RU2236294C1 - Fodder grain grinding-and-separating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed plant for grinding fodder grain with subsequent separation of ground products includes grinder with charging hopper and vertical cylindrical housing which accommodates grinding chamber with rotor and deck, separation chamber with sieve dividing chamber into upper and lower sections. Plant is furnished with dividing device arranged between grinding chamber and separation chamber and made in form of two screen series-mounted in height, upper screen being round and installed horizontally, and lower one is cantilever-mounted in parallel to inclined bottom of lower section. Both screens are installed with clearance relative to walls of grinding and separation chambers. Upper and lower sections of separation chamber communicate with small and main pneumatic systems with cyclones. Cyclone of small pneumatic system communicates with charging hopper of grinder. Angle of inclination of lower screen and bottom relative to upper screen is 10-15^o, and clearance between screens and walls is 15-30 mm.

EFFECT: provision of uniform grinding, reduced energy consumption.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for grinding feed grain followed by separation of grinding products and can be used in agriculture, in particular on livestock farms and animal feed workshops.

A device for grinding grain containing a crushing chamber with a hammer rotor located inside it and a separation chamber connected to the crushing chamber by a feed pipe made curved and tapering along its entire length (SU 1329818 A1, 1991).

However, this design does not allow to control the degree of separation of the products of grinding, does not provide reverse operation of the crusher rotor, and the feed line is often clogged. High costs are incurred to replace expensive perforated sieves, they are quickly worn out and replaced every shift. Hence the need arises for the use of grainless crushers, followed by the sieving of feed grain (heap) passed through the crusher. At the same time, the productivity of the crusher increases by 2-3 times, a more aligned fractional composition of the grinding products is achieved and the specific energy consumption for grinding is reduced by 50-60%.

The invention closest in technical essence is a plant for grinding and separating feed raw materials, including a crusher with a loading hopper and a vertical cylindrical body, in which a crushing chamber with a rotor and deck are sequentially located, a separation chamber with a sieve separating the chamber into upper and lower sections, the last of which has an inclined bottom (SU 904776 A, 02.25.1982).

The disadvantage of the installation is that it requires frequent change of pins, screens and brushes for cleaning, the complex design of the drive and is not reliable in operation.

The objective of the invention is to create a crusher with the sieving of the crushed mass of the heap, transporting it to a predetermined height during the reverse operation of the crusher rotor.

The task is achieved in that the installation for grinding and separation of feed raw materials, including a crusher with a loading hopper and a vertical cylindrical body, in which a crushing chamber with a rotor and deck is sequentially located, a separation chamber with a sieve separating the chamber into upper and lower sections, the last of which has an inclined bottom, is equipped with a separation device located between the crushing chamber and the separation chamber and made in the form of two screens sequentially installed in height s, the upper of which is round and horizontal, and the lower one is mounted cantilever and parallel to the bottom of the lower section, both screens are installed with a gap relative to the walls of the crushing and separation chambers, while the upper and lower sections of the separation chamber are in communication with the small and main pneumatic systems with cyclones moreover, the cyclone of the small pneumatic system is in communication with the feed hopper of the crusher.

The angle of inclination of the lower screen and the bottom relative to the upper screen can be 10-15 °, and the gap between the screens and the walls is 15-30 mm.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the installation for grinding feed grain, figure 2 is a view along aa of figure 1.

Installation for grinding and separation of feed grain contains a crusher with a cylindrical body 1, on which is mounted an electric motor 2 and a loading hopper 3 with an adjustment flap 4. In the body 1, a vertical rotor and a deck 5 of two halves are located in series, between the ends of which there are cameras 6 for collecting foreign solid objects. Both halves of the deck are mounted on the support ring 7, and a round guide screen 8 is fixed to it with a gap (δ) between the screen and the walls of the case of 15-30 mm for uniform passage from the crusher chamber of the crusher of grinding products.

The vertical rotor includes a shaft 9, discs 10, rigidly mounted on the shaft, and hammers 11, freely rotating on the axes 12. The separation chamber 13 is a square-shaped tank, divided by a woven sieve 14 into upper and lower sections. The separation chamber is sealed.

