RU2352115C1 - Wheat growth stimulant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: proposed wheat growth stimulant contains humic acids, obtained from alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The growth stimulant also contains double superphosphate and has the following ratio of components, in g/l: humic acids 0.05-0.005, double superphosphate 10-70.

EFFECT: invention increases germination capacity of seeds; stimulates development of the root system; provides for increases leaf surface; increases wheat harvest.

4 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for growing wheat.

Known plant growth stimulator [1] - sodium humate, containing 2-3% (20-30 g / l) of the main active substance - humic acids.

The disadvantages of the plant growth stimulator [1] include low biological activity and a high environmental response (pH 1-13), which, if handled carelessly, can damage the plants and the lack of plants necessary for the growth and development of nitrogen.

Known plant growth stimulator [2], obtained by processing lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and containing 4.5% (45 g / l) humic acids, up to 6% (60 g / l) dry matter and up to 0.8% (8 g / l) of gross nitrogen.

The disadvantage of the plant growth stimulator [2] is its low biological activity, especially when used for presowing treatment of seeds of agricultural crops.

Closest to the claimed invention is a liquid humic fertilizer [3], taken as a prototype obtained by treating a mixture of peat and vermicompost in a ratio of 1: 11-13 with an aqueous solution of caustic potassium and containing at least nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, humic acids, microelements of plant nutrition, including copper and / or boron, auxiliary substances — elements of plant mineral nutrition, including zinc or magnesium, and water in the following ratio, wt.%: nitrogen (NO ₃ ) - not less than 0.002, potassium (K ₂ O) - not more than 0.4 phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅₎ - not enee 0.03, humic acid - 0.15-0.5, and as excipients - plant nutrition elements it contains at least molybdenum and / or cobalt or selenium and / or silicon oxide. The main disadvantages of liquid humic fertilizer [3] are:

- multicomponent composition: peat, vermicompost, macro-, microelements, which increases the cost of the target product, and increases the biological activity slightly;

- multi-stage production, which increases the duration of the production process;

- the use of expensive source of organic and mineral components, such as biohumus, macro-, microelements;

- low phosphorus content in liquid humic fertilizer / 3, table 2 / does not provide the need for it in the initial period of plant growth;

- low temperature of the process does not provide the target product with a high content of humic acids.

All of the above disadvantages lead to an increase in the cost of liquid humic fertilizer. It should also be noted its low biological activity.

The invention is aimed at eliminating these disadvantages and consists in the fact that the wheat growth promoter includes humic acids obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of peat, and it contains humic acids obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and additionally double superphosphate in the following ratio of components, g / l:

humic acids 0.05-0.005 double superphosphate 10-70

The claimed invention differs from the well-known [3] in that, to obtain a wheat growth stimulator containing humic acids (hereinafter referred to as HA), one source of organic raw materials (lowland peat) and one mineral component (superphosphate) are used, which reduces the cost of the target product.

Another advantage of the claimed wheat growth stimulator is that it is obtained by treating lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which ensures the presence of nitrogen in it without the additional introduction of nitrogen-containing fertilizers necessary for intensive growth and development of plants and increase biological activity.

The implementation of the process by heating to 140 ° C provides a concentrated mother liquor of the target product containing humic acids 9-30 times more than in the prototype. An additional introduction of phosphorus in the initial period of growth allows you to activate photosynthesis, respiration and growth, increase the formation of fats and proteins, stimulate the fertilization of flowers, the formation and ripening of fruits. The phosphorus content in the stated limits in the proposed wheat growth stimulator provides its high biological activity.

The quantitative ratios of the ingredients included in the inventive wheat growth stimulator are justified by the fact that when going beyond the boundaries of the declared interval, the biological activity of the resulting wheat growth stimulator is not increased.

The choice of lowland peat to obtain a wheat growth stimulator is due to the fact that it provides a higher yield of humic acids.

