RU2292701C1 - Method for presowing treatment of potato tubers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plant growing, in particular, cultivation of potato.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting potato tubers adapted for planting into two halves and exposing to aeration for 1-2 hours; before planting process, treating cut tubers with 0.1%-solution of para-aminobenzoic acid and covering with ash produced by burning of wheat or buckwheat straw and used in an amount of 130-180 kg/hectare.

EFFECT: enhanced promoting of potato plant growing and development processes and increased yield.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production, and may find application in planting potatoes.

There is a method of presowing treatment of potato tubers, in which the tubers are divided into several fractions and depending on the size of the tubers, various doses of PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) are used and planting material is maintained in its solution for 20 hours (Serova R.Ya., Seregina N.I. ., Broksh VL "Using the stimulatory effects of PABA in potato seed production" // Chemical mutagens and para-aminobenzoic acid in increasing the yield of agricultural plants. Publishing House "Science". 1989. P.167).

This method is not effective enough, since it requires the separation of tubers into fractions, their exposure for a long time.

There is also known a method in which tubers were soaked for 12-14 hours in a 0.1% PABA solution and, under industrial conditions, they were sprayed immediately before planting and additionally introduced trace elements manganese, copper, boron (Kulakov N.P., Udovitsky A. C. "The effect of PABA on potato tubers" // Chemical mutagens and para-aminobenzoic acid in increasing the yield of agricultural plants. Publishing house "Science". 1989. S. 150-160).

The known prototype method is also not effective enough, because in production conditions the used OVT-1 sprayer treats tubers unevenly, and the PABA solution penetrates weakly through the surface of tubers. Used trace elements increase the cost of using the method.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method and reduce the cost of pre-planting treatment of tubers.

This goal is achieved in that, in contrast to the prototype method, the tubers are cut in half, weathered for 1-2 hours, and immediately before planting, they are treated in this PABA solution. Wet planting material is enveloped in ash in an amount of 130-180 kg / ha.

The method is as follows.

Before planting, the tubers are cut in half. Such an agricultural method contributes to an increase in planting material. After 1-2 hours, the dried halves are soaked in a 0.1% PABA solution.

PABA is a crystalline powder. The molecular weight is 137.14, the mass fraction of the dry PABA preparation is not less than 99.5%, moisture not more than 0.3%. The empirical formula is C ₇ H ₇ NO ₂ . PABA is soluble in hot water at a temperature of 60-80 ° C. The concentration of 0.1% PABA solution is used in the prototype method.

The treatment of cut tubers with an aqueous PABA solution enhances the enzymatic activity of the sprouts, leads to higher reaction rates without affecting the heredity of cultivated varieties.

Ash contains all the nutrients absorbed by plants, in particular phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, potassium.

Depending on the type and age of the plants, the ash contains the potassium necessary for potatoes, easily soluble in water and well accessible to plants. Magnesium, sulfur, iron, boron, manganese and many other elements (74 in total) contained in the ash are also in a state accessible to plants and may well replace microelements.

The parameters of the method (130-180 kg / ha) are justified by quality indicators of ash, i.e. if it is obtained from wheat straw, then the potassium content in it is 9-18%. Buckwheat ash contains 25-35% potassium. Such a difference in the content of potassium and phosphorus - the main elements in the cultivation of potatoes, determine the dose used in the method.

Example 1. Dissolved 20 grams of PABA in 20 liters of hot water (80 ° C). The hectare norm of potatoes (1200 kg) was cut in half, dried for 1 hour, soaked in PABA solution and dusted in ash (obtained from the combustion of wheat straw) in an amount of 180 kg. Treated potatoes were planted with a potato planter.

Example 2. Potatoes in an amount of 1500 kg / ha were cut in half. The halves were dried for 2 hours. During this time, a 0.1% solution of PABA was prepared. Planting stock was soaked in a PABA solution, followed by dusting in ash (after buckwheat straw) in an amount of 130 kg / ha. The data for the four tested potato varieties (Lukyanovsky, Iskra, Lugovsky, Zhukovsky) are given in the table.

Table.
Potato yield, kg / ha Experience option Potato variety Lukyanovsky Spark Lugovskoy Zhukovsky Processing uncut tubers PABK - prototype 148 239 227 276 PABA treatment of halved tubers 160 248 242 296 Powder dusting of chopped tubers 100-120 kg / ha 172 259 256 312 The proposed method: processing PABK cut in half tubers and dusting with ash 130-180 kg / ha 200 279 331 356 Dusting uncut tubers with ash 130-180 kg / ha 186 263 275 309

Therefore, cut in half tubers can reduce the planting rate, and the synergy of the two components: PABA and ash contributes to an increase in yield compared to the prototype by 40-104 kg / ha.

Claims (1)

A method for pre-sowing treatment of potato tubers, including processing of planting material with a 0.1% solution of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), characterized in that the potato tubers are cut in half, weathered for 1-2 hours and immediately before planting, treated with an aqueous solution of PABA and a wet planting the material is enveloped in ash from wheat or buckwheat straw in an amount of 130-180 kg / ha.