The installation has a separation device located between the crushing chamber and the separation chamber and made in the form of two screens 8 and 15 successively installed in height. The screen 8 is made round and horizontal, and the screen 15 is mounted cantilever. The gap between the screens and the walls is set to 15-30 mm for uniform passage of grinding products.

The upper section of the separator at the inlet communicates with the crushing chamber through a cantilever inclined screen 15, installed with a slope to the screen 8, and at the exit - with a small pneumatic system, which includes an exhaust pipe 16, a centrifugal fan 17 with an electric drive 18, a cyclone 19 with an exhaust pipe 20, which in the lower part is in communication with the loading hopper 3, the upper section is connected via an elastic pipe 21 to a small pneumatic system.

The lower section is bounded at the top by a woven sieve 14 and side walls with an electric vibrator 22, and the bottom by the bottom 23. By means of an elastic pipe, the lower section is connected to the main pneumatic system, consisting of an exhaust pipe 24, a centrifugal fan 25 with an electric drive 26, a cyclone 27 with an exhaust pipe 28. The angle of inclination (α) of the bottom - the lower section and the inclined screen 15 - is 10-15 ° to the horizontal screen 8.

The separation chamber is connected to the crusher body using chain links 29. All installation elements are mounted on a rigid frame 30.

Installation for grinding and separation of feed grain works as follows.

Feed grain or other feed components when the shutter 4 is open come from the hopper 3 into the crushing chamber, where they are destroyed by the hammers 11 and deck 5. In the steady state, the material being crushed is evenly distributed over the height and the entire cylindrical surface of the deck. Under the influence of blows of hammers, dead weight, air pressure created by the rotor, constant back pressure continuously fed into the crushing chamber of feed grain and suction created by the small pneumatic system, the heap passes through the annular gap (δ) between the deck 5 and the guide screen 8 and gets on the console inclined screen 15, which under the influence of vibration delivers through the gap (δ) the whole heap to the upper part of the fabric sieve 14. When the heap moves from top to bottom and the vibration is constant, it is sifted to the gathering - what remains a sieve 14 and the passage - that passed through it. Thus, the grinding module is regulated by the installation (change) of the corresponding woven sieves. Practice shows that, depending on the type of grain, its moisture content, the yield is 5-15%, and the passage is 85-95%. The descent through the pipe 16 is captured by a small pneumatic system and deposited in the cyclone 19, from where it is poured into the receiving hopper 3 of the crusher for re-grinding. Moreover, the angle α = 10-15 ° between the screens 8 and 15, as well as the bottom of the lower section, ensures stable operation of the sieving chamber.

The passage - finished products - is sucked out from the lower chamber by a centrifugal fan 25, deposited in cyclone 27 and enters the feed hopper of the feed mill or vehicles. The frequency and strength of the vibration is regulated by an electric vibrator 22. If necessary, replace the hammers decks are removed.

This installation due to the above design of the crushing chamber, the upper and lower screening section, small and large pneumatic systems provides a more uniform grinding, lower specific energy costs and eliminates the need for expensive quick-change perforated sieves.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for grinding and separation of feed grain, including a crusher with a loading hopper and a vertical cylindrical body, in which a crushing chamber with a rotor and deck are sequentially located, a separation chamber with a sieve separating the chamber into upper and lower sections, the last of which has an inclined bottom characterized in that the installation is equipped with a separation device located between the crushing chamber and the separation chamber and made in the form of two screens successively installed along the height, vert of which is made round and arranged horizontally, and the bottom is mounted cantilever and parallel to the bottom of the lower section, both screens are installed with a gap relative to the walls of the crushing and separation chambers, while the upper and lower sections of the separation chamber are connected respectively with the small and main pneumatic systems with cyclones, and the small pneumatic system cyclone is in communication with the crusher feed hopper. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the lower screen and the bottom relative to the upper screen is 10-15 °, and the gap between the screens and the walls is 15-30 mm.

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