RU2313626C1 - Textile waste regeneration apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile engineering.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has feeding unit with conveyor and feeding rollers, loosening unit and discharge conveyor. Feeding unit is additionally provided with drafting device consisting of two pairs of rollers covered with saw-toothed fillet having teeth inclined in direction opposite to direction of rotation of rollers. Loosening unit is formed as hollow bladed shaft positioned within cylindrical chamber coaxial relative to said shaft. Cylindrical chamber has automatic temperature and air humidity adjustment system. Working blades are adjustably turned relative to axis of shaft and are arranged in helical line. Axis of shaft and cylindrical chamber is positioned at adjustable angle to horizontal plane. Steam guiding channel is positioned within shaft. Spraying nozzles are fixed on shaft between blades. Steam generator connected to steam guiding channel through valve has adjustable steam feeding and water supplying system, as well as system for cleaning and returning of used condensate. Steam generator has tank provided with dosed water supplying device and steam generating reservoir with electric heater.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of defibrillation process, intensified processing of rags and provision for elimination of substantial shortening of fibers.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry, and in particular to devices for separating and recovering waste flat textile materials (flap, knitwear, non-woven fabrics) from woolen fiber and its mixture with chemical fibers in order to reuse them as fibrous raw materials in the manufacture of textile products.

Of the existing technical solutions, the TP-800 single-drum pinch machine (Czech Republic) is known for loosening woolen and mixed fabrics, knitted and felt scraps, as well as scraps of material made from chemical fibers [1], containing a feed conveyor with a pair of corrugated feed rollers, a loosening drum with a gear set, a vane roller that dumps undeveloped material onto a feed conveyor for reprocessing, a pair of mesh drums and an output conveyor.

The prototype is a device for razvolennost flap [2], which allows for the regeneration of fibers in a production environment. The device contains power nodes, drums with a headset on the work surface, condensers. The first power unit includes two rollers, one of which is the first in the direction of movement of the flap, is made of gear, and the second is covered with a headset. The headset of the second roller has a cross direction with the headset of the working drum.

A disadvantage of the known constructions is that in the technology of cracking, the hard impact on the textile material from the gear working surfaces is taken as the basis, which is unacceptable for wool fibers having a longer length, crimp and elasticity compared to cotton. Such a force effect on textile structures in which the fibers are fixed to each other due to numerous bonds, as a rule, is associated with mass breaks and damage to expensive fibrous material.

In addition, the well-known technology of regeneration does not provide for the possibility of sequential separation of structurally related elements of textile material in the optimum necessary sequence, for example, fabric - yarn - single fibers. Nor is it envisaged to weaken the deformation inside the material element before the subsequent mechanical action, which is necessary for a less rigid structure with weakened bonds.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the productivity of the process of cracking, intensification of the development of the flap and the exclusion of significant shortening of the fibers during the regeneration process.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a device for the regeneration of textile waste containing a power unit with a conveyor and feed rollers, a loosening unit and a discharge conveyor, according to the invention, the power unit further has an exhaust device consisting of two pairs of rollers covered by a saw head set, the teeth of which tilted in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rollers, the loosening unit is a hollow blade shaft, which is located inside a cylinder coaxial with respect to it a rotary chamber equipped with an automatic temperature and humidity control system, the rotor blades are rotatable with respect to the axis of the shaft and are arranged along a helical line, the axis of the shaft and the cylindrical chamber are located at an adjustable angle to the horizontal, there is a vapor-conducting channel inside the shaft, and there are located between the blades on the shaft spray nozzles, a steam generator is connected to the steam channel through the valve with adjustable steam supply and water flow, cleaning and return annogo condensate, consisting of a tank with a metering device for supplying water and steam generation connected thereto tank with an electric heater.

Figure 1 presents the technological scheme of the inventive device for the regeneration of textile waste. Figure 2 shows a transverse view of the blade shaft.

A device for the regeneration of textile waste consists of a power unit, a loosening unit and an outlet conveyor. The power unit includes a feed conveyor 1 with a sealing roller 2 and an exhaust device located next to it along the product, consisting of two pairs of rollers 3 and 4 located one above the other, fitted with a gear set, the teeth of which are inclined in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rollers. The upper rollers 4 are pressed against the lower 3 by a spring load. The loosening unit consists of a hollow blade shaft 5, which is located inside a cylindrical chamber 6 coaxial with respect to it. The blade shaft is a pipe with blades 7 located on it along a helical line. The blades are fixed to the shaft with a fastening element 8 consisting of a washer and a figured nut , with the ability to control the angle α of rotation of the blade relative to the plane of rotation. The internal channel of the blade shaft using a pipe 9 with a valve is connected to a steam generator, consisting of a tank 10 with a float type device 11 for dispensing a water supply from a water supply 12. The tank 10 is connected to a steam-generating tank 13 in which an electric heater 14 is installed. the material inside the chamber 6 on the blade shaft arranged spray nozzles 15. At the bottom of the chamber 6 there is a pipe 16 for draining the condensate into the sump 17, equipped with a valve to remove sediment. The sump is connected by a return pipe 18 to the tank 10. The return pipe contains a filter 19 for cleaning condensate water from fibrous impurities and a centrifugal pump 20. The cylindrical chamber 6 together with the blade shaft 5 is installed at an angle β to the horizontal, with the possibility of its regulation when the entire structure is rotated around axis on the support 21 due to the rotation of the hinge screw 22. Inside the chamber 6 are installed sensors 23 of the system for automatic control of temperature and humidity. In the upper part of the working chamber 6, in the immediate vicinity of the power unit, there is a receiving window 24, in the lower part there is an outlet pipe 25, the size of the passage section of which can be changed by the sibling damper 26. A discharge conveyor 27 is located under the outlet pipe 25.

