RU162407U1 - PLANT FEEDERS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A plant feeder, comprising a frame on which a fertilizer container with a pipe for feeding fertilizers is mounted, and a transverse frame on which the coulters are mounted using fastening units, each of which contains a cutting disk, behind which a knife and a tube for feeding fertilizers are mounted. 2. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that for supplying different types of fertilizers, a tube for supplying a working solution and / or a tube for loose solid fertilizers is provided. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting disk for more efficient cutting of plant residues has a notch, sharpening, cuts, waviness. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are located in front of the fertilizer tank on the transverse frame. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are located behind the fertilizer tank. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are installed with the possibility of their movement under different row spacing. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the opener knife is mounted with the possibility of changing the mounting height relative to the disk. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that for feeding different types of fertilizer, the fertilizer tank is equipped with a dispenser, a fan and a distributor for supplying loose solid fertilizers with an air stream. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that a washing tank is additionally installed on the device frame. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to protect the opener working bodies from overloads, a protective spring is additionally installed on the coulter mounting stand. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that on the transverse frame for attaching the working bodies

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, and in particular to equipment for subsoil fertilization, including vegetative row crops: sunflower, corn, sugar beets.

State of the art

A device for combined fertilizer application (RF patent No. 2443095 for an invention, publ. 02.27.2012), which includes a circular knife, opener, strainer, damper and parallelogram mechanism. In the device in the first embodiment, the circular knife in conjunction with the opener-deformer are hung on a parallelogram mechanism, which allows the working bodies to copy the surface of the field. The device is equipped with damper springs to adjust the depth of the working bodies. In the device according to the second embodiment, the opener-deformer with the scraper is connected to the parallelogram hinge pivotally with the possibility of its oscillation in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement, which allows the formation of dense furrow walls and to clean the cutting surface of the circular knife.

A disadvantage of the known device is that it is a separate working body without means of introducing (without capacity, without pump, without pipelines) liquid fertilizers.

Known tractor unit for subsoil introduction of liquid ammonia (RF patent No. 2332001 for invention, published on 08.27.2008), including a tractor, a field machine with working bodies, a ventilator system for exhausting gas from the area of working bodies. The exhaust fan system is connected to the tractor air filter.

The disadvantage of the above unit is that:

1. the unit is intended only for liquid ammonia, that is, one type of liquid fertilizer, while there is a need for the introduction of other liquid fertilizers, such as urea-ammonia mixture (UAN), liquid complex fertilizers (HCF), etc .;

2. The unit is difficult to use and process.

Known working body for applying liquid fertilizers (RF patent No. 2365084 for the invention, publ. 27.08.2209), which is mounted on a frame that is mounted using a hydraulic link to the rear bottom of the tank. The working body contains a flat-cutting lancet paw, a rack and a pipe-feeder for supplying fluid, installed along the front face of the rack. The feeder pipe at the bottom at the junction with the surface of the paw has a continuous window with an exit forward, left and right with peaks attached to its upper edge in an ajar form with an opening angle of both sides of the front visor and the rear sides of the left and right peaks relative to the walls of the feeder pipe no more than 30 ° and a continuous gap between the base of the visors and the surface of the paw - for free outflow along with fertilizers of possible organic and mechanical inclusions. The back wall of the feeder pipe, starting from a height of 60-80 mm above the window level, is made with an inclination forward and stretched all the way to the surface of the paw in front of the window. Opposite the front window with a visor between the toe of the paw and the feeder pipe, a cylindrical-shaped rake and a removable knife with the latter fastened from above along the axis of symmetry of the brace are installed at an angle of sliding of the roots and stems of the plants, and its upper end has a bifurcation with the lower branch attached to the feeder pipe above the upper edge of the front window with a visor, and the second branch with a free spring-flexible end is stretched along a smooth curve up to 100 mm above the level of the upper edge of the window in one longitudinally vertical gloss with the feeder pipe without touching it and displayed to the side of it along an arc of a circle.

A disadvantage of the known device is that it is only a working body without means of application (without capacity, without pump, etc.). Also, a flat-paw will loosen and dry a wide strip of soil.

Known combined unit for tillage and the application of liquid organic fertilizers on the slopes (RF patent No. 133999 for utility model, publ. 10.11.2013), including a frame with a leveling roller installed on it, equipped with slitherer, worm, pump station, rigid and flexible hoses, a spray gun, an applicator, moreover, a flexible hose is connected on one side to the spray gun and on the other hand to the outlet of the pumping station, the input of which is connected to a rigid hose, while the sloter and the wiper are mounted on the frame, and the applicator is mounted on the spray gun e, which is attached to the frame.

A disadvantage of the known aggregate is that it has limited use on the slopes and performs intensive tillage, which means with its drying out and is not applicable for processing rows of vegetative (growing) row crops.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect to the claimed device - the prototype - is a combined unit for soil treatment and the application of liquid organic fertilizers (RF patent No. 2352095 for the invention, publ. 04/20/2009), which contains a frame, cutting discs, filling nozzles , leveling roller, tank, pressure pipe, switching device, pressure hose and manifold pipe. The disks are arranged in four rows with the concavity of the disks of each subsequent row of the opposite concavity of the disks of the next row and are cut out. Each cut-out disk is equipped with an individual elastic suspension. The nozzles have deflector nozzles and are mounted on the convex side of the second row of discs. The cross-sectional area of the collector is equal to the sum of the areas of the filling nozzles.

