RU2325534C1 - Method for mined land reclamation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: method implies selective mining, displacement and storing of soil layer and overburden in separate belt dumps, mining of open-pit field. After open-pit field mining, a pit is excavated, its walls being flattened to angle of slope of 25 deg maximum. This is followed by planning and reinforcement of the pit walls all around by providing piles in rolled holes and dumping the sand buffer layer followed by laying of cemented stone border. Then, along the planned side slopes, sand-and-gravel dump is made, while the pit bottom and walls are covered with at least 20 cm of clay and compacted with post-wetting with water. When the clay is completely dry, all cracks are filled with thick clay, then two more layers of clay are successively deposited, the third layer is filled with thick clay and, while still wet, compacted with a thin layer of gravel and coarse sand. Then, the pit bottom is filled in with 3-5 cm gravel or construction waste (broken body brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, tiles) previously disintegrated down to 3-5 cm, and the pit is filled with water. The pit shall be at least 5 meters deep.

EFFECT: faster reclamation of mined lands.

2 cl

Description

The invention relates to mining, mainly to open cast mining, and may find application in the reclamation of quarry excavations after open cast mining.

There is a method of reclamation in open pit mining, selected as a prototype, including excavation, movement and storage in separate tape dumps of the soil layer and overburden, mining a quarry field, moving and laying overburden and soil layer [1].

However, the restoration of grass cover with this method occurs over a long period, while the soil layer is susceptible to wind and water erosion.

The proposed method for reclamation of disturbed lands provides faster restoration of disturbed lands due to the short construction period of the reservoir, since the quarry developed has already been created by operational works.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of reclamation of disturbed lands, including separate excavation, movement and storage of soil layer and overburden in separate tape dumps, mining of the quarry field, according to the invention, after excavation of the quarry, a pit device is first made to flatten the quarry sides to the slope slope of no more than 25 degrees and the subsequent planning and strengthening of the quarry sides along its entire perimeter by means of combined ramming piles in rolled wells and by further filling up the pile field with a buffer layer of sand with laying a curb of stones on cement mortar, then a clay layer at least 20 cm thick is applied to the walls and bottom of the foundation pit and compacted with subsequent moistening with water, after the clay layer has completely dried, all cracks are wiped with thick clay, then in the same way, two more layers of clay are successively laid, the last third layer of clay is rubbed and a thin layer of gravel with coarse sand is rammed into a still wet surface, after which the bottom of the excavation is covered with a layer of gravel Tew 3-5 cm, and the pit is filled with water and fish fry and water snails are launched, and grass and trees are planted around the perimeter of the created reservoir. In this case, the device of combined rammed piles is produced as follows: first, a well is rolled out without excavation, and then the lower section of the well is filled with rubble or construction waste, followed by compaction, and the upper section of the well is filled with concrete. The bottom of the pit, instead of a layer of gravel with a grain size of 3-5 cm, can be sprinkled with pre-crushed 3-5 cm construction waste in the form of broken fired brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, and ceramic tile. At the same time, the depth of the quarry should not be less than 5 meters.

In the future, reclaimed quarries can be used not only as reservoirs in a park composition, but also used in fisheries, using water areas to create spawning grounds and places for fish walking.

The cost savings are obvious both during construction (used quarry is used), and during operation - there is no need for repair, maintenance and additional equipment and consumables. Although modern methods of constructing artificial reservoirs are technological, they have a high cost of construction and maintenance. Artificial ponds made of concrete shrink and crack, and are not frost-resistant enough, and those made using synthetic, rubber films are easily damaged by the roots of plants and require replacement several years later, in addition, hazardous chemicals - phenols, styrenes and water - get into them. etc.

Therefore, the use of natural clay as a waterproofing bowl for a reservoir is the most rational and environmentally friendly way of reclamation of disturbed lands. Given that the artificial reservoir will be replenished due to atmospheric precipitation, and not groundwater, salinization and degeneration of the reservoir are excluded.

The method of reclamation of disturbed lands is as follows.

After the completion of mining work, planning works are carried out. Then the device is excavated with a flattening of the sides of the quarry to the steepness of the slopes of not more than 25 degrees. After flattening the sides of the quarry, they plan and compact along its entire perimeter by means of combined stacked piles in rolled wells. The device of combined stuffed piles is produced as follows: first, a well is rolled out without excavation, and then the lower part of the well is filled with crushed stone or construction waste in the form of pre-crushed 3-5 cm burnt brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, ceramic tile, followed by compaction, and the upper section of the well is filled with concrete mixture.

In order to more reliably strengthen the perimeter of the future reservoir and to bind the combined printed piles to each other, a buffer layer is constructed, for which the pile field is poured with a sand layer with a layer thickness of at least 0.1 m. Sand and gravel dumping is made on the planned slopes.

Subsequently, a curb of stones or paving slabs on a cement mortar is placed on a buffer layer of sand. Further, a clay layer with a thickness of at least 20 cm is applied to the walls and the bottom of the pit. The clay layer is compacted, followed by moistening with water, after the clay layer has completely dried, all cracks are wiped with thick clay. Then, in the same way, two more clay layers are laid sequentially, the last third layer of clay is rubbed and a thin layer of gravel with coarse sand is tamped into the still wet surface, after which the bottom of the pit is poured with a layer of gravel with a grain size of 3-5 cm, and the pit is filled with water and run fish fry and water snails, and grass and trees are planted around the perimeter of the created reservoir. Instead of a gravel layer with a grain size of 3-5 cm, the bottom of the pit can be sprinkled with pre-crushed 3-5 cm construction waste in the form of broken fired brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, and ceramic tile.

Information sources

1. USSR copyright certificate No. 1062392, cl. E21C 41/00, 1983.

Claims (2)

1. A method of reclamation of disturbed lands, including separate excavation, transfer and storage of soil layer and overburden into separate tape dumps, mining of a quarry field, characterized in that after excavation of the quarry, a pit is first constructed with flattening of the quarry sides to a slope of no more than 25 ° with the subsequent planning and strengthening of the quarry sides along its entire perimeter by means of combined ramming piles in rolled wells and sanding the sand buffer layer after by laying a stone curb on it with cement mortar, then on planned slopes make sand and gravel, and apply a clay layer at least 20 cm thick on the walls and bottom of the foundation pit and compact it with subsequent moistening with water, after all the clay layer has completely dried, all cracks will be smoothed out thick clay, then in the same way two more layers of clay are successively laid, the last third layer of clay is rubbed and a thin layer of gravel with coarse sand is rammed into the still wet surface, after which the bottom of the excavation is poured loem gravel grain size of 3-5 cm, or pre-crushed to a particle size of 3-5 cm battlefield construction waste in the form of broken fired brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, ceramic tiles, and a pit filled with water, the depth of the excavation should not be less than 5 m. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the device of the combined stuffed piles is produced as follows: first, the well is rolled out without excavation, and then the lower section of the well is filled with crushed stone or construction waste in the form of 3-5 cm pre-crushed brick concrete, reinforced concrete, ceramic tiles, followed by compaction, and the upper section of the well is filled with concrete mixture.