RU87643U1 - Chopper - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A chopper, including a hopper with a control device and a rotating shaft located inside a stationary working chamber, in which a window for finished products exit is made, characterized in that the working chamber is made in the form of a pipe in which rods are mounted on the shaft along a helical line. ! 2. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods are mounted on a pipe fixedly mounted on the shaft. ! 3. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the pitch of the helix decreases towards the exit from the working chamber. ! 4. The chopper according to claim 3, characterized in that the step size at the exit from the working chamber is 0.5 ... 0.6 of the step size in front of the working chamber, while at the same time the gap between the rods is reduced by 30-50%. ! 5. The chopper according to claim 2, characterized in that on the pipe with rods opposite the hopper 2-4 propellers are installed for throwing the crushed material towards the window to exit the finished product. ! 6. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a removable insert made of wear-resistant material to protect the inner surface of the working chamber. ! 7. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the working chamber is closed by a cylindrical casing filled with circulating water. ! 8. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that in it opposite the window for the exit of the finished product from the working chamber, 2 ... 3 rods are installed in a radius in the form of a cross in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. ! 9. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a propeller installed at the outlet of the working chamber directly in front of the bearing, to discard the ground material from the bearing towards the window

Description

FIELDS OF TECHNOLOGY.

The utility model relates to apparatus for the production of materials at enterprises that use finely ground powders from any rocks or plant products as feedstock, for example, to obtain animal feed.

The prior art.

Fine powders are obtained using multistage technologies that use crushing equipment for coarse crushing (jaw crushers, cone crushers), for medium crushing (hammer, rotor crushers) and for fine grinding (ball mills) [1,2].

Organic materials (grain) are crushed by hammer crushers [3].

Long materials (straw, flooring, hay, plant stems) are rarely chopped and with very great difficulty.

Grinding of the latter can be achieved by using a "grinding device" equipped with working bodies in the form of cutters that protrude in the form of rods above half rings mounted on a shaft. The shaft is rotated by an electric motor and connected to it using half couplings [4].

As a prototype used "device for grinding." The considered device [4] works as follows. The material enters the loading chamber, is evenly distributed by leveling blades, is picked up by a screw and, moving down, is compacted. The highest density is achieved at the entrance to the matrix of the grinding chamber. The material turns into a densely compressed briquette, from which thin chips are removed by rapidly rotating cutters. The resulting crumb due to centrifugal force is discharged into the lower part of the grinding chamber and transported to the outlet with a stream of air. To facilitate the movement of material, water may be supplied through the nozzle into the loading chamber. Through the nozzles of the comb, in addition to air, water or steam can be supplied. Cutters mounted on half rings, which are fixedly mounted on the shaft.

The specified device has several disadvantages.

1. Short materials cannot be processed, as it is difficult to compress them into dense briquettes. The same applies to various rocks.

2. Only organic materials such as hay, straw, stalks, etc. can be crushed.

3. When large stones or metal inclusions get into the crushed materials, the cutters quickly blunt and may even break.

4. The degree of grinding is limited by the height of the extension of the cutters and can not be less than 0.2-0.3 mm.

5. The working part of the grinding chamber is limited by the size of the screw feed window.

6. The vertical location of the screw limits the application of the device.

7. The presence of incisors complicates and increases the cost of operation of the device.

8. The crushed particles having certain sizes can no longer decrease, as they are discharged into the receiving hopper and are no longer exposed to the grinding organs.

Disclosure of a utility model.

The objective of this utility model is to create a grinder capable of grinding lumpy materials from fineness of 15-20 mm and lower to fineness of 44 microns with a yield of at least 20-30% by weight and 150 microns with a yield of at least 70-80% by weight.

Power consumption should not exceed 15-20 kW · h / t. Overall dimensions (no more) - 1.5 × 0.5 × 1.5 m with a productivity of 1-2 t / h.

The technical result is the creation of an inexpensive durable high-performance grinder capable of grinding large bulk materials of any nature (for example, gravel and grain).

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the grinder, which includes a hopper with a regulating device and a rotating shaft located inside a stationary working chamber, in which a window for the exit of the finished product is made, the working chamber is made in the form of a pipe in which are installed on the shaft along a helix rods.

The rods are mounted on a pipe fixedly mounted on the shaft.

The pitch of the helix decreases towards the exit from the working chamber.

The step size at the exit from the working chamber is 0.5 ... 0.6 of the step in the front of the working chamber, while at the same time the gap between the rods decreases.