A disadvantage of the known aggregate is that the aggregate is not applicable for applying liquid fertilizers to vegetative (growing) crops, since it processes the soil along the entire width of the aggregate (disk harrow). Also, the unit does not provide the required quality of fertilizer application.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the utility model is to create a simple and reliable device that allows you to efficiently and efficiently apply various types of fertilizers.

The technical result is to improve the quality of fertilizer application.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the plant feeder comprises a frame on which a fertilizer container with a pipe for feeding fertilizers is installed, and a transverse frame on which the coulters are mounted using fastening nodes, each of which contains a cutting disk, for which a knife and tube are installed for feeding fertilizers.

To supply different types of fertilizers, a tube for supplying working solution and / or a tube for loose solid fertilizers may be provided.

The cutting disk for more efficient cutting of plant debris can have a notch, sharpening, cuts, waviness.

The working bodies can be located in front of the fertilizer tank on the transverse frame or behind the fertilizer tank.

The working bodies can be installed with the possibility of their movement under different row spacing.

The opener can be mounted with the ability to change the height of the mount relative to the disc.

To supply different types of fertilizers, the fertilizer tank can be equipped with a metering unit, a fan and a distributor for supplying loose solid fertilizers with an air stream.

On the frame of the device can be additionally installed flushing tank.

In order to protect the opener working bodies against overloads, a protective spring can be additionally installed on the coulter mounting stand.

Support wheels can be installed on the transverse frame for fastening the working bodies.

The axles of the transport wheels may have the ability to change the track of the wheels for different row spacing.

Hydraulic cylinders can be installed on the device’s frame for raising and lowering the transverse frame with support wheels, and hydraulic cylinders designed for folding this frame can also be installed on the transverse frame for working bodies.

The coulter knife can be attached to the cutting disc with a bracket, which, in turn, is mounted on a stand using a hub and bracket through a rotary-safety assembly.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a plant feedman - a general view.

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the working body - opener - front-side view.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows a diagram of a plant feeder - side view.

In FIG. 4 is a diagram of a plant feedman - top view.

In the figures: frame 1, transverse frame 2 for fastening the working bodies, fertilizer tank 3, transport wheels 4, supporting wheels 5, working body-opener 6, pump 7, hydraulic cylinders 8 for folding frame 1, hydraulic cylinders 9 for folding frame 2, tank 10 flushing, cutting disk 11, knife 12, tube 13 for supplying working solution, hub 14 of disk 11, bracket 15 of knife 12, bracket 16 of disk 11, assembly 17 rotary-safety, spring 18 protective, counter 19 of opener 6, assembly 20 of opener 6 to frame 2, tube 21 for bulk (solid) fertilizers.

Utility Model Implementation

The plant feeder (plant feeder) contains, designed to be attached to the vehicle frame 1 (see Fig. 1). A container 3 for fertilizers and a washing tank 10, a transverse frame 2, designed for fastening the working bodies, as well as hydraulic cylinders 8 for folding the frame 1 and transport wheels 4 are installed on the frame 1.

The supporting wheels 5 are mounted on the frame 2, the working bodies are the openers 6, the pump 7 and the hydraulic cylinders 9, designed to fold the frame 2.

The working body of the plant feeder is openers 6, each of which contains (see Fig. 2): a cutting disk 11, behind which a knife 12 is mounted, a tube 13 for supplying working solution and (or) a tube 21 for bulk (solid) fertilizers. The knife 12 with the help of the bracket 15 is attached to the disk 11, which in turn with the help of the hub 14 and the bracket 16 through the node 17 is rotary-safety mounted on the rack 19. The coulter protective spring 18 is designed to protect the coulter working bodies (disk and knife) from overloads . When the coulter hits a stone (or other solid object), a disk 11 with a knife 12 compresses the spring 18 and bends backward, digging out of the soil, passing an obstacle, and then self-deepens under the action of the spring and returns to their working position. Each of the openers 6 with the help of the mounting unit 20 is mounted on the frame 2 with the possibility of vertical and horizontal movement.

The disk 11 located in front of the knife 12 serves to cut the soil and plant debris so that the knife 12 wears out less and clogs less plant debris. The disk 11 for more efficient cutting of plant residues may have a notch, sharpening, cuts, waviness, etc.

A coulter with a disk knife (disk) is especially needed in cases of direct sowing in which many plant residues remain in the fields. When growing plants using technology involving intensive tillage, for example, plowing, in which there is very little or no plant residue, the coulter can be used without a disk (circular knife).

The device operates as follows.

