RU237484U1 - Combined tillage unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to systems of combined units for combining agricultural operations performed in one pass. In order to improve the quality of pre-sowing tillage with the application of liquid complex fertilizers, in a combined tillage unit, including a modular structure containing a longitudinal frame made in the form of an upper ridge beam and two lower side beams located symmetrically relative to the upper one, which are made of rectangular pipes, equipped with welded ribs-connectors, wherein the frame is made in the form of sections with a length depending on the length in the working or transport position of the corresponding transverse modules for loosening, wherein the frame sections are connected so that their geometric centers coincide with the longitudinal axes of the attached beams of the said sections, for which the ends of the sections in front and behind the longitudinal frame are equipped with brackets in the form of a fork and an earring for connecting the sections using connecting pins, a trailer hitch in the front part for connecting to a tractor, with a hydraulic cylinder, with a turnbuckle with a frame of support wheels, a block of low-pressure wide-profile support and transport wheels, equipped at the rear a hydraulic cylinder, wherein a disk module mounted on a rotary beam is fixed behind the coupling, and behind it a two-beam frame with vertical brackets is fixed for installing racks with chisels on the first beam, and racks with chopper rollers mounted on both sides at the ends of racks bent in the opposite direction of movement on the second beam and equipped with welded knives from the RSM-100 Don-680M combine, made with one-sided sharpening and from spring steel, wherein the second beam at the rear has additional brackets for fixing a spring-loaded spiral roller, while, according to the utility model, an electric pump equipped with an inlet pipe with a valve with an outlet, connected to a pipe with sprayers located perpendicular to the movement, is mounted in front of the disk module on the frame, and brackets with connecting rings are pivotally mounted on both sides of the chisel block frame, thanks to which, by means of kingpins, they are coupled, first on one side, then on the other, with carts on wheels carrying containers with liquid communal services, also having pipes with valves and connecting fittings for communication via a flexible rubber hose with the inlet pipe of the electric pump.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to systems of combined units for combining agricultural operations performed in one pass.

The "Unit for Combining Agricultural Operations" (RU Patent No. 2390115, 2010) is known. It includes a supporting system, a hitch, tines, a hopper, a support wheel, fertilizer spreaders, and a device for subsoil application of fertilizers. The unit is also equipped with disc harrows mounted in front of the tines. The disc harrow axes are set at an angle to the path of the tines. Fertilizer lines for surface application of fertilizers are mounted in front of the disc harrows. The tines have spreaders that receive a mixture of air and fertilizer for dispersal under the soil. Two rows of compactor rollers are located in series behind the tines. This design improves the quality of topsoil processing and ensures uniform incorporation of fertilizers.

The disadvantage of this unit is that it applies solid fertilizers in the form of fertilizers. It is therefore equipped with a fertilizer hopper, fertilizer spreaders, and other application equipment. This leaves plant nutrients in a poorly accessible state, resulting in low efficiency of solid fertilizer application, especially in drought conditions. Agronomists using liquid fertilizers report a 20-25% increase in average yields across all soils and crops.

A technical means is known in the form of a deep ripper of the Maschio Gaspardo Artiglio 400/9 brand, converted for the standardized application of liquid complex fertilizers (LCF), urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN), mounted on an energy means (see the Internet - electronic resource: https://rkd.com.ua/product-category/subsoiler/ 2022), containing a classic frame design in the form of a "wave", nine working racks 35 mm thick with knives with side blades-wings and with teeth coated with tungsten carbide, a hydraulic double ring rear roller, a barrel with a volume of 2000 liters mounted on its frame, a pump, a pressure regulation system, a system for dosing and supplying working fluid to the soil in the form of a distribution pipe with drain plastic tubes, connected and fixed at the back on the racks between the side with wing-blades.

The disadvantage of this design is that the unit lacks the necessary functions for agricultural operations. For example, there is no disking function, no complex surface leveling mechanism, and the fact that the drum is mounted on the unit's frame, increasing its volume and weight. Also, the quality of fertilizer application is poor, resulting in environmental issues due to contact with groundwater when cultivating at a depth of 15 cm or more. Furthermore, the liquid fertilizer complex and urea-amino-acid (UAC) are applied in rows rather than in a continuous pattern. A dense strip of seedlings emerges where fertilizer is applied, while sparse seedlings emerge between the strips due to a lack of fertilizer.

