RU2322081C2 - Method for preparing fodder for ruminant animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: method for preparing fodder for ruminant animals involves milling and extrusion of grains and carbamide. As grains method involves using rye and sorghum that are wetted with carbamide solution before extrusion wherein 10-11 l of water at temperature 70-80°C and 10-11 kg of carbamide are used per 100 kg of grains. Extrusion is carried out at humidity 19-22%, temperature 130-140°C and under pressure 3.5-4.0 MPa. Method provides decreasing toxicity of carbamide, elimination of anti- nutritive substances from rye and sorghum grains, decreasing hydrolysis of proteins in rumen of ruminant animals.

EFFECT: improved preparing method of fodder.

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Description

The invention relates to the agricultural industry, mainly to the technology of preparation of feed for feeding to ruminants.

It is known that such crops as rye and sorghum are used in feeding animals in limited quantities due to the presence of anti-nutritive and even toxic (grain sorghum) substances in them.

Meanwhile, after heat treatment, their specific weight in compound feeds for cattle can be significantly increased.

One of the ways to prepare such cereals for feeding is barothermic treatment (extrusion). During extrusion, profound changes in the structure of organic matter of cereals occur. Sugar content increases, protein breakdown decreases. The latter factor is of no small importance, since proteins with low degradability are less likely to decompose rumen microflora and are used in the intestine, providing the body with the necessary amount of amino acids.

Extruding cereals with urea (20-25%) prepares feed concentrates with a content of 1 kg of 500-600 g of protein. At the same time, urea melts and firmly binds to grain starch, which ensures a slow release of ammonia from it in the rumen of ruminants, and their poisoning is prevented [1].

However, in single-screw extruders, granular urea with crushed grain is not sufficiently mixed, which ultimately determines a significantly high degree of cleavage of the nitrogenous part of the extrudate and does not exclude the risk of animal poisoning [2].

There is a method for hydrothermal processing of compound feeds in an expander with an annular gap at a temperature of 130 ° C and a humidity of 18%. The expander works as an extruder according to the principle: high temperature - short time. The processed product is freed from pathogenic bacteria and anti-nutritional substances, its nutritional properties are improved, and the proportion of protected protein and starch is increased [3].

However, this processing method does not provide for an increase in protein content.

The closest in technical essence is the invention "A method of obtaining food for ruminants SU 957837, 09/15/1982" [4].

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the toxicity of urea, the elimination of anti-nutritional substances of rye and grain sorghum, the reduction of protein breakdown in the rumen.

The goal is achieved by extruding sorghum and winter rye at various humidity levels, followed by determination of protein breakdown by the method of "nylon bags" on an adult goby of a Kazakh white-headed breed with a scar fistula.

It has been established that with increasing humidity of raw materials from 18-22 to 32-34%, energy consumption decreases, the process temperature - from 130-140 to 70-90 ° C, extruder productivity increases by 13-15% when extruding sorghum and by 17-20% when processing rye. The swelling of the extrudate is reduced, the granules are obtained with scoring and cracks. In fact, with increasing humidity, the so-called “warm extrusion” occurs, in which protein denaturation is not observed, and starch does not undergo a sufficient degree of structural and chemical transformations. Requires additional drying equipment.

According to the results of the data obtained, it can be said that humidity 19-22%, temperature 130-140 ° C, pressure 3.5-4.0 MPa are optimal for the extrusion of rye and sorghum. This mode provides all the conditions for the starch gelation process, urea melting and melt diffusion (molecular incorporation of nitrogen) into the mass of gelatinized starch.

The breakdown of rye protein is reduced to 65.08-68.36% and grain sorghum - to 46.17-46.24% (Table 1).

Table 1 No. p / p Stern Moisture% Absolutely dry matter,% Protein in DIA,% Protein breakdown,% initial common one Rye 12.10 16.84 83.16 14.08 88.50 2 Extruded rye 12.81 17.06 82.94 13.86 65.08 3 Extruded rye 16.34 19.10 80.90 13.80 65.70 four Extruded rye 18.26 22.00 78.00 13.74 68.36 5 Extruded rye 22.42 28.70 71.30 13.68 70.60 6 Extruded rye 24.16 29.24 70.76 13.73 76.02 7 Extruded rye 26.32 31.17 68.83 13.70 76.69 8 Extruded rye 28.33 32,40 67.60 13.76 76.70 9 Natural sorghum 12.60 16.64 83.36 12.56 65.70 10 Sorghum extruded 13.15 17.50 82.50 12.36 46.17 eleven Sorghum extruded 16.70 19.83 80.17 12.45 46.26 12 Sorghum extruded 18.47 22.36 77.64 12.36 46.24 13 Sorghum extruded 22.76 27.93 72.07 12.48 46.80 fourteen Sorghum extruded 24.65 30,60 69.40 12.28 47.43 fifteen Sorghum extruded 26.73 32.17 67.83 12.08 50.00 16 Sorghum extruded 28.80 34.06 65.94 12.16 53.86

An increase in the protein content in the extrudate and a decrease in its cleavage was achieved by extruding the crushed sorghum and rye grain moistened with a urea solution. For 100 kg of grain, 10-11 l of water (70-80 ° C) and 10-11 kg of urea were consumed. Extrudates were prepared with a similar amount of granular urea. As a plasticizer and sorbent, sodium bentanite in an amount of 5.0% was introduced into the grain mass.

The data obtained are shown in table 2.

Rye and sorghum, extruded with and without urea, were introduced into the diets as part of self-made feed.

The introduction of urea concentrates from sorghum and rye into mixed feeds made it possible to exclude expensive meal and oilcake from the mixed feed composition. Barothermal treatment made it possible to increase the share of rye in exchange for part of barley and wheat to 41-58% and sorghum to 30-48%. A further increase in sorghum led to reluctance to eat compound feeds.

table 2 No. p / p Feed Completely dry Protein in DIA,% Protein breakdown,% one Rye: extruded with granular urea 83.13 39.86 74.01 2 Urea Extruded 81.71 39.52 66.27 3 Sorghum: extruded with granular urea 83.96 35.17 64.14 four Urea Extruded 82.19 34.85 56.83

Feeding the Simmental breed bull fodder with extruded rye and sorghum balanced by protein with carbamide concentrates prepared in a new way positively affected the use of nutrients in diets. So, the digestibility of organic matter increased by 4.76-5.02, crude protein by 4.87-5.25, BEV by 3.94-4.19, and crude fiber by 7.41-7.74 % The deposited amount in the body of nitrogen increased by 3.19-3.28 g, and the coefficient of its use from the digested - by 0.81-0.58% /

Information sources

1. US patent No. 3642489, cl. 99-2, 1972.

2. Sokolov A.Ya. Presses of food and feed production. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1973. - 283 p.

3. Luht H.V., Alandus Kal GmbH and Co., Germany // Compound feed, 2002, No. 2. - S.19-20.

4. A.S. No. 957837, A23K 1/22, 09/15/82.

Claims (1)

A method of producing feed for ruminants, including grinding and extruding grain and urea, characterized in that rye and sorghum grain are selected as grain, which is moistened with a urea solution before extrusion, moreover, 10-11 l of water with a temperature of 70- 80 ° C and 10-11 kg of urea, and the extrusion is carried out at a humidity of 19-22%, a temperature of 130-140 ° C, a pressure of 3.5-4.0 MPa.