RU2289761C2 - Hot-water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat supply.

SUBSTANCE: hot-water boiler comprises furnace chamber separated into furnace and ash compartments, gas duct compartment, and heat exchange and hot-water compartment. The gas duct compartment is separated from the furnace compartment by means of a baffle made of refractory bricks and is defined by spaces between the arch of the furnace chamber, top surface of the baffle, back side of the baffle, face of the back wall of the furnace chamber, space in the back wall of the furnace chamber, and space between the outer wall of the furnace chamber and outer lining of the boiler. The heat exchange and hot-water compartment is made of sections assembled in two L-shaped convective blocks. The first convective block is mounted vertically behind the furnace chamber, and the second one is mounted horizontally above the chamber and first convective block. The furnace compartment of the boiler has cylindrical brick arch.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

2 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The boiler with chamber combustion is designed for operation in industrial heating and heating boilers as heat sources for both industrial and residential and communal buildings and structures.

The boiler operates on low-calorie fuels with a high moisture content due to the increased combustion temperature of the fuel.

A device for burning solid fuel is known, containing a combustion chamber formed by the walls, framed by a water-cooled jacket, equipped with a perforated shell, which faces the grate (see AS No. 1028962, class F 24 H 1/10, 1983).

A disadvantage of the known combustion device is the insufficient completeness of fuel combustion and ineffective purification of exhaust gases.

The closest is the boiler described in patent RU 2118762, F 24 H 1/00, where the device for burning solid fuel contains a wall formed by the combustion chamber, framed by a water-cooled jacket, equipped with a perforated shell, adjacent to the grate. The device is equipped with a chimney with water ribs and a gas purifier, made in the form of a container with a gas outlet pipe in the upper part, vertical partitions, alternately fixed on opposite sides with the formation of a winding gas channel, and a gas suction pipe placed at one end in its lower part and the other in the aforementioned pipe, whereby the perforated shell is placed at one end in the chamber with a gap relative to its walls, the bypass pipe is placed outside the chamber and connected to the latter above and below shells, metal fins are placed on the inner surface of the walls of the combustion chamber, with the latter, a chimney and a gas purifier connected in series along the gases.

The disadvantage of this boiler is its low efficiency due to the fact that the combustion temperature of the fuel in the boiler cannot rise to the maximum possible, and there is no complete burnout of the fuel. This produces soot and carbon monoxide, which must be removed from the boiler. For gas purification there is a special gas purifier, made in the form of a container with a gas outlet pipe. In an incomplete chemical reaction, the following occurs: C + O = CO (carbon atom + oxygen atom = carbon monoxide).

Carbon monoxide is a toxic substance, so it must be removed from the gas path of the boiler using a smoke exhaust, as it is heavier than air. In case of incomplete combustion of fuel due to insufficient air, only 1 kg of carbon is released 2400 Kcal / kg. At the same time, there is a lot of soot formation on convective heating surfaces, which complicates the heat exchange between flue gases and network water in the boiler, which leads to even greater heat loss. As a result of this is a low efficiency of using the boiler.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the accumulative type hot water boiler consists of a combustion chamber with a back and an outer wall, divided into a furnace and ash compartments, a gas duct and a heat-exchange-water part located outside the furnace compartment, while the furnace compartment of the boiler is equipped with a loading furnace a door, a grate, a door to remove ash and a gate to regulate the blast air, and the boiler has an external heat-shielding lining. In addition, the gas duct is separated from the furnace compartment by a flame partition made of refractory brick, while the gas duct is formed by cavities between the arch of the combustion chamber and the upper surface of the flame partition, the rear surface of the flame partition and the front surface of the rear wall of the combustion chamber, as well as the cavity in the rear wall of the furnace chamber and the cavity between the outer wall of the combustion chamber and the outer lining of the boiler, in addition, the outlet of the flue gas duct is placed in the upper front part the boiler is equipped with a gate, the heat-exchange hot-water part is made in the form of sections assembled in two convective blocks installed L-shaped, the first convective block being installed vertically behind the combustion chamber, and the second horizontally above the chamber and the first convective block, the boiler furnace section has a cylindrical a vault made of wedge-shaped refractory bricks, on the front wall of the boiler and on the rear wall behind the first convective block there are removable hatches, a collector for I enter the return network water into the boiler, in the upper part of the boiler there is a collector for the outlet of the supply network water, an air valve is installed on the collector for the exit of the supply network water.

