RU2283568C2 - Pneumatic seeding unit with bed forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, pneumatic seeding equipment.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit has hopper and thin-walled hollow drum. Through suction openings are provided through drum surface. Drum is mounted on hollow rotating shaft with apertures, said shaft simultaneously serving as air duct for discharging air from drum cavity by means of vacuum source. Bracket is rigidly fixed on hollow shaft. Rotary frame movably connected with bracket through pivot joint is adapted for attachment of shielding roller. The latter is provided with elastic coating. Two-cavity pneumatic chamber is located within drum inner cavity. Membrane of pneumatic chamber is connected through stem and pivot joint with transverse piece of rotary frame and is spring-loaded within stem cavity. Stem-free cavity of pneumatic chamber is connected through air duct with working cavity of three-cavity pulsator. Vacuum cavity of pusator is communicated with stem cavity of pneumatic chamber and with drum cavity, and pressure cavity is communicated with atmosphere. Pulsator has coordinated drive from drum. Electromagnetic bed forming apparatus located in seed ejection zone has light source, light diode, spring-loaded shutter, carrier, electromagnet, and control unit.

EFFECT: wider operational capabilities of seeding unit due to the capability of counting seeds and forming beds with desired number of seeds.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to pneumatic sowing devices.

As a prototype, a pneumatic metering device according to US Pat. No. 2204892, cl. A 01 C 7/04, 2003, containing a thin-walled hollow drum adjacent to the bunker in such a way that it forms a minimum gap with the side and lower walls of the hopper, eliminating the shedding of seeds. Through suction holes are made on the surface of the drum. The sides of the drum are mounted on the hollow axis of rotation, which, thanks to the holes, simultaneously serves as an air duct for venting air from the cavity of the drum as a rarefaction source. An arm is rigidly fixed to the duct, to which a pivoting frame for attaching a shielding roller having an elastic coating is movably connected through a hinge. A two-cavity pneumatic chamber is mounted in the inner cavity of the drum, rigidly fixed to the hollow axis, connected through the rod and hinge to the cross member of the pivot frame. The pneumatic chamber membrane is spring-loaded in the rod cavity, which is connected with the drum cavity and with the rarefaction cavity of the three-cavity pulsator. The rodless cavity is connected through air ducts to the working cavity of the pulsator, the discharge cavity of which is connected to the atmosphere. The pulsator has a coordinated drive from the drum.

A disadvantage of the known design of the metering apparatus is the impossibility of counting and forming nests with a given number of seeds.

The essence of the invention is to increase the technological capabilities of the sowing apparatus due to the counting of seeds and the formation of nests with a given number of seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that, unlike the prototype, an electromagnetic nesting device is installed on the metering device, which works in concert with the drum and counts the seeds sown using a light source and a photodiode, collects seeds into a group using a spring-loaded damper and dumps a group of seeds using a leash, attached to the shutter, and an electromagnet, which is controlled from the control unit, which sets the number of seeds in the nest.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a pneumatic metering device with a nesting device.

The apparatus contains a thin-walled hollow drum 1 adjacent to the hopper 2 in such a way that it forms a minimum gap with the side and lower walls of the hopper, eliminating the shedding of seeds. On the surface of the drum 1 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, through suction holes 3 are made of a certain size, corresponding to the size of the sown seeds. The sides 4 of the drum 1 are mounted on the hollow axis of rotation 5, which, thanks to the holes 6, simultaneously serves as an air duct for venting air from the cavity of the drum 1 as a rarefaction source (not shown). A bracket 7 is rigidly fixed on the hollow axis of rotation 5, to which the pivoting frame 9 for attaching the shielding roller 10 is movably connected through the hinge 8. The shielding roller 10 has an elastic coating 11 and is mounted on the pivoting frame 9 so that it can roll over the inner surface of the drum 1. In the inner cavity of the drum 1 there is a mechanism for pressing the shielding roller 10 to the inner surface of the drum 1, which is a two-sheet pneumatic chamber 12 rigidly fixed on the hollow axis 5, connected through the rod 13 and the hinge p 14 with the cross member 15 of the pivot frame 9. The pneumatic chamber 12 has two cavities: rodless A and rod B, separated by a membrane 16, which is spring-loaded from the side of the cavity B relative to the housing by the spring 17. The cavity B communicates with the cavity of the drum 1. The rarefaction and atmospheric pressure are applied from a three-cavity pulsator (not shown in the drawing) and is consistent with the rotation of the drum. The pulsator has a working cavity, which is connected by an air duct 18 to the rodless cavity of the pneumatic chamber, a vacuum cavity connected to the drum cavity and the rod cavity of the pneumatic chamber, and a discharge cavity, which is in communication with the atmosphere. The vacuum enters the cavity B through the duct 18, and alternately the rarefaction and the atmospheric pressure enter the cavity A through the duct 19. A nest-forming device 20 is installed in the discharge zone 20. A light source 22 is mounted on the side wall 21 of the nesting device 20, and a photodiode 23 is installed on the opposite wall. A spring-loaded damper 24 is installed at the bottom of the nest-forming device 20. and the electromagnet 26 is carried out by the control unit 27.

