RU2551183C2 - Heating device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat exchange equipment, and namely to devices for air-and-liquid heating of rooms of different purpose at use of all types of solid fuel. A heating device includes a bell-type and a furnace chamber, the walls of which are made of fire brick along the housing outline. The furnace chamber includes a solid fuel loading door with a damper, a heat exchanger, a stack and a stack gate valve. The heat exchanger is made in the form of a water penal and installed in the middle of the bell-type chamber with a possibility of flue gas heating on all sides. Above the furnace chamber there installed is a rectangular metal plate on two transversely located angles, which together with the penal base made of a metal plate and installed on transversely located shaped rectangular metal pipes forms a flue gas combustion duct. An ash pit door is installed sideways on the rear side of the furnace chamber for the supply and control of secondary air supplied to the flue gas combustion duct. Additionally, a door with a damper is installed at the inlet of the bell-type chamber for the supply of the secondary air to the bell-type chamber and for final afterburning of the flue gas in it. In the heating device there vertically located are two rows of shaped rectangular metal pipes installed in seams of the brick masonry of the stack from a binder to the second stack gate valve with a possibility of heating the air from the hot flue gas inside the shaped rectangular metal pipes and by means of convective heat and mass exchange with a possibility of heating a room and a room that is located one floor above, where the stack is installed.

EFFECT: increasing heat and mass exchange of the heating device with air masses of a heated room or a liquid heat carrier.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat exchange equipment, and in particular to devices for air-liquid heating of premises for various purposes using all types of solid fuel, and can be used in everyday life, in utility rooms and in production, where hot water is needed while disposing of waste products wood and other materials, except plastics, plastics and the like, during the combustion of which substances harmful to humans are released.

Known heating gas-generating devices "Bulleryan" and "Chenille", which work on wood waste wood, peat briquettes, low-calorie coal. These ovens can fill the room with warm air in 20-30 minutes. Kindle them like an ordinary stove. And then on the hot coals they lay the main fuel and using the two shutters set the long-term burning mode. Bulleryan furnaces have built-in ducts with inlet pipes at the bottom and outputs at the top. These pipes suck in cold air near the floor of the room, which, when heated, goes up. Such a device increases the intensity of heat transfer (see B.C. Sinelnikov. Encyclopedia of suburban construction. M: EKSMO, 2008, p.196).

The disadvantages of the known devices are that the devices have a limit on the maximum power of ~ 35 kW, are made completely non-separable from metal, which imposes a restriction on dimensions, weight, and therefore on maximum power.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed invention is a heating device containing a furnace and bell chambers, which contain walls made of refractory bricks along the contour of the housing. The combustion chamber includes a furnace chamber with a door for loading solid fuel, grates located above the ash pan. A blown ash pan is made at the bottom of the furnace chamber and has a door for ash removal, on which a gate is installed to control the amount of primary air supplied. Between the rear wall of the furnace chamber and the outer wall of the combustion chamber, a chimney pipe with a chimney valve is installed to regulate the regime of gas generation of solid fuel. A heat exchanger is installed in the upper part of the combustion chamber, made in the form of grate grates of metal pipes with a certain step between each other and with the possibility of heating a liquid or air coolant. To fix the grate grids of the air heat exchanger, angles are installed from the opposite outer walls of the combustion chamber. An ejector is installed in the chimney to supply excess heated secondary air, made in the form of a T-shaped pipe, which is installed in the chimney of the combustion chamber. On the opposite walls inside the combustion chamber are liquid heat exchangers with inlet and outlet pipes.

A liquid heat exchanger is located above the air heat exchanger from the side of the chimney to prevent slag and ash from entering the chimney installed in the combustion chamber, and a liquid heat exchanger is located under the heat exchanger so as not to interfere with the removal of slag and ash. Liquid heat exchangers with inlet and outlet pipes are installed with the possibility of contacting with metal pipes of the grate of the heat exchanger. Also, the bell chamber contains walls that are a continuation of the contour of the furnace chamber body. A heat exchanger is installed in the bell-shaped chamber, made in the form of a grate of metal pipes installed in such a way that the pipes penetrate the walls through. The metal tubes of the heat exchanger are located inside the bell chamber in the form of a funnel, tapering in the lower part. The bell chamber has a door for unloading slag and ash. A cap has been installed on top of the bell-shaped chamber, the walls of which are side and top, inside and outside, made in the form of a double metal system. Between the walls of the metal system through the inlet nozzle of the cap is supplied liquid coolant. The cap also has an outlet pipe. In the cap, a nozzle for loading coal is installed on top, on top of which there is a hollow cover for cooling with a handle or a cover made of heat-resistant material. A liquid heat exchanger is installed under the heat exchanger so as not to interfere with the removal of slag and ash from the bell chamber (see patent RU No. 2445550, IPC F24C 13/00, F24H 1/46, publ. March 20, 2012).

