RU2306188C1 - Separator for the loose crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; agriculture; production of the devices for separation of the cereals and the groats.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the pneumatic separators for the loose stocks, in particular, to the cereals and the groats used for separation from the grain heap of the valuable aligned seeds of the heightened biological value and the milling fraction at the flour mills, shelling of the groats raw and sorting of the groats. The separator of the loose crops, in particular, the grains and the cereal products includes: the distributor of the cereals along the blowing chamber widthwise; the horizontal blowing chamber with the shutters at the inlet and the outlet; the dividing chamber partitioned lengthwise by the relocatable partitions, the located under the blowing chamber valve boxes and the valves of discharge of the accumulated above them product. The grain distributor is sealed against the air penetration from the environment. The walls of the blowing chamber are made plane without the ribs the air turbulence. The grain is fed into the blowing chamber from the distance up to the vertical wall of 1-1.5 cm. The valves are made in the form of the pipes made out of the elastic material and are closing under action of the rarefaction in the blowing chamber and are opening under action of the mass of the product. The technical result of the invention is improvement of the quality of separation of the loose crops into the desirable quantity of the fractions.

EFFECT: the invention ensures the improved quality of separation of the loose crops into the desirable quantity of the fractions.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to pneumatic separators for bulk products, in particular grain and cereals, used to separate from the heap of full-fledged aligned seeds of high biological value, the grinding fraction in mills, when cleaning cereal raw materials and sorting cereals.

Known "Separator of bulk products" Agarkov V.I. The decision to grant a patent for the invention on October 19, 2005, priority of 02.28.2002, is intended in particular for the separation of grain and grain products, including a receiving hopper, a grain distributor across the width of the blowing chamber, a horizontal blowing chamber with shutters at the inlet and outlet, a dividing chamber , divided along the length by partitions and located under the blow-off chamber having valve boxes at the bottom with dump valves for the product accumulated above them, a balanced counterweight, and attached to the bottom of the valve boxes.

The experience of using the specified separator showed that the quality of its work (division of the inflated mass) largely depends on the presence of turbulent flows in the technological process, which significantly degrade the quality of the separator.

To reduce turbulence in the air flow, this “Bulk Product Separator” provides:

- to prevent air leakage through the grain distributor, its sealing is provided;

- to prevent the occurrence of turbulence, the walls of the blowing chamber are made flat, without ribs causing turbulence;

- since a flat wall in contact with the air flow causes its unevenness, the grain is supplied to the blowing chamber from a distance to the vertical wall of 1-1.5 cm;

- the metal valve when dumping the product from the valve box does not provide tightness around the entire perimeter of the opening gap between the valve and the box. In some places, it is blocked by grain, and in some it remains open for air intake into the blowing chamber, creating turbulence. To eliminate this negative phenomenon, the valve is made in the form of a pipe from an elastic material, for example, from thin rubber, leather, including artificial. When a vacuum occurs in the blowing chamber, the elastic pipe is compressed, blocking the air intake. The accumulation of the product over the pipe reduces the rarefaction of air and creates a vertical load, under the action of which part of the pipe opens and the product is poured down without suction of air into the blowing chamber.

The drawing shows a grain separator, dividing the initial mass into five fractions: seeds, food grain, feed grain, straw products, dust particles.

It consists of a blow-out chamber 1 having an air inlet and outlet damper at the inlet and outlet. A dividing chamber 2 is attached to it from below, partitioned by elastic plates 4 into four compartments. The elastic plates are attached to the partitions 8. Four valve boxes 3 are attached to the bottom of the dividing chamber, in which the elastic valves 7 are placed, when the vacuum is created, the valves are compressed, preventing the penetration of air from below, and open under the action of the weight of the product accumulated above them. The screw distributor has a valve for adjusting the feed of grain, sealed with a casing 10 from the ingress of air from the outside. The grain is fed into the blowing chamber from a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the vertical wall. Each elastic partition 8 is held upright by a screw 6 screwed into a nut 5 welded to the body of the chamber 2. There are runners along the walls of the chamber 2 along which the partitions 8 slide freely.

The work of the separator is as follows. From the distributor 9, the grain is fed into the blowing chamber, where the air flow is regulated by the shutters so that its various fractions are separated along the entire length of the dividing chamber and through the valves exit: into the channel A - seeds; in channel B - food grain; in channel C - feed grain; in channel D - straw impurities. Dust leaves with the air in a cyclone. By moving the screws 6 of the shutter 8, it is possible to change the length of each zone of the captured product, i.e. its quantity.

The separator is manufactured, tested, showed high performance and efficiency.

Claims (1)

The separator of bulk products, in particular grain and grain products, including a distributor across the width of the blowing chamber, a horizontal blowing chamber with inlet and outlet dampers, a dividing chamber divided in length by movable partitions located under the blowing chamber by valve boxes and dump valves of the product accumulated above them, characterized in that the grain distributor is sealed against air from the external environment, the walls of the blowing chamber are made flat without ribs, turbulence, and grain is fed into the blowing chamber from a distance to the vertical wall of 1-1.5 cm, the valves are made in the form of pipes made of elastic material, which are closed under the influence of rarefaction in the blower chamber and opened under the influence of the product weight.