RU2730685C1 - Unit for preparation of waste dumps for recycling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: soil treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of soil treatment, in particular, to the field of reclamation and recycling rocks of dumps, and can be used both in mining industry, and agriculture in producing soil constructor. Set technical problem is solved by the fact that proposed unit of dumps rocks preparation for reclamation includes open housing, in which is installed and horizontally oriented auger, made with possibility of crushing rock, under which along its length is arranged two-level conveyor with mesh band, wherein auger is made in form of set of disc rims arranged with equal pitch, rigidly fixed to central shaft installed with possibility of rotation, and is equipped with a closed chain, movably fixed on guides installed on the housing wall and oriented along the screw shaft, note here that on chain links between ripper rims there are pins arranged radially to its shaft, and mesh belt of conveyor is fixed on bent holders with ends of which are installed in links of drive chain.

EFFECT: simplifying the design of a grinding rock grinding device, ensuring preparation of rock for saturation with organic matter and useful microelements, which contributes to increase of soil fertility.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technology area

The claimed invention relates to the field of soil cultivation, in particular, to the industry of reclamation and disposal of dump rocks, and can be used both in the mining industry and in agriculture when obtaining constructose (artificially constructed soil, see Decree of the Moscow Government No. 623- PP dated 06-08.2000).

State of the art

The rocks of the construction pits, selected below the humus horizon of the soils, and the sections of the mining enterprises, represent a structureless mass, have a dense packing of particles and do not have fertility. The composition of the dump rocks is unstable in terms of physicochemical properties, therefore, their use is very difficult. The accumulation of plant nutrients lasts for many years. Therefore, the task of reclamation of lifeless rocks from dumps of construction pits and open-pit mines of mining enterprises into artificial soil (constructose), on which cultivated vegetation can grow, and suitable for growing crops, is extremely important.

A known system for dry separation and enrichment, disclosed in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2577343, includes a material inlet device, a friction vibrating separator and an installation for dry separation and enrichment. The inlet device is installed above a friction vibration separator, under which two material transport chutes are installed, and two material transport devices are installed above the above-mentioned dry separation and enrichment plant. Two material inlets are connected to these transport devices.

This system is technologically difficult to operate.

From the prior art, various crushing and screening equipment is also known (https://regionvtormet.ru/prochee/drobilno-sortirovochnoe-oborudovanie-dlya-izmelcheniya-gornyh-porod-vidy-ustanovok-i-ih-osobennosti.html), made, for example based on

- cone crushers used mainly for crushing ore;

- jaw crushers, the working mechanism of which consists of a massive stationary and the same movable plate; such crushers are quite suitable for crushing rocks;

- centrifugal crushers, including screens of various designs (inertial, grate, vibrating, drum); such crushers are actively used for separation or other processing of sand.

Known crushing equipment, as a rule, is a complex technical structure, since it is used mainly for crushing hard rocks.

Disclosure of invention

To ensure high-quality reclamation, it is necessary to prepare the soil in such a way that, upon further application of fertilizers, their uniform distribution in the entire volume of the reclaimed rock is obtained. For this, it is important to cleanse the rock from undesirable impurities, crush large aggregates and ensure an approximately equal size of rock particles.

The technical problem solved by the claimed invention consists in overcoming the disadvantages inherent in these analogs and the prototype by creating a unit that provides the preparation of empty lifeless rocks from dumps of construction pits and sections of mining utilization enterprises for effective reclamation.

The technical result achieved with the use of the claimed invention is to simplify the design of the crushing unit, crushing the rock, thereby ensuring the preparation of the rock for saturation with organic matter and useful microelements, which contributes to increasing soil fertility.

The technical problem posed is solved by the fact that the claimed unit for preparing dump rocks for reclamation, according to the technical solution, includes an open housing in which a screw ripper is installed and horizontally oriented, made with the possibility of crushing the rock, under which a two-tier conveyor with a mesh belt is placed along its length, with the screw ripper is made in the form of a set of disk rims located with an equal pitch, rigidly fixed to the central shaft, mounted with the possibility of rotation, and equipped with a closed chain, movably fixed on guides mounted on the housing wall and oriented along the screw shaft, while at the chain links between the rims of the ripper, pins are installed radially to its shaft, and the mesh belt of the conveyor is fixed on curved holders, the ends of which are installed in the links of the drive chain. The ripper disc rims are profiled with pointed ends. The diameter of the fingers does not exceed the distance between adjacent discs, and the length of the fingers does not exceed the radius of the disc rim. The unit can be additionally equipped with a belt conveyor installed under the conveyor with a mesh belt to ensure the possibility of loading the prepared rock. Also, the unit can be equipped with containers for collecting debris, installed at the ends of the unit. The drive chain of the conveyor, the drive chain is installed on the supporting elements, while each supporting element is a central bushing with diverging pins fixed to it, at the ends of which movable rollers are installed, made with the possibility of moving along guides with transverse bars. The upper tier of the conveyor is concave, and the lower one is convex.

