the problem to be solved.

 For chemicals used in agriculture, taking into account the real conditions of their use, this design is subject to the formation of freedoms, since the cross-sectional area of the annular channel will always be less than critical, especially for wet chemicals. Further, the centrifugal wheel does not form a spreadable chemical in a compact stream, which reduces the range of spreading of chemicals and, as a result, the effectiveness of the use of a helicopter.

 The technical task of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of spreading due to the formation in the device of a compact jet of bulk materials without the formation of arches from it in the neck of the hopper.

 The technical problem is solved due to the fact that in the device for spreading bulk materials from an aircraft containing a hopper with a neck, a metering device and a centrifugal spreader with vanes, the metering device is made in the form of a perforated diaphragm installed in the neck and a gate located on it, while the gate and the diaphragm is made of a circular shape with diameters greater than the critical diameter characteristic of the used bulk material and determining the formation of arches from loose material iala in the neck.

 In addition, the device is equipped with a spiral knife mounted on the gate for shifting the front edge of the granules to the periphery of the sector.

 At the same time, the device is equipped with a centrifugal bevel wheel installed after the diaphragm, placed in a housing made with a side hole for connecting the cavity of the centrifugal wheel with the cavity of the centrifugal spreader.

 Also, the centrifugal spreader is equipped with a cylindrical diaphragm installed in the annular groove of the blades, made with at least one slot, and additional blades located inside the cylindrical diaphragm. In addition, a shielding trough is installed in the device, which is directed towards the incoming flow at an angle providing the maximum width of the chemical dispersion band.

 In FIG. 1 shows the lower part of the hopper 1, to the neck of which a centrifugal spreader with drive elements is connected; in FIG. 2, 3 and 4, respectively, section AA, section BB, view along arrow B of FIG. one; in FIG. 5 is a section GG of FIG. 4.

 The diaphragm 2, which plays the role of the power bottom of the hopper 1, is installed at the very beginning of the neck, has a diameter exceeding the critical one, and has numerous sector windows 3 arranged in equal steps.

 The dosing gate 4 of a round shape is mounted on the diaphragm 2, has the same aperture 2 windows. In the closed position, the jumpers of the gate 4 overlap the windows of the diaphragm 2. The gate 4 can be rotated relative to the axis of the neck at different angles by a special drive 21 (Fig. 2).

 Above the gate 4, a spiral knife 5 is installed, which is rotated from the shaft 9. Under the diaphragm 2, a low-speed centrifugal wheel 6 is installed, placed in the housing 7. The flange of the wheel 6 is fixedly connected to the pulley 8 and shaft 9, the upper end of which has a square cross section for the drive knife 5. On the pulley 8 is wearing a V-belt 10, connected through a gearbox 11 and a shaft 12 with a wind turbine.

 The housing 7 is bolted to the housing 13 of the centrifugal wheel (spreader) 14. At the junction in the shell of the housing 7 there is a window connecting the internal cavities of both buildings.

 The centrifugal wheel 14 is installed in the housing 13 with the help of an axis 15 fixed in the bearing housing 16 connected to the housing 13.

 In the blades of the wheel 14 (Fig. 1, 4), a cylindrical groove "b" is cut, which divides the blades into external 17 and additional (internal) 18. The cylindrical diaphragm 19 (Fig. 4) having two slots is fixedly connected to the flange of the housing 13 K "(or one slot for the case of spreading in one direction) and installed in a cylindrical groove. The upper part of the wheel 14 is made in the form of a pulley, on which the V-belts 20 are dressed (Fig. 1).

 To drive both centrifugal wheels, a wind turbine is used on the spreader (other types of engines can also be used), which rotates the transmission shaft 12 and the gearbox 11 through it (Fig. 1).

 The device is equipped with gutters 21 (Fig. 3), directed towards the incoming flow at an angle that provides the maximum amount of casting of bulk material.

Calculations show that the maximum width of the dispersion band of chemicals from a device located on the external suspension of the helicopter is provided at an angle between the direction of flight and the initial speed of the frequency of the chemical equal to 120 ^o .

 The device operates as follows.

 From the incoming flow, the wind turbine rotates the shaft 12 (Fig. 1), which drives the wheel 14 and the knife 5 at a high speed by means of a reducer 11, V-belts 10 and 20, and a knife 5 when turning on the drive (Fig. 2) it is rotated by the angle specified by the ground adjustment, which determines the degree of opening of the windows 3 in the diaphragm 2, which ensures the required flow of chemicals. Under the action of gravity, the chemical particles fall out through the holes formed by the edges of the gate 4 and the diaphragm 2.

 Knife 5, due to its spiral shape, in the process of rotation drives away the chemical granules from the center of the neck to the periphery with its leading edge, which prevents clogging of the metering windows 2 (in Figs. 1-4, the movement of chemical particles is shown by arrows). Numerous trickles of chemical particles fall on the blades of a centrifugal bevel wheel 6, where the particles receive radial, axial and tangential leaving speeds. The streams are sealed and, through a window in the housing 7, enter the internal cavity of the housing 13 and then onto the intake part of the additional (internal) vanes 18. Due to the bending of the intake part of the vanes, the chemical particles acquire axial speed along with the radial speed.

 Depending on the magnitude of the received impulse of forces in the radial and axial directions, one part of the chemical enters the holes "D" (Fig. 3) and is scattered by the blades for a short distance, the other into the slot E of the annular diaphragm 19 and then onto the blades 17, where it receives the maximum increment of speed. Since chemicals enter the outer vanes 17 through a narrow slot, a relatively compact stream is formed after leaving the wheel.

 Next, the chemical stream enters the chute 21 and moves along its length without the inhibitory effect of the incoming flow, which ensures an increase in the width of the dispersion band.

 All these distinctive features of the invention allow to obtain the maximum fuel economic efficiency of a MI-8 helicopter with this device on an external sling.

Claims (5)

 1. A device for spreading bulk materials from an aircraft, containing a hopper with a neck, a metering device and a centrifugal spreader with blades, characterized in that the metering device is made in the form of a perforated diaphragm installed in the neck and a slide located on it, while the gate and diaphragm are made round shape with diameters greater than the critical diameter characteristic of the used bulk material and determining the formation of arches of bulk material in the neck.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a spiral knife mounted on the gate for shifting the front edge of the granules to the periphery of the sector.  3. The device according to PP.1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a centrifugal wheel installed after the diaphragm, placed in a housing made with a side hole for connecting the cavity of the centrifugal wheel with the cavity of the centrifugal spreader.  4. The device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the centrifugal spreader is equipped with a cylindrical diaphragm installed in the annular groove of the blades, made with at least one slit, and additional blades located inside the cylindrical diaphragm.  5. The device according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a shielding chute is installed, which is directed towards the incoming flow at an angle providing the maximum width of the chemical dispersion band.

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