On the pipe with rods opposite the hopper, 2 ... 4 propellers are installed for discarding the crushed material towards the window to exit the finished product.

The chopper contains a removable insert made of wear-resistant material to protect the inner surface of the working chamber.

The housing of the working chamber is closed by a cylindrical casing filled with circulating water.

Opposite the window for the exit of finished products from the working chamber, 2 ... 3 rods are installed along the radius in the form of a cross in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.

The shredder contains a propeller installed at the outlet of the working chamber directly in front of the bearing, to discard the ground material from the bearing towards the window to exit the finished product.

The figure 1, 2 shows the chopper in the working position.

Figure 3 is a General view of the grinder in section.

The chopper contains a volumetric loading hopper 1 with a control device 2 installed in the end of the working space, a working chamber 3 with a removable insert 4 made of wear-resistant material. The input of the crushed materials is made into the working chamber 3 through a pipe, which can be located along the radius or tangent to the working chamber 3, representing a pipe of circular cross section. A shaft 5 with bearings 6, 7 is installed along the axis of the chamber 3. A motionless removable pipe 8 is attached to the shaft 5 — a rod holder on which working rods 9 and propellers 10 are installed to throw the crushed product toward the outlet window. On the pipe 8, the rods 9 are strengthened so that a helix with a certain pitch is formed. Between adjacent rods there should be a gap of 5-20 mm. The gap is determined depending on the size of the crushed pieces. The rotation from the electric motor to the shaft 5 is transmitted by a V-belt drive and a pulley 11. The working chamber 3 is closed from the ends by flanges 12 and 13, which have slots for mounting bearings 6, 7. At the outlet (window for the exit of finished products) 15 rods 14 (2 -3 pieces) are installed along the radius and in the plane perpendicular to the axis, forming a cross. The powder is ejected by the rods 14, through the opening 15, onto the tray 16. Instead of the tray, a nozzle with a flange can be installed to create an airtight transportation of the powder. There is a lot of noise during operation. To protect against noise and for cooling, the working chamber of the grinder is closed by a casing 17, into which flowing water is supplied to cool the working chamber, which is very useful for continuous continuous operation. To protect the bearing at the entrance to the shaft, a propeller is installed, throwing powder into the hole 15.

The chopper works as follows.

Crushed stone, grain, flooring, straw and other materials from the hopper 1 through the adjusting device 2 fall into the working chamber 3. are picked up by the propellers 10 and thrown under the impacts of the rods 9. As a result of intensive rotation of the rods, the particles of materials also acquire a rotational movement and move along the chamber to hole 15. During their movement, the particles experience multiple impacts of the rods and particles with each other. Moreover, there are mainly sliding impacts, which lead to abrasion of particles. Since the particles experience bending loads, much less energy is required for their destruction compared to the energy required for destruction by direct impact. Acts of impact on each particle are several orders of magnitude greater (there are many more rods) than, for example, in a hammer mill. The particle, moving along the working chamber, continuously decreases in size. She is experiencing more and more blows due to the reduction of step and increase in the number of working rods. This means that the energy of the impact on the particle is constantly growing and reaches the maximum value by the exit.

The specified grinding mechanism works the more efficiently, the greater the number of shaft revolutions.

It was found that when grinding very hard materials: crushed stone from granite, syenite, quartz pipe breakdown, glass breakage, etc. working rods hardly wear out. The consumption of working rods is much less than the balls in a ball mill or beat in a hammer mill. This fact indicates that the contribution of direct impact is much smaller than in these devices. The proposal is also confirmed by the fact that the rods located at the very beginning of the working chamber of the grinder (50-60 mm) really wear out significantly more than the farther along the axis. This means that large pieces, falling from the propeller to the working rods, cause a direct hit. But then, acquiring intense twisting, they already experience bending forces and abrasion.

As a result, the performance of the considered grinder is significantly higher than that of traditional crushers and mills. Moreover, their dimensions are much smaller than that of centrifugal crushers of hammer and ball mills. At the same time, energy costs are also lower. Table 1 presents the individual technical and economic indicators of the "Titan M" crusher and the considered grinder (universal) I-1-U and I-2-U.