Brief Description of Drawings

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a side view of the unit.

FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the unit.

FIG. 3 schematically shows a fragment of a top view of the unit.

Positions indicate:

1. Unit body.

2. Auger ripper.

3. Closed chain guide.

4. Closed circuit.

5. Drive chain.

6. Drive chain guide.

7. Supporting element.

8. Rod.

9. Conveyor belt.

10. Rollers.

Implementation of the invention

The claimed unit is a complex device, mounted, if necessary, in a single housing. The unit can also be equipped with means for loading rock for processing and unloading the crushed product, for example, in the form of additional belt conveyors, as well as separate containers for collecting debris. The unit is a stationary structure installed at the site of preliminary preparation and sorting of rocks for further reclamation. The unit is intended, among other things, for the selection of fine earth from the breed, for its further mixing with various fertilizers, for example, humates or peat gel.

The unit is mounted in an open top and bottom housing 1, in which a screw ripper (auger) 2 is installed, consisting of a central shaft fixed to the walls of the housing with the possibility of rotation from an external drive, and disk rims rigidly fixed to it. The number of disc rims is determined by the length of the shaft and, accordingly, by the dimensions of the entire unit. At the same time, to ensure the efficiency of crushing the rock, the rims are mounted with a step of no more than 10 cm, the most optimal is a step of 6-7 cm, which provides the possibility of crushing the rock to aggregates of the required size. The diameter of the rims is 50-70 cm and is determined by the required power of the unit. The auger rims are profiled and connected to the axis of rotation by spokes. The profiling of the rims can be made in the form of a bulge made around the circumference along one side of the rim. Also, the ends of the rims are made pointed. A guide 3 is fixed to the housing wall along the auger ripper, in which a closed chain 4 is installed. The chain links are equipped with fingers radially directed to the auger axis, the ends of which go between the ripper rims. Thus, the chain with fingers is located along the auger on one side, while the fingers are made with partial insertion between the rims of the auger. The pins are made of steel, have a diameter comparable to the pitch between the rims and provide additional crushing of the rock, rubbing it against the wall of the body. In addition, when moving a closed chain with fingers, it is possible to remove non-comminuted fractions to the end of the unit with their subsequent removal into separate containers for collecting debris (not shown in the figure). The movement of the chain with the fingers is ensured by rotating the auger, the rim of which pushes the fingers and makes them move progressively. A conveyor with a mesh belt is installed under the ripper along its length. The mesh cell is selected with a size of 2-2.5 cm, while the upper tier of the mesh fabric is oriented horizontally, and the lower one is inclined. The mesh is fixed on curved rods 8 with a diameter of 10-12 mm, which makes the canvas of the upper tier concave and the lower one convex. The radius of deflection of the mesh fabric is 65-70 cm. The rods serve as holders and are fixed on both sides (ends) in the links of the drive chain 5. The drive chain is mounted on supporting elements 7, each of which is made in the form of a central bushing, to which in the form of diverging at an equal angle of the rays, three pins are fixed, having rollers at the ends. The supporting elements are installed on the treadmills in the corresponding guides. On the treadmills, transverse protrusions in the form of small strips are applied, which create an obstacle to the smooth movement of the roller of the support element along the track. Cross bars can be placed symmetrically on both treadmills, installed on opposite sides of the mesh, or asymmetrically, which will provide additional uneven vibration of the mesh belt, or with an equal / unequal pitch, which also provides an additional vibration effect on the rock hitting the mesh belt.

The auger ripper and conveyor belt are driven by separate electromechanical drives.

A means of unloading crushed rock for further reclamation can be installed under the mesh conveyor belts. On the sides of the conveyor, containers can be installed for collecting unsorted rocks.

The inventive unit works as follows.

The rock from the dumps, supplied for disposal and reclamation, has a lumpy structure and may contain individual substandard fractions or clastic material. To ensure the effectiveness of reclamation, the rock must be prepared for the introduction of minerals or fertilizers. To do this, it is necessary to remove all debris inclusions, stones, etc. from the rock, as well as grind the rock to a certain size of aggregates, which will maximize the enrichment of the reclaimed soil when fertilizing.