The closest in technical essence and achieved economic effect is the Soil-cultivating unit (RU patent 201700 2020), including a modular design containing a longitudinal frame made in the form of an upper ridge beam and two lower side beams located symmetrically relative to the upper one, which are made of rectangular pipes, equipped with welded ribs-connectors, and the frame is made in the form of sections with a length depending on the length in the working or transport position of the corresponding transverse modules for loosening, and the frame sections are connected so that their geometric centers coincide with the longitudinal axes of the attached beams of the said sections, for which the ends of the sections in front and behind the longitudinal frame are equipped with brackets in the form of a fork and an earring for connecting the sections using connecting pins, a trailer hitch in the front part for connecting to a tractor, with a hydraulic cylinder, with a turnbuckle with a frame of support wheels, a block of support and transport wide-profile low-pressure wheels at the rear equipped with a hydraulic cylinder, while a disk module mounted on a rotating beam is fixed behind the coupling, and behind it a two-beam frame with vertical brackets is fixed for installing racks with chisels on the first beam, and racks with chopper rollers on the second beam, mounted on both sides at the ends of racks bent in the opposite direction of movement and equipped with welded knives from the RSM-100 "Don-680M" combine made with one-sided sharpening and from spring steel, and the second beam at the rear has additional brackets for securing a spring-loaded spiral roller.

The disadvantage of this tillage unit is the low quality of soil preparation due to the lack of a system for combining tillage operations and the application of liquid fertilizers.

The technical result is an improvement in the quality of pre-sowing soil cultivation with the introduction of liquid complex fertilizers.

The technical solution is achieved in that in a combined tillage unit, including a modular structure containing a longitudinal frame made in the form of an upper ridge beam and two lower side beams located symmetrically relative to the upper one, which are made of rectangular pipes, equipped with welded ribs-connectors, wherein the frame is made in the form of sections with a length depending on the length in the working or transport position of the corresponding transverse modules for loosening, wherein the frame sections are connected so that their geometric centers coincide with the longitudinal axes of the attached beams of the said sections, for which the ends of the sections in front and behind the longitudinal frame are equipped with brackets in the form of a fork and an earring for connecting the sections with the help of connecting pins, a trailer hitch in the front part for connecting to a tractor, with a hydraulic cylinder, with a turnbuckle with a frame of support wheels, a block of low-pressure wide-profile support and transport wheels at the rear equipped with a hydraulic cylinder, and a hitch is fixed behind the hitch a disk module mounted on a rotating beam, and behind it a two-beam frame with vertical brackets is fixed for installing racks with chisels on the first beam, and racks with chopper rollers on the second beam, mounted on both sides at the ends of the racks bent in the opposite direction of movement and equipped with welded knives from the RSM-100 Don-680M combine, made with one-sided sharpening and from spring steel, and the second beam at the rear has additional brackets for fixing a spring-loaded spiral roller, while, according to the utility model, in front of the disk module on the frame an electric pump equipped with an inlet pipe with a valve is mounted with an outlet, communicated with a pipe with sprayers located perpendicular to the movement, and on the frame of the chisel block on two lateral sides brackets with connecting rings are pivotally mounted, thanks to which, by means of kingpins, they engage either on one side or with another, with trolleys on wheels carrying containers with liquid communal services, also having pipes with valves and connecting fittings for communication via a flexible rubber hose with the inlet pipe of an electric pump.

The new elements are that in front of the disk module, an electric pump with an outlet pipe is mounted on the frame, equipped with an inlet pipe with a valve, connected to a frame with sprayers placed perpendicular to the movement, and on the frame of the chisel block, on both sides, brackets with connecting rings are pivotally mounted, providing the ability to alternately engage different sides with a trolley with a container with liquid complex fertilizers, connected by means of a flexible rubber hose to the outlet pipe of the electric pump.

The utility model is schematically represented in the drawings,

where in Fig. 1 - Combined tillage unit in transport position (side view);

in Fig. 2 - also in operation, a cart with a container on the left side;

in Fig. 3 - also, in operation, a cart with a container on the right side,

where 1, 2 are frame sections

3 - horizontal brackets

4 - disk module

5 - double-beam frame

6 - vertical bracket

7, 9 - racks

8 - chisels

10 - chopper rollers

11 - knives

12 - additional brackets

13 - spiral roller

14 - trailer coupling

15,18 - hydraulic cylinders

16 - lanyard

17 - support wheel frame

19 - block

20 - low-pressure wide-profile support and transport wheels

21 - electric pump

22 - frame with nozzles

23 - brackets

24 - trolley

25 - container with liquid complex fertilizers.