Below is an example of obtaining a concentrated mother liquor containing HA from lowland peat.

Example 1. Low peat is mixed with a 1.0% solution of aqueous ammonia and a 1.2% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in a ratio of 1: 5: 5, heated to 140 ° C with constant stirring and the liquid phase is separated. The liquid phase, which is a concentrated mother liquor, contains 4.5% HA.

Example 2. Obtaining a plant growth stimulator containing 0.05 g / l of HA and 10 g / l of phosphorus.

Obtaining the inventive composition of the wheat growth stimulator includes three stages:

1) preparation of a solution containing HA, (solution No. 1): 1.1 ml of the concentrated mother liquor obtained in example 1, diluted to 500 ml with water;

2) preparation of a phosphorus solution (solution No. 2): 10 g of double superphosphate are dissolved in 500 ml of distilled water;

3) preparation of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth: drain solutions No. 1 and No. 2 and mix thoroughly. The resulting wheat growth stimulant contains 0.05 g / l HA and 10 g / l double superphosphate. Table 1 presents the compositions of the claimed plant growth stimulator.

Table 1
The compositions of the claimed plant growth stimulator Composition number The number of starting components to obtain 1 liter of a given composition of a wheat growth stimulator The content of components in the claimed plant growth stimulator, g / l concentrated mother liquor containing HA, ml double superphosphate, g humic acids double superphosphate one 1,1 10 0.05 10 2 0.11 70 0.005 70 3 1,1 70 0.05 70 four 0.11 10 0.005 10

One of the biological indicators that most fully characterizes the usefulness of seeds and the viability of plants is the intensity of the initial seed growth. There is a direct correlation between the intensity of initial seed growth and plant productivity. This position is due to the effect of the inventive wheat growth stimulator containing HA and phosphorus in the claimed quantitative ratio on wheat seeds.

The stimulating activity of the claimed wheat growth stimulator was tested on wheat seeds of the Novosibirsk-15 variety according to GOST 12038-84 [4]. Wheat seeds were moistened with the obtained wheat growth stimulator, germinated between sheets of wet filter paper for 7 days. After 7 days, seed germination was determined. Then, seedlings and roots were separated from seeds, dried in an oven at 100-105 ° С to constant weight (within 2-2.5 hours), dry green mass and root mass were weighed on an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.00005 g, compared with control and expressed in%. The repetition of the determination in each variant is six times. The determination results are presented in table 2.

Tests showed that seed treatment with the claimed wheat growth stimulator increased the dry vegetative mass of seedlings by 15-19%, the dry root mass of seedlings by 33-37% in relation to seeds treated with 0.01 g / l HA without the addition of double superphosphate. The increase in vegetative mass relative to the control (water) was 4-7%, the increase in root mass was 25-29%.

The effectiveness of the use of a wheat growth stimulator was determined in a field experiment on gray podzolized soil. The repetition of each experiment is fourfold. Table 3 presents the biometric parameters of wheat plants, the seeds of which were planted before planting with the claimed wheat growth stimulator. From the data of table 3 it follows that the use of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth increased the area and number of leaves in wheat, which indicates the intensification of biochemical processes in plants.

Table 4 presents data on the impact of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth on wheat yield in the field experiment. It was shown that pre-sowing seed treatment with the claimed wheat growth stimulator allowed to increase the yield by 9.9% in relation to seeds treated with a solution containing 0.01 g / l HA without the addition of double superphosphate. Compared to the prototype, wheat yield increased by 22%.

The inventive stimulator of wheat growth increases the germination of seeds, stimulates the development of the root system, ensures the growth of a powerful leaf surface, increases the yield of wheat by 22% to the prototype.

Thus, the claimed wheat growth stimulator in comparison with the prototype is more effective.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 1167174, cl. C05F 11/02, published 1985.

