RU123116U1 - HEATING DEVICE (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of heat exchange equipment, namely, devices for air-liquid heating of premises for various purposes, and can be used in everyday life and other rooms for hot water. For ease of installation, masonry of the heating device in a brick version with channels for burning gas-generating gases formed by two metal plates, directly in a heated room while maintaining a high value of efficiency, therefore, to reduce the consumption of firewood by the same amount, and in case of additional heat storage use a liquid heat exchanger, pierced from bottom to top by two chimney pipes, made with expanding side walls, and two formed by air the upper regions for the formation of steam during heating, which serve as a buffer during ice crystallization and do not allow the ice to break the side walls of the heat exchanger; furnace 2 and bell dome 5 of the chamber are located next to each other, and furnace chamber 2 with door 3 and gate 4 is aligned with the ash chamber forming one camera. Between the combustion chamber 2 and the cast-iron stove 15 located above it, an additional rectangular metal plate 7 is installed at two transverse angles 8, which together with the cast-iron stove 15 forms a channel 14 for burning gas-generating gases when secondary air is supplied through the door 12 with a gate 13, additionally mounted between the metal plate 7 and the cast iron plate 15 in a brick wall on the back of the combustion chamber 2, and a rectangular metal plate 7 is installed with the possibility of Formations of the combustion chamber 2: lower — into the chamber for gas generation of solid fuel and upper — into the chamber for complete combustion of gas-generating gases when secondary air is supplied through door 12 with gate 13; in addition, vertical slots 6 are made along the combustion chamber 2 to exit through the bell-shaped chamber 5 into the chimney 11 cold ballast gases. According to option 2 of the heating device, a heat exchanger is installed above the combustion chamber 2, made in the form of a tank 22 with expanding side walls 23, and consisting of a bottom 34, an airtight cover 32, two horizontally located partitions that serve as a channel 36 and a pass of flue gases and separating the tank with liquid : to the upper 29 and lower 30. Two vertically mounted metal pipes 35, 37 are connected on one side with the bottom of the tank 34, on the other hand with a lower horizontal partition. One pipe 35 is for ascending flue gases, and the other pipe 37 is for descending flue gases. Of the communicating pipe 33, which connects the lower 30 and upper 29 tanks with water, from two nozzles: the upper 24 - to replenish the balance of water in the tank 22, installed at such a height that between them and the upper cover 28 of the tank 22 there was sufficient air area for the formation of steam during heating of water and crystallization of ice during freezing of water, the lower 26 - for the intake of heated water from the tank 22, installed below the lower end of the communicating pipe 33, so that in the tank 22 there is always a minimum volume of water and formed above it is the air region - for steam during heating of the tank 22 with water and crystallization of ice when water freezes.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of heat exchange equipment, namely, devices for air-liquid heating of premises for various purposes, and can be used in everyday life and other rooms for hot water.

A heating device with a channelless chimney is known, comprising a combustion chamber, a closed bell chamber, grate, grate, ash and chimney doors, hail, hood, chimney, chimney valve, heat-absorbing walls. Here, smoke is circulated inside a closed bell-shaped chamber. Hot gases from the high of the furnace enter the hole in the bottom of the chamber, rise to the roof of the hood and lower down the cooler walls. Then, through a side hole they go into the chimney. This design has all the advantages of a single-turn chimney with parallel lowering channels, but is devoid of its drawbacks: during the kindling period, smoke immediately leaves the inlet outlet, the column of cold air does not block it. A channelless chimney creates good draft both during kindling and during a heated stove. It allows you to do with a short chimney (see B.C. Sinelnikov "Encyclopedia of suburban construction", M., "EXMO", 2008, p.330).

