RU2266160C1 - Apparatus for grinding forage grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanization of agricultural equipment, namely apparatuses for preparing forage for animals.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes vertical cylindrical housing with bottom, charging hopper in which mechanism for regulating forage feed is mounted. Said mechanism is in the form of flat ring with vertical openings. Ring is arranged on bottom of hopper having similar openings. Flat ring is mounted with possibility of rotation relative to bottom and of changing window of openings by means of handle. Under openings of ring and bottom guiding discs are successively mounted in rotor; between said discs hammers are mounted. Grinding chamber is communicated through manifold, air conduit and blower provided with cyclone and separator. In lower part of housing there us window with regulating damper for providing atmospheric air suction and ground product into cyclone.

EFFECT: enhanced quality of ground forage grain.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural mechanization, and in particular to devices for grinding feed grain followed by separation of grinding products and can be used on livestock farms and animal feed workshops.

A device for grinding grain containing a crushing chamber with a hammer rotor located inside it and a separation chamber connected to the crushing chamber of feed lines made curved and narrowing along its entire length (Auth. Certificate. USSR No. 1329818, class 02 C 13/00 , 1991).

However, this design does not allow controlling the degree of separation of grinding products, does not provide reverse operation of the crusher rotor, and the feed line is often clogged. There are high costs associated with replacing expensive perforated sieves, because they wear out quickly and are replaced every shift. Hence the need arises for the use of sieve-free grinding means with a further sieving, passed through the feed grain device (heap). At the same time, the productivity of the device increases by 2–3 times, a more aligned fractional composition of the grinding products is achieved, and the specific energy consumption for grinding is reduced by 50–60%.

There is also known a device for grinding feed grain, comprising a removable feed hopper with a bottom, in which an adjusting mechanism for feeding grain is installed, a vertical cylindrical body with a deck and opposing elements, a rotor with grinding bodies installed in the body with a clearance, and an annular tray located in the lower part of the body with an unloading hole (ed. St. USSR No. 1473839, class B 02 C 13/14, 1986).

However, the known device requires unreliable design and operation, has a low degree of grinding and sieving of the final heap.

The objective of this technical solution is to increase the uniformity of grinding and reduce specific energy costs by programmed feed of feed grain directly into the area of grinding working bodies and the subsequent sieving of the crushed mass of heap.

This task is achieved by the fact that in the device for grinding feed grain, characterized in that it has a cylindrical body with a bottom, a storage pan, deck and a grinding chamber in the form of a rotor with grinding elements and a removable loading hopper with a bottom and an adjuster installed in the upper part of the housing a mechanism for feeding grain, which is made in the form of a loading hopper located on the bottom with the possibility of a fixed rotation of a flat ring with vertical holes relative to it, with axially which similar holes are made in the bottom of the hopper, the rotor is equipped with guide discs arranged vertically successively under the holes of the bottom of the hopper and a flat ring, the grinding elements are made in the form of hammers pivotally attached to the guide discs with axes, and between the inner diameter of the deck and the diameter of the circle , described by the ends of the hammers, there is a gap σ, and the storage pan is made in the form of a cylindrical collector, communicating the grinding chamber with a cyclone having an exhaust w pipe and the separator. The gap σ is 3-6 mm. Between the inner diameters of the deck and the outer diameter of each guide disc there is a gap (δ) of 12-17 mm.

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype made it possible to establish that it is not known from the prior art and is new.

A comparative analysis of the features of the proposed solution with the features of known analogues has shown that it does not explicitly follow from the prior art and has an inventive step for a specialist.

The invention is industrially applicable, as it can be used in the field of agriculture for the production of animal feed.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the device for grinding feed grain, figure 2 is a view along aa of figure 1, figure 3 is a view along b-b of figure 1.

The device comprises a cylindrical housing 1 with a bottom 2, an electric motor 3 and a removable hopper 4 are installed in the upper part of the housing. Two halves of the cylindrical deck 5 with opposing elements (teeth) are fixed in the housing 1, between the ends of which there are chambers 6 for trapping foreign solid objects. In the feed hopper 4 there is an adjustment mechanism for feeding grain located on the bottom 7 of the feed hopper and made in the form of a flat ring 8 with vertical holes 9 coaxially to which similar holes are made in the bottom. Flat ring 8 is installed with the possibility of a fixed rotation relative to the bottom 7 and its holes. In the housing there is a rotor 10, which is equipped with guide discs 11, arranged vertically successively under the holes 9 of the bottom 7 and the flat ring 8. The grinding elements of the rotor 10 are made in the form of articulated hammers 12, fixed by means of axes 13 between the guide discs 11.

The grinding quality and the specific energy consumption largely depend on the gap (σ) between the inner diameter of the deck 5 (tooth protrusions) and the diameter of the circle described by the ends of the hammers 12. The gap is considered to be less than the average size of the crushed grain, which should be maintained structurally and during operation devices.

