RU2793089C1 - Method for formation of reclaimed watered rock dump with an ecological focus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates in particular to development of deposits by an open method and restoration of territories disturbed by open mining. For implementation of the method of formation of the reclaimed watered rock dump with an environmentally friendly orientation the lower base of the dump body is aligned along the terrain. The outer slopes of the tiers of the reclaimed rock dump are formed with reclamation along the perimeter under the tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18-22°, with a slope of horizontal platforms towards the body of the dump, the slopes are then covered with a fertile layer. The upper base of the dump surface is made with mining and biological reclamation. Top base of the dump body is made in form of a basing, the lowest point of which is located in the geometric centre of the planned dump. The upper base is divided into radial strips for seedlings such as pine, birch, willow and is made with alternating stripes of meadow areas towards the bottom of the basin. Around the lower point of the basing a platform for the lake is left. Grooves for biological reclamation in form of planting seedlings, are made along horizontal looped lines of the basin, grooves in the dump are laid with a plough at the lower point of the basin. To irrigate seedlings, water is supplied to the outermost groove and then the water flows into the next groove from the opposite side of the basin via the bypass channel groove in the dump to saturate the following grooves with moisture towards the lower point of the basin of the upper base of the dump body.

EFFECT: increasing the environmental efficiency of the reclaimed watered rock dump.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The proposed device relates to mining, in particular to the development of deposits by an open method and the restoration of areas disturbed by open mining operations, and can be used in the construction of rock quenched irrigated dumps.

State of the art

There is a known method of forming a rock dump (patent RU 2763561, IPC E21C 41/32, Published: December 30, 2021 Bull. No. 1), including the formation of the lower base of the dump body along the terrain, the formation of external slopes of the rock dump tiers is performed with reclamation along the perimeter , execution of the upper base of the dump surface with mining and biological reclamation.

The disadvantage of this method is the low environmental efficiency of the dumped rock quenched irrigated dump.

The closest method is known for the formation of a rock dump with an environmentally friendly orientation (Technology of reclamation and arrangement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - 309 p., p. 93), including execution of the lower base of the dump body along the landscape of the area, the formation of external slopes of the tiers of the extinguished rock dump is carried out with reclamation along the perimeter under the tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18-22 °, with a slope of horizontal platforms towards the dump body and cover them with fertile layer, the execution of the upper base of the dump surface is performed with mining and biological reclamation.

The disadvantage of the closest method is the low environmental efficiency of the dumped rock quenched irrigated dump.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result is to increase the environmental efficiency of the dumped quenched irrigated rock dump.

The present technical result is achieved in the method of forming a rock quenched irrigated dump with an environmentally friendly orientation, including the implementation of the lower base of the dump body along the landscape, the formation of external slopes of the tiers of the rock quenched dump is performed with reclamation along the perimeter under tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18 -22°, with a slope of horizontal platforms towards the dump body and cover them with a fertile layer, the upper base of the dump surface is performed with mining and biological reclamation, and the upper base of the dump body is made in the form of a trough, the lower point of which is located in the geometric center of the designed rock dump , the upper base is divided into radial strips for seedlings in the form of pine, birch, talina, which are performed with alternating strips of meadow areas towards the lower point of the trough, a platform for the lake is left around the lower point of the trough, grooves for biological reclamation in the form of planting seedlings are made along horizontal looped lines of the trough, the dumps of the groove are laid with a plow towards the lower point of the trough, for watering the seedlings, water is supplied to the extreme groove and then the water flows into the next groove from the opposite side of the trough by making a bypass channel groove in the dump to saturate the following grooves with moisture towards the bottom point troughs of the upper base of the dump body.

The distinguishing features are:

the upper base of the dump body is made in the form of a trough, the lower point of which is located in the geometric center of the projected rock dump, the upper base is divided into radial strips for seedlings in the form of pine, birch, the lower point of the trough leaves a platform for the lake, this increases the environmental efficiency of the dumped rock quenched irrigated dump in the form of rational use of moisture, excluding gully formation;

grooves for biological reclamation in the form of planting seedlings are made along horizontal looped lines of the trough, the dumps of the groove are laid with a plow towards the lower point of the trough, this increases the environmental efficiency of the dumped rock irrigated dump, due to the created microclimate on the upper base of the dump body in front of each groove.

to irrigate the seedlings, water is supplied to the extreme groove and then the water is overflowed into the next groove from the opposite side of the trough by making a bypass channel groove in the dump to saturate the next grooves with moisture towards the lower point of the trough of the upper base of the dump body, which increases the environmental efficiency of the dumped rock dump, due to the artificially created supply of moisture to seedlings from the discharged outflow into watercourses, and the enterprise in such conditions reduces discharges into watercourses and reduces environmental payments.

Comparison of the proposed solution with analogue and prototype did not reveal in them the features that distinguish the proposed solution, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" is met.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the formation of the rock dump quenched irrigated with an environmentally friendly focus, including: 1 - entrance embankment rock dump; 2 - the geometric center of the projected waste dump; 3 - a horizontal platform with a slope towards the body of the dump, covered with a fertile layer of soil; 4 - recultivated lower underlayer with a fertile soil layer; 5 - recultivated upper underlayer with a fertile soil layer; 6 - a radial strip for pine seedlings; 7 - radial strip under meadow grasses after pine plantings; 8 - radial strip for birch seedlings; 9 - radial strip under meadow grasses after birch plantings; 10 - a radial strip for saplings of talina; 11 - a platform for the lake left around the lower point of the trough; 26 - supply conduit; 27 - line of bypass channels in the dumps of the grooves to saturate the subsequent grooves with moisture towards the lower point of the trough.

