RU2367194C1 - Multicomponent mixture for animal feedstuff production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to animal feedstuff production. According to the method crude oats is used along with milled beans of natural semifat soya. Crowned saw-wort halms (wastes of dietary supplement "Serpisten" production) of are used as vegetable raw material. Sunflower oilcakes are used as additional component. Oats, crowned saw-wort halms, sunflower oilcakes and soya beans are mixed in ratio 7:1:2:2, hydrolysis is performed by supply of oats and saw-wort halms into fermenter, soaking components in 0.01 M acetate buffer with pH 4.7 till 20% concentration, mixture warming up till 55°C, following adding of fermentative agents, mixture incubation while being constantly mixed during 3 hours, sunflower oilcakes adding to the mixture, following of preset hydrolysis mode during 1 hour, following temperature increase till 60°C and following the mode during 4 hours. After hydrolysis is finished, hydrolysed product is mixed with milled natural soya beans with following evaporation of mixture till concentration needed, providing fluid or granulated end product.

EFFECT: invention increases feed mixture balance and nutritious value.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural biotechnology and can be used in the production of animal feed for monogastric animals, including poultry farms and pig farms.

It is known that at livestock enterprises, corn and wheat are mainly used as part of grain feeds [Norms and rations for feeding agricultural animals: Reference manual / A.P. Kalashnikov, N.I. Kleimenov, V.N.Bakanov, etc. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1985.- (S.135-137, 244-250). This is due to the fact that these cultures, with rather intensive cultivation, have the lowest indicators for anti-nutritional factors, in particular, non-starchy polysaccharides, and therefore can be introduced into the diet of monogastric birds and animals in crushed form without prior processing.

The main disadvantage of these cultures, in addition to the high cost, is the low content of certain essential amino acids, in particular lysine, methionine and threonine, as well as an insufficient amount of fat.

It is known that to increase the nutritional value of the feed, most of which is wheat, add the amino acids obtained by microbiological synthesis, or proteins of animal origin. However, this increases the cost of the final product.

A known method of preparing feed from waste cereal production RU 2125810 C1, IPC ⁶ A23K 1/00, publ. 1999.02.10), including the cleaning of cereal waste - rice, and / or buckwheat, and / or millet, subsequent water hydrolysis in boilers at a pressure of not more than 1.5 MPa for 5-6 hours, mixing with waste from the meat industry - fat-free meat and bone , or meat, or bone greaves, heat treatment of the mixture in dryers to a moisture content of the finished product of 9-10%

and cooling.

The disadvantage of the invention is the lack of balance.

A known method of preparing animal feed (RU 2316227 C1, IPC A23K 1/00, A23N 17/00, publ. 2008.02.10), including the preparation of humic acids and humates from peat and brown coal, the preparation of animal feed from feed grain and grain processing waste, the preparation of liquid feed from plant materials in the form of coarse and succulent feed, mixing of all components, cooling and delivery as directed. The preparation of humic acids and humates from peat or brown coal is carried out by cavitation dispersion of peat or brown coal in an aqueous solution of alkalis until the humic acids are completely released, followed by humates by adding hydroxides and carbonates of sodium and potassium and cavitation dispersion until the temperature of the mixture reaches 80-90 ° FROM. The preparation of animal feed from feed grain and grain processing waste is carried out by wet grinding and cavitation dispersion in an aqueous solution of feed grain, which is a grain of cereals and legumes, and grain processing waste until the mixture reaches a temperature of 60-80 ° C. The preparation of liquid feed from plant materials is carried out by wet grinding and cavitation dispersion of plant materials in an aqueous solution until fiber is converted to starch and partially hydrolyzed into sugar.

The method allows you to convert starches into easily digestible substances, such substances are most often monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides (glucose, fructose, sorbose, maltose, galactose, etc.). Also, the method allows to pulp and transfer part of the fiber of plant materials (cellulose) into starch and sugar.

The disadvantage of the invention is the multi-stage process of hydrolysis, the high cost of preparation.

An object of the present invention is to provide a new, more economical method for preparing a macro-component mixture.