The disadvantages of the known device are: heating by air masses is carried out only of the room where the heating device is installed, most often it is a separately built boiler room, because coal is loaded into the bell-shaped chamber of the heating device from above through the nozzle; when loading through the nozzle, smoke, soot, soot enter the room, which is not very convenient from an operational point of view; heating of the usable area is possible only with the heat transfer fluid of the heating device.

The technical task of the invention is to develop a design of a heating gas-generating device in brick construction with air-liquid heating of the premises, both forced and natural heat and mass transfer.

The technical result of the invention is the increase in heat and mass transfer of the heating device with the air masses of the heated room or a liquid coolant.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a heating device containing a bell and furnace chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory bricks along the body contour, the furnace chamber contains a door for loading solid fuel with a gate, a heat exchanger, a chimney pipe, a chimney valve, according to the invention, the heat exchanger is made in in the form of a pencil case with water and is installed in the middle of the bell chamber with the possibility of heating with flue gases from all sides, right next to the front wall of the combustion chamber is rectangular I have a metal plate at two transverse corners, which, together with the base of the heat exchanger, also made of a metal plate, mounted on transverse rectangular metal pipes, forms a channel for burning flue gases, a blow door is installed on the side from the back of the combustion chamber for supplying adjusting the supply of secondary air to the flue gas combustion channel, an additional blower door with a gate is also installed at the inlet of the bell chamber m for the supply of secondary air to the bell chamber and the final combustion of flue gases in it, in addition, two rows of profile rectangular metal pipes are vertically located in the heating device, installed in the seams of the brickwork of the chimney pipe from the underfloor to the second valve with the possibility of heating from hot flue gases air inside the profile rectangular metal pipes and through convective heat and mass transfer with the possibility of heating the premises and premises one floor higher, where smoke is installed naya pipe.

In addition, the technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the rows of profile rectangular metal pipes are vertically arranged to bind the bricks together when laying the chimney and installed inside the chimney as follows: on the left side in even rows, and on the right side in odd rows .

The proposed heating device is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - heating device: a) is a side view in section, b) is a section aa of Fig. a);

figure 2: a) - laying of odd rows of a chimney of five bricks (for low-power heating devices) with the image of a profile rectangular metal pipe, b) - laying of even rows of a chimney of five bricks with the image of a profile rectangular metal pipe, c) - section A- A 6);

figure 3: a) - laying of odd rows of a chimney of seven bricks (for more powerful heating devices) with the image of a profile rectangular metal pipe, b) - laying of even rows of a chimney of seven bricks with the image of a profile rectangular metal pipe, c) - section A -A fig. B).

The heating device (see figure 1) consists of a combustion chamber 1, a bell chamber 2, which contain walls made of refractory bricks along the contour of the housing, and a chimney 3. The combustion chamber 1 consists of a lower chamber 4, where firewood smolders when insufficient intake of air from the furnace door 5 with the gate 6, through which firewood is laid and ash is removed, the primary air supply is regulated. The blower door 7 is installed in the side wall on the rear side of the lower combustion chamber 4 for supplying and regulating the supply of secondary air for combustion of flue gases. Through the “dry” seams 8 in the rear wall 9 of the lower combustion chamber 4 pass “ballast” cold flue gases that do not participate in the further combustion process. The heating device consists of a rectangular metal plate 10, which is installed on two transverse corners 11 close to the front wall of the combustion chamber 1, and from the side of the rear wall 9 there is a gap 12 for the passage of flue gases with a cross section not less than the cross section of the chimney 3. Channel 13 for flue combustion of gases is formed on the bottom side by a rectangular metal plate 10, on the side of the back wall and on the side by brick walls 9, 14, on top by the expanded base 15 of the heat exchanger made of metal plate slime mounted on the core 16 of rectangular metal pipes, a front side - with a door 17 damper 18.

Rectangular shaped metal pipes 16 are transversely installed between the brickwork of the side walls of the heating device in the upper part of the flue gas channel 13. The door 17 with the gate 18 is designed for additional supply of secondary air and the final afterburning of flue gases and is installed at the inlet of the bell chamber 2 and serves in the same way as a cleaning door. The heat exchanger is made in the form of a canister 19 with water and is installed in the middle of the bell chamber 2 with the possibility of heating with hot flue gases from all sides except the lid, and therefore the water in it heats up quickly and well. The canister 19 with water has an inlet pipe 20 at the bottom for supplying cold water, and at the top an outlet pipe 21 for removing hot water. It should be noted that the brick walls of the bell chamber 2 also heat up well, because installed with the possibility of contact with hot flue gases from the outside.