The design of the inventive boiler is presented in figure 1 is a front view and figure 2 is a side view of a section aa, where:

1 - furnace loading door;

2 - door to remove ash and adjust the air supply;

3 - grate;

4 - furnace compartment;

5 - ash department;

6 - gas duct;

7 - flame partition;

8 - arch of the combustion chamber;

9 - arch of the flame partition;

10 - door to remove ash and soot;

11 - the back wall of the combustion chamber;

12 - collector for input reverse network water;

13 - the first convective block;

14 - the second convective block;

15 - collector for the output of the supply network water;

16 - flue for removing flue gases from the boiler;

17 - external lining of the boiler;

18 - removable hatches for inspection and cleaning of convective heating surfaces of the boiler;

19 - drain valve;

20 - air valve.

The boiler is formed of a combustion chamber, a gas duct and a heat-exchange-water-heating part.

The combustion chamber is the space formed by the walls and divided by the grate 3 to the combustion 4 and ash 5 compartments. Walls have front and back surfaces. The back surface of all walls of the combustion chamber is called the outer wall, moreover, the rear surface of the rear wall of the combustion chamber is included as part of this outer wall. The furnace compartment 4 of the boiler is equipped with a loading furnace door 1, a grate 3, a door for removing ash 2 and a gate for adjusting blast air, has a cylindrical arch 8 made of wedge-shaped fire brick. The furnace compartment 4 is separated from the gas duct 6 by a flame partition 7 made of refractory bricks designed to prevent fuel and slag from entering the gas duct 6.

The flue compartment 6 is formed by cavities between:

- the arch of the combustion chamber 8 and the upper surface of the flame wall 7,

- the back surface of the flame partition 7 and the front surface of the rear wall of the combustion chamber 11,

- cavity 9 in the rear wall 11 of the combustion chamber,

- a cavity between the outer wall of the combustion chamber and the outer lining of the boiler 17, in which the heat-exchange-water-heating part is located.

The heat-exchanging-hot-water part consists of a collector for introducing return network water 12, the first 13 and second 14 convective units, a collector for exiting the supplying network water 15. The heat-exchanging-hot-water part is made in the form of sections assembled in two convective units installed L-shaped. The first convection unit 13 is mounted vertically behind the combustion chamber, the second 14 is horizontally above the combustion chamber and the first block 13. The blocks 13 and 14 are assembled in the factory and undergo hydraulic tests. Installation of boiler blocks is carried out together with the lining works.

The design of the boiler has removable hatches 18 for inspecting and cleaning the convective 13 and 14 heating surfaces of the boiler. Only one bleed valve 19 is installed in the boiler.

The inventive boiler can be used for systems with natural circulation of water (coolant), because after filling the system, further movement of the network water is due to the difference in specific gravities. The input of return network water occurs through a collector 12 at the bottom of the boiler. The outlet of the supply network water occurs through the collector 15 in the upper part of the boiler. To remove air from the boiler, only one air valve 20 is required, installed on the collector 15. The flue gases from the second convection unit are exhausted in the upper front part of the boiler through a gas duct 16 equipped with a gate (not shown in the drawing) for adjusting and switching off the boiler. The boiler is covered with asbestos and brick 17 on top to preserve the accumulated heat inside the boiler.

The technical result from the use of this boiler is that:

- its use leads to fuel economy and increased efficiency,

- fuel of sufficiently high humidity is completely burned in it, the formation of soot and soot, which are deposited on the pipes, is reduced

- there is an increase in the life of the boiler,

- reduction of boiler cost and operating costs,

- the exit of flue gases is carried out in the upper front part of the boiler through a flue with a temperature of not more than 130 degrees. FROM.

- the boiler works without a blower fan and smoke exhaust;

- the boiler works without a circulation pump for reverse network water, for systems with natural circulation, in other systems - like a conventional boiler.

In the furnace compartment, a very high temperature is constantly maintained due to the radiation of heat from the boiler roof and the flame partition accumulated in the brick parts of the furnace compartment to the fuel.

With complete combustion, a complete chemical burnout of the fuel occurs - almost all fuel fractions burn out, and all the chemical energy of the fuel turns into heat. One carbon atom of fuel, combining with two oxygen atoms, forms a carbon dioxide molecule; two hydrogen atoms, connecting with one oxygen atom, form a water molecule. The water available in the fuel turns into steam, which, evaporating, expands and creates additional traction. No aggressive media are created inside the boiler - there are no concentrated hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, which very quickly destroy the metal parts of the boiler.

When carrying out a complete chemical reaction, carbon dioxide is formed, as it is lighter than air, and hot steam, falling into the chimney, tend upwards and create additional traction. In this regard, there is no need to install smoke exhausters and blowers, which reduces the cost of boiler equipment, and during operation leads to lower energy costs.