The technical result consists in increasing the nutritional value and balance of the feed mixture, eliminating the multi-stage process of hydrolysis, which ultimately reduces the cost of the final product. The proposed process for conducting joint hydrolysis of difficult to assimilate components with amylases and cellulases makes it possible to enrich the mixture with easily assimilable mono- and disaccharides.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of preparation of the macrocomponent feed mixture, including hydrolysis of feed grain and vegetable raw materials, mixing the components, cooling and dispensing according to the invention, uses unpeeled oats crushed to a fraction of 0.5 mm and ground beans of natural bold soya as grain , as plant raw materials use the stalks of crowned serpent - waste production of dietary supplement "Serpisten", crushed to a fraction of not more than 0.25 mm, as an additional component They use sunflower meal, crushed to a fraction of 0.25 mm, while the components - oats, stalks of crowned serpent, sunflower meal and soybeans are mixed at a ratio of 7: 1: 2: 2, respectively, and grain and plant materials are mixed in the process hydrolysis by cellulases and aminolases, enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out by feeding oats and stalks of serpukha to the bioreactor, pouring components with 0.01 M acetate buffer with a pH of 4.7 to 20% concentration, heating the mixture to a temperature of 55 ° C, then adding enzymatic preparations Atoms taken in an effective amount, namely, Celloviridin G20x with cellulase activity of 500 units / g and Glucavamorin G3x with glucoamylase activity of 380 units / g, incubating the mixture with constant stirring for 3 hours, introducing sunflower meal into the mixture, maintaining the established hydrolysis regimen within 1 hour, a subsequent increase in temperature to 60 ° C and maintenance of the regime for 4 hours, after completion of the hydrolysis, the prohydrolyzed product is mixed with crushed beans of natural soy, followed by yparivaniem mixture to the desired concentration, providing the final product yield in liquid or granular form.

The macrocomponent feed mixture contains ground unrefined oat grains, ground stalks of crowned serpent (Serratula coronata L, patent RU 2276991, IPC АКК 36/28, publ. 05.27.2006), sunflower meal and natural full-fat soy. The inclusion of these components in the feed composition is advisable in terms of nutrient balance. The main advantage of oats as the main component of the feed mixture is the high content of fats and essential amino acids, in addition, oats are the cheapest cereal crop and can grow in climatic conditions that are unfavorable for other crops. Unrefined oat grains, as a rule, are not used in compound feeds; they contain a significant amount of fiber, beta-glucan and pentosans. Fiber can swell a lot, which leads to blockage of the small intestines. Beta-glucan and pentosans envelop the intestinal wall, preventing the absorption of already overcooked substances. Also, due to the significant content of non-starch polysaccharides and anti-nutritional substances, the proposed components of the mixture are difficult to digest components and their application requires either special enzymes in the feed or special pre-treatment. The addition of enzymes to feed solves the problem only partially [Kislukhina O.V. Enzymes in the production of food and feed. - M .: DeLi print, 2002. P.77-79.], Since the conditions of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric birds and animals are not optimal for the action of enzymes.

The proposed process for conducting joint hydrolysis of difficult to assimilate components with amylases and cellulases enriches the mixture with easily assimilable mono- and disaccharides, and allows to obtain a balanced macrocomponent base for liquid and granular animal feed.

The method is as follows.

Pre-unpeeled oats, stalks of crowned serpent - waste from the production of dietary supplement "Serpisten", sunflower meal and soybeans are crushed to fractions, respectively, no larger than 0.5; 0.25; 0.25; 0.5. The components are mixed sequentially during the preparation process, taking into account the kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the components by amylases and cellulases, while the components are mixed at a ratio of 7: 1: 2: 2, taken on absolutely dry matter.

The crushed oat grains and stalks of crowned serpent are fed into the bioreactor for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulases and aminolases.

The starting components are filled with 0.01 M acetate buffer with a pH of 4.7, preferably up to 20% concentration. The mixture is heated to a temperature of 55 ° C and enzymatic preparations are introduced - Celloviridin G20x with cellulase activity of 500 u / g and Glucavamorin G3x with glucoamylase activity of 380 u / g at a ratio of 1: 2, respectively. The mixture is incubated for 3 hours with constant stirring. At the end of the first stage of hydrolysis, sunflower meal is introduced into the mixture and the established regime is maintained (T = 55 ° C and stirring speed) for 1 hour. Then increase the hydrolysis temperature to 60 ° C and maintain the regime for 4 hours. After hydrolysis is complete, the hydrolyzed product is mixed with the crushed beans of natural soybeans, the mixture is evaporated to the desired concentration, depending on the shape of the final product (liquid or granular).