The disadvantages of the known device are that the device is intended only for air heating of the room, there is no hob and liquid heat exchanger, high consumption of solid fuel, which is not very convenient from an operational point of view.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed utility model is a heating device containing a bell and furnace chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory bricks along the contour of the housing. The combustion chamber includes a furnace chamber with a grate located above the ash pan, a door, a chimney and a chimney gate, and a ash pan door. Between the furnace and bell chambers, a heat exchanger is installed in the form of a grate made of metal pipes arranged horizontally, which are fixed by corners installed from the outer walls of the furnace chamber. A liquid heat exchanger with an outlet pipe is installed on top of the heat exchanger from the side of the chimney pipe, and a liquid heat exchanger with an inlet pipe is also installed on the opposite side from the bottom of the heat exchanger. Liquid heat exchangers are interconnected through an inlet and outlet pipe. An ejector is installed in the combustion chamber, which is introduced from the bottom of the bell chamber through a chimney. A cap is installed above the bell-shaped chamber, the walls of which are side and top, inside and outside, made in the form of a double metal system with the possibility of supplying liquid heat-transfer fluid between these walls through the bell inlet pipe. In the cap, a nozzle for loading coal is installed on top, and a cap with a handle is installed on the nozzle at the top. A heat exchanger is installed inside the bell-shaped chamber in the form of a funnel-shaped grate, tapering in the lower part of the bell-shaped chamber and made of metal pipes penetrating through the walls of the bell-shaped chamber. A gate is made in the door of the blower-ash pan of the combustion chamber. The heating device is designed to heat the room with both wood and coal, both air and liquid heat carrier at the same time. In such a heating device, when there is insufficient air flow into the combustion chamber, solid fuel smolders - gas generation, and in the bell chamber, when a sufficient amount of secondary air is supplied, flue gases are burned, when burned, heat is released at a temperature of more than 1000 ° C, which in turn supports combustion , coal combustion of any quality (see patent RU No. 2445550, IPC F24C 13/00, F24H 1/46, publ. 03.20.2012).

The disadvantages of the prototype include the fact that in addition to firewood, coal is also used in the heating device, which burns a lot of soot and soot, which additionally requires the construction of a separate room - a boiler room, and for the supply of warm air to the heated room an additional collector is required that connects with a number of heated rectangular profile pipes on one side and is pumped by a fan, which complicates the installation of the heating device.

To date, the relevance of a number of applications of brick kilns has almost come to naught. By reducing the range of purposes, the diversity of the designs of furnaces erected by masonry is reduced. On the other hand, their number is growing commensurably due to the development of new design options for the same purpose, for example, the same heating and cooking.

The technical task of the proposed utility model is the development of the design of a heating gas generator with a stove and the design of an additional heat accumulator with water and steam, in which there is no danger of freezing the system, in a brick version and with adjustable primary and secondary air supplies.

The technical result of the utility model is the ease of installation, masonry of a heating device in brick construction with channels for burning gas-generating gases, formed by two metal plates directly in a heated room while maintaining a high value of efficiency, therefore, reducing the consumption of firewood by the same amount, and in the case of additional accumulation heat the use of a liquid heat exchanger pierced from bottom to top by two chimney pipes, made with lateral expansion I-walled, and the two formed regions of the top air to generate steam by heating, which serve as a buffer in the crystallization of ice and do not allow the ice to break the side wall of the heat exchanger

The technical result is achieved in that in a heating device containing a furnace and bell chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory brick along the contour of the housing, the furnace chamber contains a loading door with a gate, an ash chamber, a chimney, a chimney valve, according to a utility model, a furnace and bell the chambers are located next to each other, and the combustion chamber with the door and the gate is combined with the ash chamber, forming one chamber, while between the combustion chamber and the cast-iron stove installed above it a metal plate is installed at two transverse corners, which together with the cast-iron stove forms a channel for burning gas-generating gases when secondary air is supplied through a door with a gate installed in a brick wall on the back of the combustion chamber opposite the loading door between the metal plate and the cast-iron stove, a metal plate is installed with the possibility of converting the combustion chamber: the bottom into the chamber for gas generation of solid fuel and the top into the chamber for lnogo combustion gases in gas-supplying secondary air through a damper door, besides combustion chamber along a series of vertical slits configured to exit chimney in cold ballast gas through the bottom of the bell camera that does not participate in the combustion process further.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that in a heating device containing a furnace and bell chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory bricks along the body contour, the furnace chamber contains a loading door with a gate, a heat exchanger, a chimney, a chimney valve, according to a utility model, a furnace and the bell-shaped chambers are located next to each other, while the heat exchanger is mounted above the combustion chamber and is made in the form of a tank with expanding side walls and contains a bottom that is tight th lid, two horizontally located partitions, which are the channel and pass of flue gases and divide the tank: on the upper and lower, two vertically mounted pipes connected on one side to the bottom of the tank, on the other hand with a lower horizontal partition, one pipe being designed for ascending flue gases, and the other pipe for descending flue gases, while from a communicating pipe connecting the lower and upper reservoirs with water, from two nozzles: the upper one to replenish the balance water in the tank installed at such a height that between them and the top cover of the tank there is sufficient airspace for steam to form when the water is heated and ice crystallizes when the water freezes, the lower one for the intake of heated water from the tank installed below the lower end of the communicating pipe so so that there is always a minimum volume of water in the tank and an air region is formed above it - for steam during heating of the tank with water and ice crystallization during freezing of water.