Electromechanical drives rotate the auger ripper of the unit and a conveyor with a mesh belt. The rotating rims of the auger slide on the fingers installed in the links of the closed chain and cause their longitudinal movement. In this case, some fingers at the exit lose contact with the auger rims, while others come into contact. The rock entering for processing, which has a lumpy shape with densely packed particles, is loaded into the unit through an open top case. When the unit is loaded, the rock falls on the pointed ends of the rims of the rotating auger, from which the lumpy fractions are destroyed. Small fractions of the rock fall through between the auger rims, and the auger rubs large pieces against the wall of the unit body and the fingers of the links of the closed chain. Large solid inclusions, the auger with fingers are moved along the axis (shaft) of the auger to its end, after which the inclusions are removed from the unit, for example, into an appropriate container. In cases of rock adhesion or jamming of solid inclusions between the auger rims, the fingers, moving, clean them. The rock loosened by the auger falls onto the upper tier of the vibrating mesh belt of the conveyor. An electromechanical drive drives the conveyor chain. In this case, the mesh, fixed on curved holders, is constantly shaken and vibrated, because The supporting elements of the drive chain, while rolling on rollers, periodically run into the cross bars of the guides and stop, while the central bushings are in constant motion. This creates a tipping moment in which the bushings twist, causing the rods to rise and fall sharply. The degree of vibration is determined by the frequency of placement and the size of the ridges, as well as the speed of the chain.

Objects sifted out by the upper tier of the grid are dropped into the appropriate container, and the sifted rock and accidentally caught objects fall on the grid of the lower tier where they are re-sieved, and randomly caught objects slide to the sides along the inclined surface of the convex canvas of the lower tier of the grid. The rock crushed and sieved in this way falls through the conveyor net and enters either an additional conveyor, or into the body of a car, or into another means of unloading the rock.

An example of a specific implementation

As a prototype to confirm the technical feasibility of its implementation, as well as to confirm the possibility of achieving a technical result, an aggregate was made designed for crushing and sieving soil during reclamation work in urban conditions.

A screw ripper and a conveyor with a mesh belt were mounted in one metal housing. The ripper is installed horizontally in the housing, equipped with an independent drive, while the auger (auger shaft) has a length of 1.5 m, the diameter of the profiled disc sharpened rims is 60 cm. The profiling is made in the form of bulges around the circumference of the rim on one side (see Fig. 3 ). The rotational speed of the shaft with rims is 40 rpm. The auger rims are installed with a pitch of 6 cm. Between the auger rims there are steel pins (diameter 40 mm) of the closed chain links. The chain is fixed in a guide installed along the wall of the housing along the auger ripper. The chain is driven by the rotation of the auger rims sliding over the fingers of the chain links. A conveyor with a mesh belt is installed under the auger ripper. The mesh surface is made of a chain-link mesh with a 2 cm cell. The mesh is fixed on holder rods bent along a 65 cm radius, with their ends fixed in the supporting elements of the drive chain. The drive chain is driven by an independent drive.

When loading the unit, lumps of rock fell onto the pointed ends of the auger rims. Small pieces of rock fell through between the rims onto the conveyor net, and large pieces were rubbed between the body of the unit and the fingers. In addition, the fingers cleaned the gaps between the rims from solid inclusions (debris) stuck in them, which, with large inclusions unsuitable for processing, were removed from the unit from the end side of the screw during rotation. The rock loosened by the auger falls down and falls on the upper tier of the vibrating mesh belt of the conveyor, and then on the lower one. The vibrating mesh not only sifts the rock, but also crushes it. The conveyor carries out non-sifted inclusions in the rock outside the unit due to the curved mesh surface (curved surface) of the lower layer of the mesh. The finished crushed rock spills down or can be collected, for example, by a conveyor belt installed under the unit and shipped for further use.

Claims (6)

1. Unit for preparation of dump rocks for disposal, including an open housing, in which a screw ripper is installed and horizontally oriented, made with the possibility of crushing the rock, under which a two-tier conveyor with a mesh belt is placed along its length, while the auger ripper is made in the form of a set located with with an equal pitch of disc rims rigidly fixed to the central shaft, mounted for rotation, and equipped with a closed chain, movably fixed on guides mounted on the housing wall and oriented along the shaft of the auger ripper, while on the chain links between the rims of the ripper, radially to its shaft are installed fingers, and the mesh belt of the conveyor is fixed on curved holders, the ends of which are installed in the links of the drive chain. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the disc rims of the ripper are profiled with pointed ends. 3. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the fingers does not exceed the distance between adjacent discs, and the length of the fingers does not exceed the radius of the disc rim. 4. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a belt conveyor installed under the conveyor with a mesh belt to enable the prepared rock to be shipped. 5. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with containers for collecting debris, installed at the ends of the unit. 6. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive chain is installed on the supporting elements, and each supporting element is a central bushing with diverging pins fixed to it, at the ends of which movable rollers are installed, made with the possibility of moving along guides with transverse slats.

Images