The inclusion of natural soybeans at the stage of evaporation of the hydrolyzed mixture prevents soybean anti-nutritional substances from entering the feed, increases the efficiency of the process, while an additional amount of essential amino acids and fats is added to the finished product.

Example 1. We grind each component in a knife mill, followed by sorting on metal sieves with a size of 0.25 mm for sunflower meal and stalks of crowned serpent, 0.5 mm for unpeeled oat grains. The part that has not passed the sieve is returned to the dome. Soy beans, ground to a fraction of 0.5 mm, cannot be sorted. We place 1 g of sorted stalks of serpukha and 7 g of oat grains in a temperature-controlled cell with a capacity of 100 cm ³ and fill in 50 cm ^{3 of} 0.01 M acetate buffer with a pH of 4.7. We heat the mixture to 55 ° C and introduce into it 0.01 g of Celloviridin G20x with cellulase activity of 500 units / g and 0.02 g of Glucavamorin G3x with glucoamylase activity of 380 units / g. The process of enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out at 55 ° C and stirring for 3 hours, after which we add 2 g of sorted sunflower meal to the mixture. 4 hours after the introduction of the enzyme solution, raise the temperature to 60 ° C and continue the process for another 4 hours. The total enzymatic hydrolysis time is 8 hours. Next, pour the hydrolyzed mixture into a porcelain cup mounted on a boiling water bath, add 2 g of ground beans of natural soy and carry out evaporation to a concentration that allows granulating the product.

Among soybean anti-nutrients, trypsin inhibitor is dominant. In practice, an indirect indicator is used to assess the content of anti-nutritional substances in soy - the activity of the urease enzyme, which loses its activity during heat treatment, like most anti-nutritional substances. With a rather high value of this activity (9.3 N-NH ₄ mg / g soy per 1 hour) before heat treatment, after evaporation, urease activity was not detected in the final product.

According to biochemical analysis, the product contains up to 30% of easily digestible carbohydrates of the following composition: glucose - 68%, sucrose - 4.2%, fructose - 3.6%, celobysis + maltose - 25%. (figure 1); the composition of the essential amino acids is not inferior to the reference protein (FAO), which eliminates the addition of synthetic analogues to balance the product (figure 2); characterized by a residual amount of β-glucan at the level of corn and wheat, that is, at a level that does not require further processing before introduction into the diet (figure 3).

Claims (1)

A method of preparing a macrocomponent feed mixture, including hydrolysis of feed grain and vegetable raw materials, mixing the components, cooling and dispensing according to the purpose, characterized in that the grain is used as raw oats, crushed to a fraction of 0.5 mm, and ground beans of natural bold soybean, as plant materials use stalks of crowned serpent - waste production of dietary supplement "Serpisten", crushed to a fraction of not more than 0.25 mm, as an additional component use sunflower meal, chopped down to a fraction of 0.25 mm, while the components - oats, stalks of crowned serpent, sunflower meal and soybeans are mixed at a ratio of 7: 1: 2: 2, respectively, and the mixing of grain and plant materials is carried out in the process of conducting enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulases by aminolases, hydrolysis is carried out by feeding oats and stalks of serpukha to the biorector, pouring the components with 0.01 M acetate buffer with a pH of 4.7 to 20% concentration, heating the mixture to a temperature of 55 ° C, then adding enzymatic preparations taken in an effective amount, and for example, Celloviridin G20x with cellulase activity of 500 units / g and Glucavamorin G3x with glucoamylase activity of 380 units / g, incubating the mixture with constant stirring for 3 hours, introducing sunflower meal into the mixture, maintaining the established hydrolysis regimen for 1 hour, and then raising the temperature to 60 ° C and maintaining the regime for 4 hours, after completion of the hydrolysis, the hydrolyzed product is mixed with the crushed beans of natural soy, followed by evaporation of the mixture to the desired concentration, ensuring s yield of final product in liquid or granular form.

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