Table 1 Some technical and economic indicators of the "Titan M" crusher and the grinder I- (2) -U. Options Titanium M-63 Titanium M-125 Titanium M-160 I-1-U I-2.U Productivity, t / h 1-3 3-15 10-55 1-2 2-4 Fineness of feed, mm Up to 30 Up to 40 Up to 70 Up to 20 Up to 20 The size of the crushed product (can be adjusted), mm 0.04-0.3 0.05-0.5 0.06-3 0.04-0.3 0.04-0.3 Installed power, kW 110 305 Up to 850 7.5 fifteen Overall dimensions, m: length × width × height 5.5 × 3.0 × 7.6 7.6 × 4.2 × 15.3 9.0 × 6.5 × 15.3 1 × 0.7 × 1.5 1.2 × 1.2 × 1.5 Mass, t 8 22 35 0.35 0.8 Cost, thousand dollars USA 24-35 145-330 250-450 15-18 25-30

An embodiment of the invention (example).

The universal grinder is suitable for grinding any rocks, construction industry waste, products and waste of local industry and agriculture. It should be borne in mind that the size of the pieces of rocks should not exceed 10-20 mm, and for organic materials the length is 30-50 mm.

The grinding of the following materials was tested.

1. Granite.

2. Syenitis.

3. The battle of quartz and glass.

4. Meal is sunflower, pea.

5. Sex.

6. Wheat (barley).

It is established that the grinder develops productivity from 1 to 2 t / h, regardless of the type of materials. Electric motor power 5-7.5 kW.

The results are shown in tables 2 and 3.

table 2 Grinding organic materials. Material The initial size, mm. After grinding, mm Notes 1st pass 2nd pass Sunflower meal 3-8 up to -2 0-1 Pea meal 0-10 up to 1 - Polova 0-50 up to 5 0-1 After the first pass, all the straws are very macerated. Wheat corn up to 0.5 - Separate grains come across

Table 3 Grinding inorganic materials. Particle size
material Source material, mm +3.0 mm +0.35 mm +0.160 mm +0.100 mm +0.044 mm Less than 0,044 mm Granite up to 20 3.6 38.6 13.43 5.3 11.63 19.94 Granite (shaft with reduced pitch) up to 20 - 24.8 22.1 15,2 4.8 33.1 Syenite up to 20 1,6 31.1 12.0 14.8 8.8 21.70 Fight of quartz and glass up to 15 1.8 30.1 14.0 15.1 15.4 24.0

It is shown that the universal grinder allows you to effectively grind crushed stone obtained after preliminary crushing on jaw and hammer (rotor) crushers (with sizes up to 20 mm) and to obtain powders of fineness less than 0.35 mm with a yield of 62-75%, of which less than 0.044 mm up to 35-45%.

The grinder can grind grain, meal and floor to a size of not more than 1 mm, which meets the needs of feed mills.

Simultaneously with grinding in the working area of the grinder, highly efficient mixing of various components can be performed.

Literature.

1. Mechanical equipment of non-ferrous metallurgy plants. Part 1. D.P. Pritykin. Mechanical equipment for the preparation of charges, materials. "Metallurgy" M. 1988, p.143-248.

2. The basics of metallurgy. T.1, Part 1. State-owned scientific and technical. publishing house of literature on ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, M. 1961, s.266-278.

3. Chernyaev N.P. Feed production. IN. "Agroproduct", M. 1989.

4. Vershinin NP, Vershinin I.N., Kuznetsov V.V. “A device for grinding. Patent R.F. No. 2093354; priority of the invention 16.X.1992.

Claims (9)

1. A chopper, including a hopper with a control device and a rotating shaft located inside a stationary working chamber, in which a window for finished products exit is made, characterized in that the working chamber is made in the form of a pipe in which rods are mounted on the shaft along a helical line. 2. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods are mounted on a pipe fixedly mounted on the shaft. 3. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the pitch of the helix decreases towards the exit from the working chamber. 4. The chopper according to claim 3, characterized in that the step size at the exit from the working chamber is 0.5 ... 0.6 of the step size in front of the working chamber, while at the same time the gap between the rods is reduced by 30-50%. 5. The chopper according to claim 2, characterized in that on the pipe with rods opposite the hopper 2-4 propellers are installed for throwing the crushed material towards the window to exit the finished product. 6. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a removable insert made of wear-resistant material to protect the inner surface of the working chamber. 7. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the working chamber is closed by a cylindrical casing filled with circulating water. 8. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that in it opposite the window for the exit of the finished product from the working chamber, 2 ... 3 rods are installed in a radius in the form of a cross in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. 9. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a propeller installed at the outlet of the working chamber directly in front of the bearing, to discard the ground material from the bearing towards the window to exit the finished product.