Due to the design of the gas duct, the gases rise up under the cylindrical arch, are additionally heated by bricks in the combustion chamber, passing through the gas duct, they transfer heat to the convection-radiation part of the boiler and then cooled to 130 degrees. From and below, flue gases enter the boiler flue, gas path and chimney. The exit of flue gases from the second convection unit is carried out in the upper front part of the boiler through a gas duct equipped with a gate for regulating and switching off the boiler. The return of mains water to the boiler is introduced at the very bottom of the boiler.

The proposed design has a sufficiently large inertia and to maintain a high temperature inside the vault of the combustion chamber 5, it is sufficient to burn fuel for 3-4 hours a day for small heating systems, in other systems - like a conventional boiler.

The principle of operation of the boiler.

Solid fuel is used for the boiler furnace, such as sawdust, peat, firewood, coal consisting of several fractions having different combustion temperatures. At the same time, there is still water in the fuel. During evaporation, water increases in volume many times, and hot steam transfers heat. In the process of burning fuel, due to the vaulted design, a temperature above 1000 degrees is created in the combustion chamber. C, which leads to complete combustion of fuel. With complete combustion, all the chemical energy of the fuel turns into heat, while one carbon atom of the fuel, connecting with two oxygen atoms, forms a carbon dioxide molecule; two hydrogen atoms, connecting with one oxygen atom, form a water molecule.

The total combustion of carbon, hydrogen and sulfur (for coal and peat) can be represented as follows:

C + O ₂ = CO ₂ (carbon + hydrogen = carbon dioxide);

H ₂ + O = H ₂ O (hydrogen + oxygen = water vapor);

S + O ₂ = SO ₂ (sulfur + oxygen = sulfur dioxide).

With the complete combustion of the fuel, we get when burning 1 kg of carbon 8100 Kcal / kg. With incomplete combustion of fuel per 1 kg of carbon, 2400 kcal / kg is released.

Boilers with chamber combustion provide complete burnout of fuel, compared to other boilers, since 1000 or more degrees C are created in the chamber due to the fact that hot gases are collected under the roof, they heat a thick layer of the brickwork of the arch, and the heated bricks in turn, heat is radiated from one side to the fuel, and from the other to the boiler tube surface - the first 13 and second 14 convection blocks, respectively.

Heated gases pass through the heat-exchanging water-heating part of the boiler, transferring heat to the heat carrier inside the first 13 and second 14 convective blocks, and, cooling down, to exit to a temperature of no more than 130 degrees. C, they exit through the gas duct 16 in the upper front part of the boiler through a gas duct equipped with a gate to regulate and turn off the boiler. The return of mains water to the boiler is introduced at the very bottom of the boiler.

Example. When using a boiler with a furnace chamber volume of 0.51 cubic meters. m boiler height is 1.8 m, boiler length - 2.5 m, boiler width - 1.5 m; V gases - 56 cubic meters m. For heating a building with an area of 225 sq. m (grocery store), the consumption of firewood was 0.08 cubic meters per day at an outdoor temperature of -15 degrees. C, and the temperature in the building did not fall below +18 degrees. FROM.

Claims (1)

An accumulative-type hot water boiler, consisting of a combustion chamber with back and outer walls, divided into a furnace and ash compartments, a gas duct and a heat-exchange-heating part located outside the furnace compartment, while the furnace compartment of the boiler is equipped with a loading furnace door, a grate, a door for ash removal and a gate to adjust the blast air, and the boiler has an external heat-shielding lining, characterized in that the gas duct is separated from the combustion compartment of the flames a refractory brick partition, wherein the gas duct is formed by cavities between the combustion chamber arch and the upper surface of the flame partition, the rear surface of the flame partition and the front surface of the back wall of the combustion chamber, as well as the cavity in the rear wall of the combustion chamber and the cavity between the outer wall of the combustion chamber and external lining of the boiler, in addition, the outlet of the flue gas duct is placed in the upper front part of the boiler and equipped with a gate, the heat exchange water-heating part is made on in the form of sections assembled in two convective blocks installed L-shaped, the first convective block being installed vertically behind the combustion chamber, and the second horizontally above the chamber and the first convective block, the furnace compartment of the boiler has a cylindrical arch made of wedge-shaped refractory brick, removable hatches are located on the front wall of the boiler and on the rear wall behind the first convection unit, a collector is located in the lower part of the boiler for introducing reverse network water into the boiler, located in the upper part of the boiler collector output AC supply water to the manifold to exit the water supply network installed air valve.

Images