RU2297286C2 - Separating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, separating technique for stone-picking machines, may be used for sieving of bulk materials in other branches of industry.

SUBSTANCE: separating apparatus has frame with separating surface defined by parallel shafts equipped with many-sided disks. Separating surface is divided in advancement direction into stepped narrowing parts. Screw shaft is positioned above terminating shaft of each previous part, said shaft being provided with elastic helical blades located at ends having oppositely oriented coils. Total width of blades corresponds to value by which separating surface is narrowed. Rounding housings are mounted on frame under blades, with lower part of said rounding housings being made in the form of comb entering with its teeth into gaps between separator shaft disks.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of separation process, reduced metal used in separating apparatus construction, and decreased consumption of power for apparatus driving process.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, and in particular to separating devices for stone-harvesting machines, and can be used for screening bulk materials in other areas of the national economy.

A separation device is known, consisting of parallel shafts with polyhedral disks mounted on them in a checkerboard pattern (SU No. 1233824, class A01B 43/00, A01D 33/08, 1986).

The disadvantage of this device is the uneven load on the separating surface, due to the fact that up to 70-80% of the material to be separated is sieved on the first 3-5 shafts, and the remaining shafts with disks are practically not loaded.

The closest technical solution is a separating and conveying device, including a series of parallel shafts with polyhedral disks and mobile elastic aprons placed above them, mounted on traction chains. This device achieves a more uniform load on the working surface of the separator due to the action of movable aprons on the separated mass (SU No. 2004095, A01B 43/00, A01G 23/06, 1993).

The disadvantage of this device is that on most of the shafts of the separator with disks, the density of the material to be separated is very low, because almost the entire soil is sifted on the first shafts, as a result of which more than half of the separating surface is idle. This, in turn, leads to an unnecessary increase in the energy intensity of the separation process.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the separation process by increasing the frequency of impact of stones on soil lumps as a result of increasing the density of the separated mass and at the same time reducing the metal consumption of the design of the separating device and the energy intensity of its drive.

The task is achieved in that the separating surface, made in the form of parallel shafts with polyhedral disks, according to the invention in the direction of rotation of the disks is divided into two stepwise tapering parts. At the same time, a screw shaft with screw blades made of elastic material and located at its ends with the opposite direction of winding is installed above the last shaft of the previous part. The total width of the blades corresponds to the narrowing of the separating surface, and beneath the blades on the frame are mounted envelope casings, the lower part of which is made in the form of a comb, which enters the teeth between the discs of the separator shaft. The width of the subsequent part is 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the width of the previous one and is determined depending on the type and properties of the separated material.

The proposed device is illustrated in the drawing, where:

figure 1 shows a separating device, a top view;

figure 2 is a separating device, side view;

The separating device consists of a stepwise tapering frame 1 mounted on a frame 1 of parallel shafts 2 with polyhedral disks 3. A screw shaft 4 is installed above the last shaft 2 of the previous part of the dividing surface, the screw blades 5 of which are located at its ends with the opposite direction of winding. Enclosed shrouds 6 are mounted under the blades 5 on the frame 1, the lower part of which is made in the form of a comb 7, which enters the teeth between the disks 3 of the shaft 2 of the separator.

The separated mass from the working body, for example, from a ploughshare (not shown in the drawing), enters the rotating shafts 2 with disks 3 of the previous part of the separating surface, where the material is crushed and sieved between the disks 3. As it moves along the separating surface, the material to be separated falls into the place of transition of the previous part to the next one, where under the action of a rotating screw shaft 4 along the casings 6 it moves from the edges of the screening surface to its central part. This increases the density of the separated mass, in particular stones, which contributes to the additional grinding of soil lumps as a result of an increase in the intensity of the impact of stones on them. This increases the efficiency of the separation process and the load of the shafts of the subsequent part of the separator.

The execution of the lower part of the casing in the form of a comb, which enters with its teeth in the gaps between the disks, ensures the prevention of jamming of stones between the disks and the casing.

From practice it is known that when promoting the shared material on the separating surface, 70-80% of the soil is sieved on the first 3-5 shafts of the separator. Based on this, depending on the type and properties of the soil, the width of the subsequent part of the separating surface is 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the width of the previous one. So, for example, when working on sandy loamy soils, the width of the narrowed part can be - 1/3, and when working on loamy soils - 2/3 of the width of the previous part.

Studies have shown that the proposed design solution allows to reduce the metal consumption of the separating device by 13.6-26% by 17-33% reduction in the area of the separating surface and to reduce the energy consumption of the separator drive by 6.8-12%.

To prevent jamming of stones between the envelope casing and the rotating blades of the auger shaft, the blades are made of elastic material.

Thus, the use of the proposed device can improve the efficiency of the separation process due to the increase in the frequency of impact of stones on soil lumps as a result of an increase in the density of the separated mass, to reduce the metal consumption of the design of the separating device and the energy consumption of its drive.

The proposed device is at the stage of laboratory research.

Claims (2)

1. The separating device, including a frame with a separating surface made in the form of parallel shafts with polyhedral disks, characterized in that the separating surface in the direction of rotation of the disks is divided into stepwise tapering parts, while a screw shaft with helical screws is installed over the last shaft of each previous part blades made of elastic material and located at its ends with the opposite direction of winding, the total width of which corresponds to the narrowing of the separator guide surface, wherein a blade mounted on the frame envelopes housings, the lower part of which is formed as a comb, the teeth of the incoming shaft in the gaps between the separator discs. 2. The separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating surface is made of two parts, while the width of the subsequent part is 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the width of the previous one.

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