RU2390115C1 - Machine for combination of agrotechnical operations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine includes a bearing system, a hinge, blades, a batcher, a support wheel, fertiliser distributing devices, the soil fertilisation device. It also has disk harrows that are placed before blades. Axes of disk harrows are fixed at an angle to a line of blades movement. There are wireways mounted before disk harrows for surface fertilisation. The blades have scatterers; the mix of air and fertilisers for under soil fertilisation arrives to these scatterers. There are two rows of packers behind the blades.

EFFECT: machine makes it possible to raise quality of the top layer soil processing, provide equal fertilisation and to increase agricultural crops yield as well.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to systems of combined units for combining agrotechnical operations performed in a single pass.

A known unit for combining agrochemical operations is a combined tillage machine (SU a.s. No. 1523060, MKI A01B 49/02) containing a frame on which are mounted plane-cutting working bodies, support wheels, a hitch.

The disadvantages of the known unit include the fact that during operation, the roller disks stick together due to the ingress of crop residues of moist soil into the interdisc space, insufficient compaction, only separate sowing of grain crops is performed.

Known combined tillage sowing machine / 2 /, performing a combination of agricultural operations, containing a frame, working bodies, support wheels, a linkage, bins, sowing machines and devices for intra-soil fertilizing.

The disadvantages of the known aggregate include unsatisfactory creation of the upper soil layer, uneven vertical density of the soil.

To eliminate the disadvantages of the known units, to combine agricultural operations and achieve a positive technical result, which consists in improving the quality of loosening the soil and fertilizing under the soil, the unit is equipped with disks mounted in front of the legs, and the axis of the disks disks are installed at an angle to the line of movement of the legs, and in front of fertilizer ducts for surface fertilizer application are mounted by discs, and the legs have diffusers, which receive a mixture of air with fertilizers for sieving them under the soil howling, while behind the paws two rows of compactor rollers are arranged sequentially, in addition, behind the paws with diffusers, a row of paws with an elongated rack is installed in tiers, in addition, the legs of the second tier with an elongated rack are equipped with vertical-sided feathering cultivators.

The location of the drive axles in front of the legs of the pipelines, firstly, makes it possible to combine small tillage operations with layer-by-layer loosening, and secondly, to fertilize the soil with most of the crop residues on the surface in the upper soil layer.

The implementation of the racks of the legs hollow allows you to direct incoming fertilizer from the hopper under the soil and distribute them under the soil at a depth of travel of the legs.

Setting the axis of the disc disks at an angle to the line of movement of the paws with diffusers makes it possible to increase the distribution of fertilizers over the paws and increase the degree of crumbling of the soil of the upper layer.

The arrangement of the paws according to the scheme in two rows tier increases the softening of the soil during cultivation and allows you to gradually introduce nutrients for the distribution of the root system of cultivated crops in the lower horizon of the root layer of the soil.

Installation of the vane cultivator on the legs with an extended stand allows you to increase the moisture capacity of the cultivated soil layer.

The location behind the second tier of the paws of two rows of compactors with rotating sections from the soil allows you to form a soil layer with optimal vertical density, which makes it possible to accumulate and retain moisture in the soil for a long time and spend it rationally during the development and cultivation of crops in certain growth phases.

Figure 1 shows the technological scheme of the unit for combining operations (side view).

Figure 2 shows the process:

a - surface fertilization; b - incorporation of fertilizers into the upper layer, small loosening; c - fertilizer incorporation, deep loosening of more than 25 cm; g - soil compaction - increased contact of fertilizer with soil.

Figure 3 drawn paw with vane cultivator.

On figa - structural diagram of the unit (side view).

The unit for combining operations includes a carrier system 1, a linkage 2, legs 3, hoppers 4, 5, a support wheel 6, a fertilizer meter 7, a disc 8, a device 9 for subsoil fertilizer application, axis 10, pipelines 11, mixer 12, diffuser 13, elongated rack 14, vane ripper 15, roller compactor 16.

