RU2745610C1 - Method for preparing expanded feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to feed production, in particular to a method for preparing an expanded feed additive. The method is characterized in that the crushed pine needles, charcoal sorbent, flaxseed, sugar and salt are mixed until homogeneous, after which glycerin is introduced. The resulting feed mixture is fed into an expander and processed at a temperature of 105-110 °C, a pressure of 10 MPa and a duration of 8-12 seconds. The expanded feed is dried at a temperature not exceeding 70 °C for 30-45 minutes, followed by prepacking and packaging of the finished feed additive. The starting components are used in a certain ratio.

EFFECT: use of the invention will increase the shelf life of the additive and the productivity of farm animals.

1 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used as a biologically active feed additive to stabilize the energy balance of the body and increase the productivity of farm animals.

The successful development of animal husbandry is possible on the basis of a developed and solid forage base, in the creation of which the feed industry plays an important role. It is designed to supply livestock farms with compound feeds of high nutritional value, containing all the substances necessary for animals: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins. An increase in the production of livestock products is possible due to the use of new technologies and the introduction of scientific developments. One of the main directions for increasing productivity is complete feeding.

In the production of bulk feed, grain and components are cleaned from impurities and foreign inclusions, crushed, dosed in accordance with the recipe, and mixed. Compound feed made using this technology has insufficiently high digestibility of nutrients. The starch of the grain components, which occupy the largest part of the compound feed, is in a form that is inconvenient for assimilation by the body of animals, especially for young pigs. The use of such compound feed has a number of disadvantages: self-sorting during transportation and storage, selective consumption of components by animals. The presence of fine fractions in loose compound feeds leads to feed losses during transportation and feeding, irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and eyes, stressful state of animals during feeding, poor sanitary quality and feeding efficiency.

Balancing rations can be ensured not only by introducing deficient components, but also by using feed additives that increase the digestibility of feed. Biologically active preparations provide a more complete extraction of nutrients from feed, normalize the functioning of the digestive system and thus allow to meet the physiological needs of the body.

One of the effective methods of preparing feed for feeding is extrusion at elevated pressure and temperature, as a result of which the structure of the fiber of the feed changes, inactivation of inhibitors of the digestive tract, neutralization of toxic substances, sterilization of feed, improvement of taste, dextrinization of starch. Due to a sharp drop in pressure at the exit of the heated grain mass, a significant increase in the volume of the product occurs, a porous structure is formed, which makes the feed more accessible for the action of enzymes in the stomach of animals, and its digestibility increases sharply.

During extrusion, the action of high temperatures is short-term (8-10 seconds), which allows to preserve vitamins from destruction, improve the taste of feed additives due to the formation of various aromatic substances, neutralize some toxins and destroy their producers.

During extrusion processing, most of the work of the animal's stomach is performed by the extruder, and, therefore, the energy of the feed goes entirely to the needs of the animal's body. Currently, extrusion technology is used to obtain protein supplements for ruminants, while increasing the amount of protein that is not degraded in the rumen of the animal, in addition, extrusion provides a more complete digestibility of protein in the small intestine. As a result, the productivity of livestock increases and the cost of preparing feed is reduced. More promising is the extrusion of not a single feed, but a mixture of protein and carbohydrate feed, called a protein-energy supplement.

There is a known method of preparing dry food for dogs and fur-bearing animals, including obtaining a mixture of water with food ingredients until a moisture content of no more than 40% is reached, heat treatment of the mixture at a temperature of no more than 200 ° C and its extrusion, while raw materials are taken as feed ingredients and of animal origin in a ratio of 4: 1, when receiving the mixture, water or milk whey is introduced by spraying, a pressure of 2-6 MPa is created in the extruder in front of the matrix, after which the feed is enriched with water-soluble and / or fat-soluble vitamins, and dried in a closed cycle at a temperature not higher 70 ° C for 15-40 minutes, followed by packaging and packaging of the finished feed [RF Patent 2202897. Publ. 04/27/2003. (one)].

There is a known method of obtaining food for fur-bearing animals "Kormekh" containing pulp by-products, which are mixed and subjected to heat treatment [RF Patent 2053683. Priority 03/18/1993. (2)].

These feed preparation methods have a number of positive aspects, however, these feeds have a short shelf life.

A known method for the production of dry food, including the formation of a flour mixture from starch-containing flour grain material 30-65% and protein material 25-40% by weight of the flour mixture, nutritionally balanced, partial gelatinization of the flour mixture by moisturizing up to 28-31% and heating to cause swelling of starch grains and its mechanical processing and expansion by extrusion from a zone of high pressure and temperature significantly higher than 100 ° C [RF Patent 2237416. Publ. 10.10.2004. BI No. 28 (3)]. One of the disadvantages of this method is the incomplete and unstable degree of gelatinization of the starch contained in the starch-containing ingredients, and its insignificant destruction.

In addition, the duration of the high-temperature processing of the starch-containing part is 11-65 minutes and the duration of the extrusion processing of the entire mixture of 1-5 minutes leads to losses of nutrients in the feed, and increases the duration of the process.