2. RF patent No. 2213452, class. A01N 65/00, C05F 11/02, published 2003.10.10.

3. RF patent No. 2181710, class. C05F 11/02, C05F 3/00, published 2002.04.27.

4. GOST 12038-84. Seeds of crops. Germination determination methods. - M .: Publishing house of standards, 1984. - 28 p.

table 2
The biological activity of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth Experience option Germination,% Dry vegetative mass,% Dry root mass,% % to control % to a solution containing 0.01 g / l of HA without double superphosphate % to control % to a solution containing 0.01 g / l of HA without double superphosphate 1. Water control 94 one hundred - one hundred - 2. The solution obtained in example 1 and containing 0.01 g / l HA 91 90 one hundred 94 one hundred 3. Composition: 0.01 g / l HA + 23 g / l double superphosphate 94 107 119 * 129 137 * 4. Composition: 0.05 g / l HA + 10 g / l double superphosphate 95 105 117 * 128 136 * 5. Composition: 0.05 g / l HA + 70 g / l double superphosphate 94 104 116 * 125 133 * 6. Composition: 0.005 g / l HA + 10 g / l double superphosphate 93 106 118 * 128 136 * 7. Composition: 0.005 g / l HA + 70 g / l double superphosphate 95 104 115 * 126 134 * NDS _0.5 - - eleven - 12 Note: * - differences with control are significant.

Table 3
The influence of wheat growth stimulant on biometric indicators of wheat in the flowering phase Experience option Leaf area of one plant The average number of leaves Single sheet area Tillering coefficient cm ² % PC. % cm ² % 1. Control 10.8 100.0 2.9 100.0 3.8 100.0 one 2. The solution obtained in example 1 and containing 0.01 g / l HA 17.5 162.0 3.0 103,4 5.7 * 150.0 1.3 3. Composition: 0.01 g / l HA + 23 g / l double superphosphate 18.0 * 166.7 3,1 106.9 5.7 * 150.0 1.4 4. Composition: 0.05 g / l HA + 10 g / l double superphosphate 17.3 * 160,2 3.0 103,4 5,6 * 147.4 1.3 5. Composition: 0.05 g / l HA + 70 g / l double superphosphate 17.9 * 165.7 2.9 100.0 5,4 * 142.1 1.4 6. Composition: 0.005 g / l HA + 10 g / l double superphosphate 17.6 * 162.9 3.0 103,4 5.5 * 144.7 1.4 7. Composition: 0.005 g / l HA + 70 g / l double superphosphate 17.8 * 164.8 3,1 106.9 5.3 * 139.5 1.3 NDS _0.5 6.0 - 1,1 - 1,1 - 0.3 Note: * - differences with control are significant.

Table 4
The influence of the inventive stimulator of wheat growth on the grain yield of spring wheat varieties Novosibirsk-15 on gray podzolized soil Experience option Grain harvest, kg / ha Grain Harvest % to control % to a solution containing 0.01 g / l of HA without double superphosphate 1. Control 10.0 one hundred - 2. The solution obtained in example 1 and containing 0.01 g / l HA 13.1 * 131 100.0 3. Composition: 0.01 g / l HA + 23 g / l double superphosphate 14.4 * 144 109.9 4. Composition: 0.05 g / l HA + 10 g / l double superphosphate 13.4 * 134 102.3 5. Composition: 0.05 g / l HA + 70 g / l double superphosphate 14.2 * 142 108,4 6. Composition: 0.005 g / l HA + 10 g / l double superphosphate 13.3 * 133 101.5 7. Composition: 0.005 g / l HA + 70 g / l double superphosphate 14.1 * 141 107.6 NDS _0.5 1.9 - - Prototype - 120.5 - Note: * - differences with control are significant.

Claims (1)

A wheat growth stimulator comprising humic acids obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of peat, characterized in that it contains humic acids obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of lowland peat with an aqueous solution of ammonia in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, and additionally double superphosphate in the following ratios of components, g / l:
humic acids 0.05-0.005 double superphosphate 10-70