Bins 4, 5 with fertilizer devices 7 are fixed on top of the support rack 1, under which the pipelines 11 are located. A technical feature of the proposed unit is that it is equipped with disks 8 mounted in front of the legs 3, in which the rack is hollow and equipped with air mixers with fertilizers 12, the diffuser 13 and the device 9 for intrasoil fertilization. In addition, a leg with a vane cultivator 15 is attached to the rack 14. Two rows of compactor rollers 16 are attached to the rear beam of the support rack 1.

The unit operates as follows. When moving along the field, the paws 3 cut the formation without a lapel, from the bunkers 4, 5 by the fertilizer metering device 7, through the mixer 12, a mixture of fertilizers and air is fed through the fertilizer ducts 11 to the diffuser 15 of the legs to seal the fertilizer under the soil. Elongated racks 14, vane cultivators 15 cut the formation into small fractions. The creation of the optimal addition of the upper soil layer is ensured by the work of two rows of compactors 16.

To determine the effectiveness of planting fertilizers in the soil, an aggregate was developed (see figure 4). An experimental unit was used, which is presented, a means for obtaining a mixture of fertilizer with air / 3 /, a plow PLN-5-35.

On the site where the PLN-5-35 plow worked, there was control, and where the experimental model of the unit worked, supercompost was introduced at a rate of 1.5 t / ha. It was introduced simultaneously with loosening the soil at two levels to a depth of 16 to 18 cm and a superficially mock gun, developed on the basis of a two-tier flat-cutting cultivator, which had a device for applying supercompost under the soil and a second device for applying it superficially using an additional system installed in front frames of a known technical solution.

Units were studied when working in the same gear and at the same speed and depth of cultivation. At the same time, agrotechnical indicators: soil crumbling, clumpiness of the treated surface, stubble preservation, processing depth along the head length and working width, furrow collapse and rollers remained unchanged during the course of loosening and fertilizing operations with the selected aggregate composition.

Before the experiments, the characteristics of the site were determined by moisture, hardness, soil porosity and contamination according to GOST 2911-34.

The movement of the guns was carried out in one direction for each plot of the experiment.

Further agricultural activities were carried out in accordance with the technology of cultivating corn. A mid-season hybrid of corn was sown with the SUPN-8 seeder. Pre-emergence harrowing, treatment of crops with 2,4D herbicide in the period from 3 to 5 leaves, and inter-row cultivations with the KRN-5.6 cultivator were carried out from the nursing measures. The plant standing density at the time of harvesting was 35 thousand / ha. Harvesting was carried out with threshing the cobs by a selection combine.

According to the results of the experiments, it was found that when performing the main processing with the PLN-5-35 dump plow, the grain yield was 40.7 kg / ha without fertilizing, and the experimental unit with fertilizer - 48.7 kg / ha.

Information sources

1. Combined tillage machine AC SU No. 1523060, MKI AB01 49/02, 03.24.88.

2. Combined tillage sowing machine C2 2161391 RU, MKI A01B 49/06, announced March 29, 1999; published January 10, 2001, Bull. No. 1.

3. Krasnoshchekov N.V. Fertilizer machines. Subsoiler-fertilizer of mineral fertilizers. / Machines for protecting soils from wind erosion. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat. - 1977. - P.82-94.

Claims (3)

1. The unit for combining agricultural operations, including a bearing system, a hitch, paws, a hopper, a support wheel, fertilizer devices, a device for subsoil fertilizer application, characterized in that it is equipped with disks mounted in front of the paws, and the axis of the disks disks are installed at an angle to lines of movement of the legs, and in front of the discs there are mounted pipelines for surface fertilizing, and the legs have diffusers, which receive a mixture of air with fertilizers for sieving them under the soil, paws are located sequentially two rows of rollers compactors. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that behind the legs with diffusers installed a row of legs with elongated racks. 3. The unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the legs with an elongated rack of the second tier are equipped with vane cultivators of vertical-side action.

Images