The novelty of the proposed heating device is that:

- installation of a rectangular metal plate above the furnace chamber and under the cast-iron stove for converting the furnace chamber: the lower chamber into the chamber for smoldering solid fuel, the upper chamber into the channel for burning gas-generating gases when the required amount of secondary air is supplied through the gate with a gate;

- between the pipe and the upper cap and the lower end of the communicating pipe and the cap of the lower tank of the heat exchanger there are closed, sealed air areas that make up at least 10% of the total volume of the heat exchanger, where when heated, steam is formed that accumulates much more heat than water, respectively, gives off so much heat when cooling, and this same air area serves as a kind of buffer during ice formation and does not allow ice to break the walls of the heat exchanger when water freezes;

- the implementation of the heat exchanger in the form of a tank with expanding side walls makes it possible to accumulate a large amount of heat during the heating device heating and to give the same amount of heat in the absence of a furnace due to the heating of water and the formation of steam in the tank and not be afraid to freeze the water tank in winter;

- on the side between the combustion chamber and the bell chamber there are a number of vertical slots through which cold, ballast gases pass, which are not involved in the further combustion of flue gases, passing through the bottom of the bell chamber into the chimney, which is very convenient when lighting the heating device when the air temperature outside is higher than indoors and ballast gases do not lower the temperature in the combustion chamber.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 - heating device (option 1): a) - front view with a partial section; b) - section AA of figure a);

- figure 2 - heating device (option 2): a) is a front view with a partial section; b) - section AA of figure a); c) is a cross-section BB of figure a).

The heating device (see figure 1) for the implementation of the first embodiment contains walls made of refractory bricks along the contour of the housing 1, a combustion chamber 2 with a loading door 3 with a gate 4 for regulating the supply of primary air. The furnace chamber 2 and the bell chamber 5 are located next to each other, and the furnace chamber 2 is combined with the ash chamber, forming one furnace chamber 2. Between the furnace chamber 2 and the bell chamber 5, a series of vertical slots 6 are made in the seams of the brickwork for direct passage of “cold "Flue gas components that do not participate in the further process of burning flue gases in the bell chamber 5 and do not lower the combustion temperature of the flue gases. Above the loading door 3 with the gate 4 of the combustion chamber 2, a rectangular metal plate 7 is installed at two transverse corners 8, which is tightly adjacent to the front wall 9 of the combustion chamber 2. The metal plate 7 is installed with the possibility of converting the combustion chamber 2: the lower one into the gas generation chamber solid fuel and the upper - in the chamber for the complete combustion of gas-generating gases when secondary air is supplied There is a gap between the rear wall 10 of the combustion chamber 2 and the rectangular metal plate 7 I passage of flue gases, the cross section is not less than the cross section of the chimney pipe 11. In the rear brick wall 10 on the reverse side of the combustion chamber 2, at the level or above the level of a rectangular metal plate 7, an additional door 12 is installed with a gate 13 for supplying and regulating the supply of secondary air to the channel 14 for burning flue gases. A flue gas burning channel 14 is formed between a rectangular metal plate 7 and a cast-iron stove 15, at the end of which a screw 16 is installed, through which hot flue gases enter the bell-shaped chamber 5. Hot flue gases rise up to the roof 17 of the bell-shaped chamber 5 and the gate valve 18, which opens at the moment of heating the heating device for direct passage of flue gases into the chimney 11, so as not to smoke and closes after lighting. When the valve 18 is closed, hot flue gases give off heat to the roof 17, the walls of the bell chamber 5 and go down to the underfill 19 of the chimney pipe 11. At the level of the underfill 19, a row of rectangular shaped metal pipes 20 is laid through the bell chamber 5 through the bell chamber 5. which are heated by hot flue gases. In this case, the air inside the rectangular shaped metal pipes 20 is heated, convective heat exchange of the air at the floor level occurs. The cooled flue gases through the tube 19 enter the chimney pipe 11. In the chimney pipe 11, at the level of the roof 17 of the bell chamber 5, a second valve 21 is additionally installed, which opens when the heating device is kindled, is closed halfway after the kindling, when the heating device is sufficiently hot and does not smoke. The second valve 21 closes completely at the end of the furnace.