The combined tillage unit has a modular design and comprises a longitudinal frame consisting of an upper center beam and two lower side beams, symmetrically positioned relative to the upper beam. These beams are made of rectangular tubing and equipped with welded tie ribs. The frame is composed of sections 1 and 2, with a length dependent on the working or transport length of the corresponding transverse loosening modules. Sections 1 and 2 of the frame are connected so that their geometric centers coincide with the longitudinal axes of the attached beams of these sections. For this purpose, the ends of sections 1 and 2 at the front and rear of the longitudinal frame are equipped with fork-and-shackle brackets for connecting the sections using connecting pins (not shown in the diagrams). An electric pump 21 is mounted on section 1. A frame with nozzles for applying liquid fertilizer 22 is also secured to section 1 of the frame using horizontal brackets 3 and bolts. It is connected to the electric pump 21 and a disk module 4, mounted transversely on a rotating beam (not shown in the drawing). Two brackets 23 with connecting rings are pivotally mounted to section 2 (not shown in the drawing). A trolley 24 with a tank for liquid fertilizer 25 is hooked to brackets 23. Behind it, a two-beam frame 5 with vertical brackets 6 on the first and second beams is secured to section 2 using similar brackets. The first beam is equipped with posts 7 with chisels 8, and the second beam is equipped with posts 9 with chopper rollers 10. The chopper rollers 10 are mounted on both sides of the ends of the posts 9 bent in the opposite direction of movement and are equipped with welded knives 11 from the RSM-100 Don-680M combine, made with single-sided sharpening and from spring steel. The second beam has additional brackets 12 at the rear for securing the spring-loaded spiral roller 13. The unit for connecting to the tractor has a trailer coupling 14 with a hydraulic cylinder 15 at the front, with a turnbuckle 16 with a frame of support wheels 17. At the rear, the unit includes a block 19 of low-pressure wide-profile support and transport wheels 20 equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 18.

The operation of the utility model is as follows.

During soil cultivation, when the power means moves the unit, the electric pump 21 supplies fertilizer through the outlet pipe to the frame with nozzles 22, the disks of the disk module 4, rotating, crush the stubble and plant residues and mix them when introduced into the soil, thereby incorporating the fertilizers. Following these, the chisels 8, mounted on the first frame beam 5 in brackets 6 on posts 7, come into operation, loosening the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm. Behind the chisel unit 8, posts 9 with chopper rollers 10, mounted in brackets 6 on the second beam, come into operation. Due to the fact that the chopper rollers 10 are mounted on both sides at the ends of posts 9 bent in the opposite direction of movement and are equipped with welded knives 11, which have a single-sided sharpening and are made of spring-resistant steel, they will crush and fill the soil back into the voids formed by the disks, chisels, and posts, i.e. they will crumble and level the soil. Moreover, the single-sided sharpening facilitates penetration into the soil. The final stage of soil leveling and compaction is achieved by the spring-loaded spiral roller 13, attached to the second frame beam 5 using additional brackets 12. Thanks to the modular design, the arrangement of sections 1 and 2, and thus the soil-cultivating working tools, can be combined. Hydraulic cylinder 15, turnbuckle 16 on the towing hitch 14, and hydraulic cylinder 19 on the block 18 of the low-pressure wide-profile support and transport wheels 20 are used to convert the unit from the transport position to the working position, and the tillage depth is adjusted.

The use of this utility model will improve the quality of soil cultivation and fertilizer application, expanding the functionality of the device. Placing the liquid fertilizer container parallel to the unit's movement allows for uniform soil cultivation. This placement also prevents excessive pressure on the soil.

Claims (1)

A combined tillage unit comprising a modular structure comprising a longitudinal frame made in the form of an upper ridge beam and two lower side beams arranged symmetrically relative to the upper one, which are made of rectangular tubes equipped with welded ribs-connectors, wherein the frame is made in the form of sections with a length depending on the length in the working or transport position of the corresponding transverse modules for loosening, wherein the frame sections are connected so that their geometric centers coincide with the longitudinal axes of the attached beams of the said sections, for which purpose the ends of the sections in front and behind the longitudinal frame are equipped with brackets in the form of a fork and an earring for connecting the sections with the help of connecting pins, a trailer hitch in the front part for connecting to a tractor, with a hydraulic cylinder, with a turnbuckle with a frame of support wheels, a block of low-pressure wide-profile support and transport wheels at the rear, equipped with a hydraulic cylinder, wherein a disk module mounted on a rotary beam, and behind it a two-beam frame with vertical brackets is fixed for installation on the first beam of racks with chisels, and on the second - racks with chopper rollers, mounted on both sides at the ends of racks bent in the opposite direction of movement and equipped with welded knives from the RSM-100 "Don-680M" combine, made with one-sided sharpening and from spring steel, and the second beam at the rear has additional brackets for fixing a spring-loaded spiral roller, characterized in that in front of the disk module on the frame an electric pump equipped with an inlet pipe with a valve is mounted with an outlet pipe, communicated with a frame with sprayers located perpendicular to the movement, and on the frame of the chisel block on both sides brackets with connecting rings are pivotally mounted, providing the ability to alternately engage different sides with a trolley with a container with liquid complex fertilizers, communicated via a flexible rubber hose with the outlet pipe of the electric pump.