Figure 2 shows the section A-A of FIG. 1 species extinguished irrigated dump with an environmentally friendly focus, including: 12 - dump body; 13 - covering with a fertile soil layer; 14 - the upper base of the dump body made in the form of a trough; 15 - pine seedlings; 16 - meadow grasses after pine plantations; 17 - birch seedlings; 18 - meadow grasses after birch plantings; 19 - saplings of talina; 20 - lake; 21 - lower base of the dump body along the terrain; 22 - the lower point of the trough; 26 - supply conduit.

Figure 3 shows view B, section A-A of FIG. 2, a fragment of a groove for planting seedlings on the upper base of the blade body, including: 12 - blade body; 13 - covering with a fertile soil layer; 14 - the upper base of the dump body made in the form of a trough; 15 - pine seedlings; 23 - blade from the groove, laid towards the lower point of the trough; 24 - groove for planting seedlings; 25 - supplied water to the extreme groove from the discharged flow of drainage into watercourses; 26 - supply conduit.

Implementation of the invention

In the structure of the complex mechanization of the dump site, with the simultaneous formation of the reclamation of the spoiled rock tier of the dump, it is planned to use: one bulldozer T-170 and one hydraulic excavator of the "backhoe" model with a bucket with a capacity of 1.5-2.0 m ³ as the main excavation mechanism used for loading the fertile soil layer. For the reclamation stage, two dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 18-20 tons and another T-170 bulldozer are additionally used. The height of the rock heap tier was 10 m, and the height of the recultivated under tier was 5 m, which corresponds to the equipment used in mining. This work is carried out by one bulldozer T-170, which receives mining dump trucks from overburden excavators along the entrance embankment 1, and forms a boundary dump front. With a lag of 30-50 m from the embankment of the tier, an additional bulldozer T-170 performs from this tier under the tier with a reclamation horizontal platform 3 with a slope towards the dump body. The slope of the lower under tier 4, the upper sub tier 5 and the horizontal platform 3, tiers are covered with a fertile soil layer 13 (PSP) or a soil mixture consisting of Quaternary overburden and soil layers up to 2 m thick according to [2]. Delivery of the PSP is carried out by additional two dump trucks from under the excavator of the upper overburden ledge. Simultaneous formation of reclamation along the perimeter of the outer slope of the rock dump increases the environmental efficiency of the dumped rock dump, due to the immediate reduction of slope dusting during mining. When the boundary dump front reaches the final state, the upper base of the body of the dump of the redeemed tier is made in the form of a trough 14. The lower point 22 of the trough is located in the geometric center 2 of the designed rock dump. The upper base 14 is divided into radial strips 6, 8, 10 for seedlings in the form of pine, birch, thalina, which are made with alternation towards the lower point of the trough with strips of meadow areas 7, 9, around the lower point of the trough a platform 11 under the lake is left. Grooves 24 for biological reclamation in the form of planting seedlings of pine 15, birch 17, talina 19 are performed along horizontal looped lines of the trough 14. Dumps 23 from the groove 24 are laid by a plow towards the lower point 22 of the trough 14, this design forms a microclimate during snowmelt and heavy rainfall with the accumulation of moisture, which excludes gully formation and increases the environmental efficiency of the dumped waste dump by the necessary moisture consumption by seedlings. In dry periods, water is supplied through the conduit 26 from the discharged drainage flow into the watercourses into the extreme groove 24 for watering the seedlings 15 and saturating the surface of the trough 14 with moisture. Next, the water flows in the groove 25 along the line of the bypass channels 27 in the dumps of the grooves 23, to saturate the subsequent grooves with moisture towards the lower point of the trough 22. The flow of water 25 into the next groove is performed from the opposite side of the trough 14 by making the groove 24 of the bypass channel in the dump 23 . This design increases the environmental efficiency of the dumped waste dump, due to the artificially created moisture supply for seedlings from the discharged outflow into watercourses, and the enterprise by this action reduces discharges into watercourses.

Information sources:

1. Patent RU 2059074, IPC A01B 75/02, Published: 04/27/1996.

2. Technology of reclamation and arrangement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov and others - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - 309 p., p. 93.

Claims (1)

A method for forming a rock quenched irrigated dump with an environmentally friendly orientation, including the implementation of the lower base of the dump body along the terrain, the formation of external slopes of the tiers of the rock quenched dump is performed with reclamation along the perimeter under tiers of 5-7 m and with slope angles in the range of 18-22 °, with slope of horizontal platforms towards the body of the dump and cover them with a fertile layer, the execution of the upper base of the surface of the dump is carried out with mining and biological reclamation, characterized in that the upper base of the dump body is made in the form of a trough, the lower point of which is located in the geometric center of the designed rock dump, the upper the base is divided into radial strips for seedlings in the form of pine, birch, talina, which are performed with alternation towards the lower point of the trough with strips of meadow areas, a platform for the lake is left around the lower point of the trough, grooves for biological reclamation in the form of planting seedlings are made along horizontal looped lines troughs, dumps of the groove are laid with a plow towards the lower point of the trough, water is supplied to the extreme groove for irrigating seedlings and then the water flows into the next groove from the opposite side of the trough by making a bypass channel groove in the dump to saturate the subsequent grooves with moisture towards the lower point of the upper trough dump body base.

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