In the heating device (see figure 2) when performing option 2, it was taken into account that water and steam have large heat storage properties. Hot water is always necessary in everyday life, on the farm and in the workplace. The disadvantage of water heating is the property of water to expand during ice crystallization and break the walls of pipes and heating radiators. In this case, instead of the cast-iron plate 15 of the combustion chamber 2 according to version 1 of the heating device, a heat exchanger is installed, made in the form of a tank 22 with water. The reservoir 22 with water is made with expanding side walls 23, with an upper nozzle 24 and a tap 25 for replenishing the water balance in the reservoir 22, with a lower nozzle 26 for collecting hot water from the reservoir 22 and the hot, cold water mixer 27. The upper pipe 24 is installed in the side wall 23 at such a height that between the upper sealed cover 28 of the tank 22 and the water surface there is an air area where steam is formed when the water is heated and ice does not break the walls 23 of the tank 22 when ice crystallizes. The tank 22 consists of two tanks: the upper 29 and the lower 30, moreover, a communicating pipe 33 is installed to the base 31 of the upper reservoir 29, to the cover 32 of the lower reservoir 30. The lower end of the communicating pipe 33 is at such a height that between the upper tight The arm 32 of the lower reservoir 30 and the surface of the water was an air region with the same purpose as in the upper reservoir 29. The bottom 34 and the lid 32 of the lower reservoir 30 are interconnected by two metal pipes, 35 hot flue gases rising in one of them. Then the flue gases pass through the channel 36, formed by horizontally arranged partitions: the base 31 of the upper tank 29 and the cover 32 of the lower tank 29, which serve as the channel 36 and the pass of the flue gases, giving off heat, go down another pipe 37, which is made with a bend 38 to 90 °, is inserted into the Hail 16 and sealed.

The proposed heating device (option 1) works as follows. Solid fuel is laid in the combustion chamber 2 of the heating device through the combustion door 3. Before the ignition of the fuel, the gate 4 of the furnace door 3 is left ajar, then after the ignition, the gate 4 is hidden so that the firewood in the combustion chamber 2 starts to smolder. Thus, gas generation of firewood occurs. Then the gate 13 of the door 12 is opened to supply secondary air so that smoke does not pass into the heated room. Between the metal plate 7 and the cast iron stove 15 in the flue gas burning channel 14, when the required amount of secondary air is supplied, the gas-generating flue gases are completely burned. In this case, heat is released above 1000 ° C, which through the hail 16 enters the bell-shaped chamber 5, reaches the upper arch 17 of the bell-shaped chamber 5, which serves as a pass. In the event that the valve 18 is opened during kindling in warm summertime, flue gases immediately enter the chimney 11, and heat is not accumulated in the bell chamber 5. After kindling in winter, the valve 18 closes, while the flue gas goes down, giving off heat to the brick walls of the bell chamber 5. Hot flue gases reaching the rectangular profile pipes 20 heat them, while the air in these pipes heats up, convective heat exchange occurs. Next, the flue gases are lowered to the underfloor 19 and into the chimney 11. The chimney valve 21 opens completely when lighting, half closes after lighting, and closes at the end of the wood burning process when there is no residual carbon monoxide.

In the heating device according to option 2 (see figure 2), the combustion chamber 2 operates similarly to the combustion chamber 2 according to option 1.

In this case, heat of more than 1000 ° C is released, hot flue gases through the pipe 35 reach the base 31 of the upper tank 29 of the heat exchanger. Then hot flue gases pass through the channel between 31, 32 and fall down along the second pipe 37, giving off heat to the heat exchanger. In a heat exchanger that is not completely filled with water, its temperature reaches 100 ° C, then with a further increase in temperature, the water evaporates and turns into steam. Then, hot flue gases through the hilo 16 (not shown in Fig. 2), since after inserting the pipes 37, 38 the hilo 16 is closed, they enter the bell-shaped chamber 5. The process of heat and mass transfer in the bell-shaped chamber 5 takes place similarly to option 1 of the heating device. The heating device must be melted so that the steam pressure does not rise to excessively large values.

Then the flue gases from the outlet of the heat exchanger are lowered to the metal plates 7, 15 and then between them through the hail 16 they enter the bell-shaped chamber 5, where it rises up to the chamber vault 17, transferring heat to the walls of the bell-shaped chamber 5, goes down and through the twist 19 - into chimney pipe 11. If the valve 18 is open, the flue gases in transit go into the chimney without transferring heat to the bell chamber 5. The valve 18 is used in the warm season, when there is no need to heat the room, there is only a need Revai water or cooking food on the iron plate 15.