The design features of the heat exchanger, made in the form of a pencil case 19 with water, are as follows:

the cover 22 mounted on top, as well as the base 15 and part of the side wall 23 in the area of the valve 24, is made of metal plates, which are located on the side of the wide walls of the canister 19 with the possibility of overlapping smoke channels from below and above, also with the possibility of passage of flue gases in addition to lower valve 24. The lower valve 24 is open during ignition and closes after ignition, achieving a good draft of the chimney. Hot flue gases in the bell chamber 2 rise up to reach its roof 25, consisting of a cover 22, a pencil case 19 with water and several rows of masonry. If the lower valve 24 is closed, then the hot flue gases, giving off heat to the pencil case 19 with water and the brick walls of the bell chamber 2, go down to the underfloor 26, then along the chimney 3 they rise up, heating the profile rectangular metal pipes 27, which depending on the even (see Fig. 2, b and 3, b) and odd (see Fig. 2, a and 3, a) arrangement of the rows inserted into the seams of the bricks of the chimney pipe 3. The air in them is heated and convective heat and mass transfer occurs. The installation of profile rectangular metal pipes 27 is shown in figure 2 of five bricks (for low-power heating devices) and in figure 3 of seven bricks (for more powerful heating devices). Profile rectangular metal pipes 27 are vertically installed in two rows in the seams of the brickwork of the chimney pipe 3 from the underfloor 26 to the second upper valve 28 with the possibility of heating air from hot flue gases and heating inside the profile rectangular metal pipes 27. In case there is a need for heating the second of the floor where the chimney passes, then the profile rectangular metal pipes 27 and the second valve 28 are installed on the second floor at the height of the outstretched arm of an adult and by The heat and mass transfer heat the room and the room one floor higher.

The proposed heating device operates as follows (see figures 1, 2, 3). Firewood or other types of solid fuel are fed through the loading door 5 into the combustion chamber 1, before the kindling, the gate 6 of the door 5 is left open. After sufficient kindling of solid fuel in the combustion chamber 1 of the heating device, the gate 6 of the loading door 5 partially or completely closes and thereby enters into smoldering mode, and with the help of the blower door 7 of the heating device is transferred to the mode of complete combustion of flue gases in the channel 13 formed between the metal plate 10 and a metal plate-base 15 of the heat exchanger, made in the form of a pencil case 19 with water. When flue gases are burned when the required amount of secondary air is supplied, heat of more than 1000 ° C is released, part of which through the metal plate 10 supports the smoldering-burning process of solid fuel through thermal radiation through a rectangular metal plate 10 due to its good thermal conductivity. Next, the flue gases enter through the channel 13 for burning flue gases in the bell chamber 2 and rise to its roof 25, where they give their heat. If the valve 24 is closed, the flue gases, falling down, give heat to the brick walls of the bell chamber 2 and the metal walls of the pencil case 19 with water, thereby heating the water, and through the twist 26 enter the bottom of the chimney pipe 3. In the chimney pipe 3 for air heating of the heated room and the room located on the floor above, there are two rows of vertically located in the chimney 3 profile rectangular metal pipes 27, which additionally remove the heat of the flue gases.

The proposed heating device compared with the prototype (see patent RU No. 2445550, IPC F24C 13/00, F24H 1/46, publ. March 20, 2012) provides the following advantages:

- burn flue gases in a channel formed between two metal plates, burn in a bell chamber and thereby achieve complete combustion of solid fuel, reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere;

- increase the heat and mass transfer on the dome of the bell chamber, where hot flue gases rise and accumulate, and on the developed walls of the bell chamber 2, taking the heat of the flue gases using vertical rows of shaped rectangular metal pipes installed in the chimney in a heated room and in a room a floor higher;

- increase heat and mass transfer using a heat exchanger, made in the form of a pencil case with water, mounted in a bell chamber with the possibility of heating with hot flue gases from all sides;

- with the help of “dry” seams of masonry, the removal of “cold” ballast flue gases is achieved, which do not participate in the process of burning flue gases and do not reduce their combustion temperature.

Claims (2)

1. A heating device comprising a bell and furnace chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory brick along the contour of the housing, the furnace chamber contains a door for loading solid fuel with a gate, a heat exchanger, a chimney, a chimney valve, characterized in that the heat exchanger is made in the form of a case with water and is installed in the middle of the bell chamber with the possibility of heating with flue gases from all sides; a rectangular metal plate is installed over the combustion chamber at two transverse corners , which together with the base of the pencil case made of a metal plate mounted on transverse rectangular rectangular metal pipes forms a channel for burning flue gases, a blow door is installed on the side from the rear side of the combustion chamber for supplying and adjusting the supply of secondary air to the flue gas burning channel A door with a gate is also additionally installed at the inlet of the bell-shaped chamber for supplying secondary air to the bell-shaped chamber and final burning of flue gases in it, in addition, in the heating device, two rows of profile rectangular metal pipes are vertically located installed in the seams of the brickwork of the chimney pipe from the underfloor to the second chimney valve with the possibility of heating air from hot flue gases inside the profile rectangular metal pipes and by convective heat and mass transfer with the possibility of heating the room and the room above the floor where the chimney is installed. 2. The heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rows of profile rectangular metal pipes are vertically arranged to bind the bricks together when laying the chimney pipe and installed inside the chimney as follows: on the left side - in even rows, and on the right side - in odd rows.

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