The plant feeder (plant feeder) is attached to the tractor (not shown in the figure) for applying liquid or loose fertilizers and moves to the field. Before the start of field work on applying liquid fertilizers in fields with crops grown in rows (for example, corn, sunflower, sugar beets), the necessary track (placement width) of wheels 4 is preliminarily set on the plant feeder so that the wheels fall on the row spacing, for example, 70 cm. The coulter pitch with the required row spacing, for example, 70 cm, is also exhibited so as not to damage the cultivated plants. Using tractor hydraulics, a frame 2 with openers is unfolded from the tractor cab and hydraulic cylinders 8. Then, using the hydraulic cylinders 9, the frame with the coulters is lowered and the coulters 6 are deepened into the soil. The support wheels 5 with height adjustment are used to regulate the depth of the coulters. Also, for additional regulation of the depth of fertilizer application by the coulters, the coulter attachment unit serves to attach the coulter to the frame 20 using the coulter rack 19, with which you can lower or raise the coulter relative to the soil. On the knife 12 of the opener there are holes for adjusting the knife in height relative to the disk. The disk 11 may have cutouts, sharpening, a notch, a wavy shape, moreover, waves can be located both throughout the disk and along part of the disk.

After the coulters set the required fertilizer depth, for example, 10 cm, a power take-off shaft (PTO) is turned on from the tractor cab, which drives pump 7 through a cardan (not shown), a pump can be used driven from the wheels of the implement or from the hydraulic system tractor.

From the tank 3 through the pipeline, the working solution is pumped to the opener by a pump through a distributor regulator with a manometer (not shown in the figure) to each opener 6. The rate of flow of the working solution is regulated by the regulator - distributor (valve block) by means of pressure regulation by the type of field sprayers. After setting the depth of application of the working solution, a tractor with a plant feeder (plant feeder) starts moving along the field and introduces liquid fertilizer into the soil with a given depth and application rate.

When turning at the edge of the field, the tractor driver turns off the PTO, and using the hydraulic cylinder 9, the frame 2 rises and the coulters are deepened. After a U-turn, frame 2 with coulters is lowered and the PTO is engaged and the working solution begins to enter the soil. After the completion of agrochemical work with clean water from the washing tank 10 by switching the feed with a three-way valve (not shown in the figure), water is supplied to the distribution hoses and coulters and their washing from the working solution.

If the plant feeder works with liquid fertilizers, then they enter the soil through the tube 13 to supply the working solution. If the plant feeder works with solid (loose) fertilizers, then they enter the soil through the tube 21, and the fertilizer tank 3 should be replaced by a hopper with a pneumatic system (not shown in Fig.) With pipelines (hoses).

Thus, as a result of the implementation of the claimed utility model, the quality of fertilizer application is improved.

The plant feeder has the following advantages:

- A narrow opener that does not have a paw loosens only a narrow strip without draining the soil unnecessarily.

- The axles of the support wheels can be adjusted to different row spacings (e.g. 45 cm, 56 cm, 70 cm, 72 cm, etc.).

- The working bodies can also be moved under different row spacing (for example, 45 cm, 56 cm, 70 cm, 72 cm, etc.).

- The working bodies are placed in front of the tank, which allows the tractor operator to visually monitor their clogging and timely cleaning.

- For ease of use, two or three tanks and two or three pumps can be installed on the frame for simultaneous application of two or three different working solutions.

A comparative analysis of the claimed utility model showed that the set of essential features of the claimed device is not known from the prior art and therefore corresponds to the patentability condition “Novelty”.

The above information confirms the possibility of using the claimed device in agriculture for fertilizing, and therefore meets the patentability condition "Industrial applicability".

Claims (14)

1. A plant feeder, comprising a frame on which a fertilizer container with a pipe for feeding fertilizers is mounted, and a transverse frame on which the coulters are mounted using attachment points, each of which contains a cutting disk, behind which a knife and a tube for feeding fertilizers are mounted. 2. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that for supplying different types of fertilizers, a tube for supplying a working solution and / or a tube for loose solid fertilizers is provided. 3. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting disk for more efficient cutting of plant residues has a notch, sharpening, cuts, waviness. 4. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are located in front of the fertilizer tank on the transverse frame. 5. The feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are located behind the fertilizer tank. 6. The feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are installed with the possibility of their movement under different row spacing. 7. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the opener is installed with the possibility of changing the height of the mount relative to the disk. 8. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that for feeding different types of fertilizer, the fertilizer tank is equipped with a dispenser, a fan and a distributor for supplying loose solid fertilizers with an air stream. 9. The feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that a washing tank is additionally installed on the device frame. 10. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that to protect the opener working bodies from overloads, a protective spring is additionally installed on the coulter mounting stand. 11. The feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting wheels are mounted on the transverse frame for fastening the working bodies. 12. The feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the axles of the transport wheels have the ability to change the track of the wheels for different row spacing. 13. The feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that hydraulic cylinders are installed on the device frame for raising and lowering the transverse frame with support wheels, and hydraulic cylinders for folding this frame are also installed on the transverse frame for working bodies. 14. The feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the opener knife is attached to the cutting disk with a bracket, which, in turn, is mounted on a stand using a hub and bracket through a hub.

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