With an increase in the gap on the surface of the gear deck 5, the material being crushed is collected in a layer 20–35 mm thick and its destruction occurs not only upon impact and shear (pinching), but also as a result of grinding. At the same time, the grinding quality deteriorates, since flour dust is formed, which is harmful to animals, and additional energy is unproductive.

As a result of numerous experimental studies, it was found that, depending on the type of grain being ground, the gap (σ) is in the range of 3-6 mm. A large gap (4-6 mm) refers to large grains (corn, peas, vetch, etc.).

In the lower part of the housing 1 at the bottom there is a collecting pan made in the form of a cylindrical collector 14, which communicates the grinding chamber 15 by means of an air duct 16 and a centrifugal fan 17c with a cyclone 18, which has an exhaust pipe 19.

To separate the crushed feed grain into coarse and fine fractions, there is a separator 20 in which a woven sieve 21 and a sloping plane 22 are installed. The separator is brought into operation by means of an electric vibrator 23. To prevent foreign objects from getting into the device, a woven sieve 24 is installed in the raw material silo. In order to prevent clogging of the collector 14 with grinding products, there is a window 25 on the outer cylindrical surface of the housing, the opening value of which is changed by the adjustment flap 26. For fixing This rotation of the flat ring 8 relative to the bottom 7 of the loading hopper 4 has a handle 27. The entire device is mounted on the frame 28.

A device for grinding feed grain works as follows.

The feedstock (feed grain, etc.) enters the feed hopper 4, in which with the help of a woven sieve 24 it is cleaned of impurities and collected on the bottom 7 of the hopper. Then, through the combined holes 9 of the flat ring 8 and the bottom 7 of the body, it evenly enters the upper guide disk 11 of the rotor 10. To adjust the grain supply, the ring 8 is mounted with the possibility of rotation and fixation relative to the bottom and changing the size of the hole 9 in the bottom 7 and ring 8 by means of the handle 27 From the upper disk 11, the grain evenly enters the grinding chamber 15 under the blows of the hammers 12 and the deck 5. Some of the grain falls on the next disk 11 and is also crushed by the lower hammers and deck. This process is repeated until the end of the entire rotor 10 and ends near the bottom 2 of the housing 1.

Under the influence of the air pressure created by the fan 17, the constant pressure constantly supplied to the crushing chamber of the grain from the hopper 4, it passes through the annular gap δ between the deck 5 and the guide discs 11, is constantly crushed and gets into the cylindrical collector 14 of the bottom 2. At the same time at the moment of impact with hammers 12, the grain hits the deck, is reflected to the rotor and falls on the disks 11, which constantly return it under the blows of the downstream hammers 12. With a large productivity of the device and high humidity about the grain rises the adjustment flap 26, opens the window 25, through which the fan 17 draws in atmospheric air. This eliminates the possibility of clogging the cylindrical collector and ensures reliable operation of the entire device.

The crushed mass that has fallen into the cyclone 18 settles and enters the separator 20. The exhaust air is removed through the exhaust pipe 19. In the separator 20, when the vibrator 23 is operating, separation (separation) takes place - it remains on sieve 21 and the passage that passed through it turns out to be on the ramp 22.

Thus, the degree of grinding of the finished product is regulated by the installation (replacement) of the corresponding woven sieves. Practice shows that, depending on the type of grain, its moisture content, the yield is 5-15%, and the passage is 85-95%. The gathering is poured into the feed hopper 4 of the device for re-grinding, the passage - finished products - from the sloping plane enters the feed hopper of the feed mill or into the vehicle. The frequency and vibration power of the vibrator 23 is adjustable. If it is necessary to replace the hammers, the loading hopper 4 is removed from the device and the cylindrical collector is removed from the housing.

Thus, this device by means of a targeted feed of feed grain around the entire perimeter of the grinding chamber into the chamber of their destruction between hammers and a gear deck, as well as suction of the crushed particles as they are formed by the pneumatic system, provides more uniform grinding, lower specific energy costs and eliminates the need for expensive perforated sieve.

Claims (3)

1. A device for grinding grain, characterized in that it has a cylindrical body with a bottom, a collecting pan, a deck and a grinding chamber in the form of a rotor with grinding elements and a removable loading hopper with a bottom and an adjusting mechanism for feeding grain mounted in the upper part of the housing, this adjustment mechanism for feeding grain is made in the form of a loading hopper located on the bottom with the possibility of a fixed rotation of a flat ring with vertical holes relative to it, coaxially which have similar holes in the bottom of the hopper, the rotor is equipped with guide disks arranged vertically successively under the holes of the bottom of the hopper and a flat ring, the chopping elements are made in the form of hammers pivotally attached to the guide discs using axes, between the inner diameter of the deck and the diameter of the circle, described by the ends of the hammers, there is a gap σ, and the collecting pan is made in the form of a cylindrical collector communicating with the grinding chamber with a cyclone having an exhaust pipe y, and the separator. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap σ is 3-6 mm. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that between the inner diameter of the deck and the outer diameter of each guide disk there is a gap δ equal to 12-17 mm

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