The control unit (figure 2) consists of an amplifier 28, a reader 29, a switching device for setting the counting factor 30, an AND-31 element and a transistor 32 of the electromagnet 26 (figure 1) controlling the shutter 24.

The operation of a pneumatic metering device with a seed meter is as follows.

The bunker 2 is filled with seeds of the sowing culture. Drum 1 is driven into rotation. The vacuum in the drum 1 is created by a vacuum source connected to the air duct 5 by suctioning air from the cavity of the drum 1 through the openings 6 and the air duct 5. At the same time, the seeds that are in contact with the drum 1 are sucked into the holes 3. When the drum 1 rotates, the sucked seeds holes 3 are removed from the hopper 2 and transported to the discharge zone. Simultaneously with the appearance of rarefaction in the drum 1, the pneumomechanical mechanism begins to press the shielding roller 10 against the inner surface of the drum 1, rarefaction enters the cavity B through the duct 18, and vacuum, then the atmospheric pressure, alternately through the duct 19. The supply of rarefaction and atmospheric pressure is carried out in concert with the rotation of the drum. When approaching the suction hole 3 with the seed into the discharge zone, due to the different pressure in the cavities A and B of the pneumatic chamber 12, the membrane 16 through the rod 13 and the hinge 14, acting on the cross member 15 of the swing frame 9, presses the shielding roller 10 against the inner surface of the drum 1. Elastic coating 11 of the shielding roller 10 is deformed and overlaps the suction hole 3 in the seed discharge zone. Due to the screening by the roller 10 of the suction hole 3 from the vacuum created inside the drum 1, the holding force due to the difference in air pressure outside and inside the drum 1 ceases to act on the seed. The impact accompanying the contact of the screening roller 10 with the inner surface of the drum 1 contributes to improved separation of the seed from the hole 3. When the suction hole 3 leaves the discharge zone, a vacuum is supplied to the cavity A of the air chamber 12 by means of the duct 19, thereby equalizing the pressure in the cavities A and B. In this case, only the compression force of the spring 17 acts on the membrane 16, which raises the membrane 16, and through the rod 13 and hinge 14 the cross member 15 of the pivot frame 9, lifting the shielding roller 10 above the inner surface of the drum 1, removing the load and deformation of the elastic coating 11. After the discharge, the seed falling on the shutter 24 interrupts the light flux from the light source 22, the photodiode 23 detects the interruption of the light flux and sends a signal to the control unit 27. When a single seed passes through a light beam to the reader 29 (Fig. 2), the post paet pulse. At the moment of coincidence of the number of seeds with the number of seeds set on the switching device 30, the NAND element 31 supplies current to the transistor 32 and then to the coil of the electromagnet 26 (Fig. 1), the shutter 24 opens.

Thus, the use of an electromagnetic nesting device using a photodiode allows you to count the seeds and the formation of nests with a given number of seeds.

The source of information

RF patent No. 2204892, cl. A 01 C 7/04, published May 27, 2003, bull. No. 15.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic sowing device with a nesting device, comprising a thin-walled hollow drum with suction holes, a hopper, a vacuum source, a hollow axis with holes, a bracket mounted on a hollow axis, to which a pivoting frame of a shielding roller having an elastic coating is movably connected through a hinge through a rod and a hinge connected with a spring-loaded membrane of a two-cavity pneumatic chamber, having a coordinated drive from the drum, a three-cavity pulsator, the working cavity of which is connected by air with a rod with a rodless cavity of the pneumatic chamber, a rarefaction cavity with a drum cavity and a rod cavity of the pneumatic chamber, and an injection cavity with an atmosphere, characterized in that an electromagnetic nesting device is installed in the discharge zone, which is equipped with a light source, a photodiode and a spring-loaded shutter to which is attached a leash connected to an electromagnet, and the electromagnet is controlled from the control unit.

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