The device operates as follows. Flat textile material after cutting into small fragments and orienting in a continuous flow on a cutting machine via conveyor 1 (Fig. 1) enters the sealing roller 2. In the clamp formed between the roller and the conveyor belt, the material enters under the influence of the teeth of the headset of the rollers 3, 4, linear whose speed is slightly higher than that of the conveyor. Due to the difference in speeds, the tooth acts forcefully on an element of the fibrous structure (a flap of fabric, knitwear or a nonwoven fabric) and weakening of bonds between threads and fibers. As the speed increases in the next pair of rollers 3, 4, this effect gradually increases. Due to the small drawing, in the range from 2 to 2.5, the longitudinal orientation of the released threads and fibers occurs and they are pulled apart between the teeth of the headsets of the first and second pairs of rollers. This leads to a weakening of the elements of the textile structure and to a decrease in their bulk weight.

Then, the material pre-pulled in the power unit through the receiving window 24 enters the loosening unit. Here, the blades of the rotating shaft 5 act on the material. The arrangement of the blades along a helical line and their rotation through an angle α relative to the plane of rotation allows it to work like a screw, moving the material to the outlet pipe 25. When the blades hit the weakened fragments of fibrous structures, further razvolnenie and loosening of material . The position of the blades and their shape determines the effectiveness of the deformation and the speed of movement of the material along the blade shaft.

As you know, the adhesion of wool fibers decreases sharply when exposed to water vapor together with sizing emulsions. Exposure to heated steam increases the efficiency of deformation of textile structures, and also cleans and disinfects them. Humidification with steam allows you to achieve the finest atomization of liquid droplets in the air stream and to obtain its uniform distribution throughout the working chamber. Steam through the pipeline 9 enters the hollow blade shaft 5 and is distributed along the working chamber 6 using spray nozzles 15 located along the entire length of the shaft.

Steam is formed in the tank 13 due to the heating of the water by an electric heater 14, the temperature of which, and therefore the intensity of vaporization, are regulated by an automatic system. This system, using sensors 23, maintains a constant temperature of 25-27 ° C in a working chamber 6 with a relative humidity of 65-70%. Water for the formation of steam enters the tank 10 from the water supply 12. The water level is maintained constant using a dosing device of float type 11. If necessary, an emulsion or disinfectant solution is supplied to the tank. The spent steam in the form of condensate is collected at the bottom of the working chamber and is discharged through the pipe 16 into the sump 17. Heavy suspensions settle to the bottom of the sump and are periodically removed through a special valve. The settled condensate through the return pipe 18 after cleaning from fine suspensions on the filter 19 is fed by a centrifugal pump 20 to the tank 10.

The blade shaft is located at an angle β to the horizontal plane, so light particles of material move along the shaft faster than heavy ones. Those, in turn, as a result of the delay, are exposed to a longer exposure to steam and blades and are brought to the necessary degree of dispersion. The angle β depending on the type of waste, its physical and mechanical properties is in the range of 0-10 °, which determines the delay time of large fragments and the degree of their separation. The inclination of the working chamber with the blade shaft located in it is regulated by turning the hinge screw 22, which has a hexagonal head for a wrench.

The processed material exits the working chamber through the outlet pipe 25. The size of the passage section of the outlet pipe affects the filling of the working chamber with material and can be changed by the shutter damper 26 depending on the speed mode and the performance of the device. A discharge conveyor 27 feeds the pulled material to the next machine.

Thus, the sequentially located power and loosening nodes provide a gradually increasing deformation of the fibrous structures, which, together with the action of water vapor and emulsifiers, preserves the integrity of the fibers.

Information sources

1. Kahramanov F.R., Frolov V.D. New technologies for the recovery of textile waste and yarn from them. - Ivanovo: IGTA, 2005 .-- 292 p.

2. Device for razvoleniya flap. RF patent No. 2099449, D01G 11/00 BI No. 35, 1997.

Claims (1)

A device for recovering textile waste containing a power unit with a conveyor and feed rollers, a loosening unit and an outlet conveyor, characterized in that the power unit additionally has an exhaust device consisting of two pairs of rollers covered by a saw headset, the teeth of which are inclined in the direction opposite to rotation rollers, the loosening unit is a hollow blade shaft, which is located inside a coaxial cylindrical relative to it, equipped with an automatic p regulation of temperature and humidity, the rotor blades are adjustable with respect to the axis of the shaft and are arranged along a helical line, the axis of the shaft and the cylindrical chamber are located at an adjustable angle to the horizontal, there is a steam-conducting channel inside the shaft, spray nozzles are located between the blades on the shaft, and to the steam-conducting channel through the valve a steam generator is connected with adjustable steam supply and water flow, cleaning and returning the spent condensate, consisting of a tank with a device for Dosing water supply and connected thereto steam generation tank with electric heater.

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