When it is necessary to accumulate heat using water and steam in the cold season, instead of a cast-iron stove 15, a heat exchanger is used, made in the form of a tank 22 with expanding side walls 23. The proposed heating device makes it possible to convert a conventional heating and cooking stove into a gas generator. At the same time, the blower with the door is removed, the combustion chamber 2 goes down and is installed instead. In the combustion chamber 2, a metal plate 7 is additionally installed at two transverse corners 8 so that the flue gases do not immediately enter through the hail 16 into the chimney 11, and are burned first in the channel 14 when a sufficient amount of secondary air is supplied.

The proposed heating device compared with the prototype (see patent RU No. 2445550, IPC F24C 13/00, F24H 1/46, publ. March 20, 2012) provides the following advantages:

- the design is easy to manufacture, preventive maintenance and alteration if necessary, because only the upper part of the combustion chamber is disassembled and changed, and not the entire design of the heating device;

- with additional accumulation of heat and steam, the proposed design of the heat exchanger is convenient from an operational point of view: it is not necessary to constantly monitor so as not to freeze the heating system;

- using a bell-shaped chamber and a series of vertical slots between the furnace and bell-shaped chambers, it allows, firstly, to minimize the formation of thrust and to exclude reverse thrust into a heated room in the warm season; moreover, cold, ballast gases do not lower the temperature in the combustion chamber, and in transit through the bottom of the bell chamber enter the chimney, secondly, increase the heat capacity of the heat exchanger due to the accumulation of heat of water and steam, do not drain the water in the winter in the absence of a furnace for a long time.

In addition, thanks to the claimed heating device, simple tools are offered for converting ordinary brick stoves, which are available in almost all private houses without central heating and gas, into a gas-generating heating device, which increases the efficiency several times, respectively, saving the same amount of firewood when heating, for which the grate, ash chamber, blower are removed, the combustion chamber with the door and the gate is lowered to the level of the ash chamber. Then, a rectangular metal plate (plate) is installed in the furnace chamber under the cast-iron stove to convert the furnace chamber: to the lower chamber - for gas generation of solid fuel, to the upper chamber - for complete combustion of gas-generating gases when the required amount of secondary air is supplied through the gate with a gate. The bell dome in the proposed heating device is used to accumulate heat.

Claims (2)

1. A heating device comprising a furnace and bell chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory bricks along the body contour, the furnace chamber contains a loading door with a gate, an ash chamber, a chimney, a chimney valve, characterized in that the furnace and bell chambers are located next to each other another, moreover, the combustion chamber with the door and the gate is combined with the ash chamber, forming one chamber, while between the combustion chamber and the cast-iron stove located above it is additionally mounted on two transversely in the adjacent corners is a rectangular metal plate, which together with the cast-iron stove forms a channel for burning gas-generating gases when secondary air is supplied through a door, additionally installed between the metal plate and the cast-iron stove in a brick wall on the back side of the combustion chamber, the metal plate being installed with the possibility of converting the furnace chambers: the lower one - into the chamber for gas generation of solid fuel and the upper one - into the chamber for complete combustion of gas-generating gases, etc. supplying secondary air through a door damper further along the combustion chamber is formed a series of vertical slits for exit through the bottom of the chamber in the bell chimney cold ballast gases. 2. A heating device comprising a furnace and bell chambers, the walls of which are made of refractory bricks along the body contour, the furnace chamber contains a loading door with a gate, a heat exchanger, a chimney, a chimney valve, according to a utility model, the furnace and bell chambers are located next to each other moreover, the combustion chamber with the door and the gate is combined with the ash chamber, forming one chamber, while a heat exchanger is installed above the combustion chamber, made in the form of a tank with expanding side consisting of a bottom, an airtight cover, two horizontally located partitions that serve as a channel and pass of flue gases and separating the tank with liquid: on the upper and lower, two vertically mounted pipes connected on one side to the bottom of the tank, on the other side from the bottom horizontally located by a partition, one pipe being designed for ascending flue gases, and the other pipe for descending flue gases, from a communicating pipe that connects the lower and upper tanks to water, and h of two nozzles: the upper one - to replenish the balance of water in the tank, installed at such a height that between them and the upper cover of the tank there is sufficient airspace for steam to form when the water is heated and ice crystallizes when the water freezes, the lower one - for the intake of heated water from the tank installed below the lower end of the communicating pipe so that there is always a minimum volume of water in the tank and an air region forms above it - for steam during heating of the water tank and ice crystallization, etc. and freezing water.