A known method of preparing extruded dry pet food based on corn grain and additives. The mixture, pre-moistened and heated to 100 ° C, is loaded into an extruder and extruded under a pressure of 2-6 MPa. The extrudate swells at the exit from the die die under the action of a pressure drop, a porous rope is formed, followed by cutting it into pieces [RF Patent 2399295. Publ. 20.09.2010. BI No. 12 (4)].

There is also known a method of preparing steamed grain products or dry food for pets, which consists in obtaining a mixture of water with grain flour or grains, its heat treatment followed by extrusion [RF Patent 2208369. Publ. 20.07.2003. BI No. 20 (5)]. The disadvantage of the known methods is the high cost of the resulting product due to the high content of grain feed.

Considering the above, the technology for the production of complete feed should include the stages of preparation of components in accordance with the physiological characteristics of animals, as well as heat treatment of both raw materials and finished products.

At the end of the 90s of the XX century, the expansion process became widespread, which is carried out under mild conditions (temperatures up to 110 ° C) compared to extrusion. The resulting product is a non-solid, loose granule in the form of crumbs, which does not injure the esophagus and stomach of animals, does not form dust and thus does not cause adhesion to the digestive and respiratory organs in the process of eating it by animals. Such compound feed has a large particle surface and a porous structure, which provides an easier penetration of gastric juice and its own enzymes into the expandate.

The technical objective of the present invention is to improve the quality of the finished feed additive, increase the shelf life of the feed while maintaining the biological and nutritional value. Simultaneity of expanding a mixture of recipe components makes the process technologically advanced. The use of such mixtures will not only make it possible to increase the productivity of farm animals, but also to fix it at a high level for a long period. Animals provided with quality food, balanced in nutritional value and useful substances, have a longer economic use.

A method of preparing an expanded feed additive, characterized in that crushed pine needles, charcoal sorbent, flaxseed, sugar and salt are mixed until homogeneous, after which glycerin is introduced, the resulting feed mixture is fed into an expander and processed at a temperature of 105-110 ° C, pressure 10 MPa and a duration of 8-12 seconds, the expanded feed is dried at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C for 30-45 minutes, followed by packaging and packaging of the finished feed additive, and the initial components are used in the following ratio, wt%:

chopped pine needles 30.0 glycerol 52.0 charcoal sorbent 10.0 flax-seed 5.0 sugar 2.0 salt 1.0

The use of the invention will stabilize the energy balance of the animal's body and increase the productivity of farm animals. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the feed additive is developed in accordance with the peculiarities of the metabolic processes of farm animals.

The method is carried out as follows. Pine needles, flaxseeds, sugar, salt and charcoal sorbent crushed in a crusher [RF Patent 2531933. Publ. 10/27/2014. BI No. 30 (6)], dosed in accordance with a given recipe, mix thoroughly until a homogeneous mass is obtained, and a certain amount of glycerin is introduced. The resulting feed mixture is fed into an expander, the processing temperature in the working chamber is set to no more than 110 ° C, the pressure is 10 MPa and the duration is 8-12 seconds. Expanded feed is dried at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C for 30-45 minutes, packaged and packaged in consumer containers.

Example 1. Initial components: 30 kg of crushed pine needles, 10 kg of charcoal sorbent, 5 kg of flaxseed, 2 kg of sugar, 1 kg of salt are thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained and 52 kg of glycerin are introduced. The resulting feed mixture is expanded at a temperature of 105-110 ° C, a pressure of 10 MPa and a duration of 8-12 seconds. Expanded feed is dried at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C for 30 minutes, packaged and packaged in consumer containers.

Example 2. Similarly to example 1, the drying of the resulting feed is carried out at a temperature of the resulting mixture at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C for 45 minutes. The finished feed additive is packaged in consumer containers.

The resulting product is a loose granule in the form of crumbs, which does not injure the esophagus and stomach of animals, does not form dust and thus does not cause adhesion to the digestive and respiratory organs in the process of eating it by animals. It has a large particle surface and a porous structure that allows for easier penetration of gastric juice and its own enzymes into the expandate.

Thus, the invention makes it possible to prepare an expanded feed additive, improve the quality of the finished feed, and increase the shelf life of the feed while maintaining the same biological and nutritional value.

Information sources

1. Patent RF2202897. Publ. 04/27/2003.

2. Patent RF2053683. Priority 03/18/1993.

3. Patent RF2237416. Publ. 10.10.2004.

4. RF patent 2399295. Published on September 20, 2010.

5. RF patent 2208369. Publ. 20.07.2003.

6. Patent RF2531933. Publ. 10/27/2014.

Claims (2)

A method of preparing an expanded feed additive, characterized in that crushed pine needles, charcoal sorbent, flaxseed, sugar and salt are mixed until homogeneous, after which glycerin is introduced, the resulting feed mixture is fed into an expander and processed at a temperature of 105-110 ° C, pressure 10 MPa and a duration of 8-12 seconds, the expanded feed is dried at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C for 30-45 minutes, followed by packaging and packaging of the finished feed additive, and the initial components are used in the following ratio, wt%: chopped pine needles 30.0 glycerol 52.0 charcoal sorbent 10.0 flax-seed 5.0 sugar 2.0 salt 1.0