RU2478274C1 - Pneumatic-mechanical seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic-mechanical seeding unit comprises a hopper for seeds with a flap and a seed camera, a selecting-feeding device, an enlarging pipe with a valve and a frame with a roller. The roller interacts with the cam, and the frame is connected to the rod that has a working spring. A selecting-feeding device comprises a bar with a gripping element for seeds in the form of a spoon, and a guide plate with a groove to move the bar together with the frame. Additionally the selecting-feeding device is equipped with a bellows. The latter is made in the form of a hollow corrugated cylinder made of durable elastic material closed firmly and tightly with the lid from the top, rigidly connected by the rod. The lower part of the bellows is firmly fixed on the hollow cone for alternating creation inside it of the area of underpressure and high pressure. In the lower part of the cone there is an inlet with a valve, under which the guide plate of the selecting-feeding device is rigidly fixed.

EFFECT: invention provides a simple design with increased uniformity of the seeds distribution along the row.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing machines of sowing machines.

Close devices are the designs of the sowing apparatus presented in the copyright certificates of the USSR: No. 981587, class. АСС 7/04, 1982, No. 1456773, class. АСС 7/04, 1989, in which the design of the sowing apparatus consists of a hopper for seeds, a sowing disc with an elastic impeller and a ring, an air distributor with vacuum chambers and high pressure.

The devices work as follows. During rotation of the sowing disk, and with it the seeds in the mass, the elastic impeller and the ring, the seeds fill the space between the impeller blades. Under the action of the suction air flow, the seeds are sucked through the holes one by one through the holes in the seed chamber and attached to the pneumatic grips of the sowing disk, which, rotating, brings them to the area where the vacuum is replaced by increased air pressure, which contributes to the discharge of seeds through the radial channels of the sowing disk into the seed tube.

The disadvantages of the design of these sowing devices include the fact that for their functioning it is necessary to have additional devices for the generation and delivery of vacuum and excess air pressure, which leads to additional energy costs.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention (prototype) is the design of the pneumomechanical metering device according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2323732 RU, class. АСС 7/04, 06/27/2008

The design of this apparatus is a seed hopper with a shutter, a seed chamber, a pick-up device, consisting of a rod with a pick-up spoon located inside the seed chamber with its exit downward, a guide plate with a longitudinal recess, a cam, a frame, an inlet cylinder a hole, a working spring, a piston and an accelerating tube with a valve, the piston rod being rigidly connected to the rod of the selection-feeding device. This unit works as follows. When the seeder moves from the drive wheel, the cam is rotated, which, having the form of a steeply dipping spiral, smoothly raises the frame, piston rod and rod of the selection-feeding device through the roller, while compressing the working spring. When the piston rises in the under-piston space, a vacuum occurs, by means of which the valve in the booster tube closes. In the process of lifting the piston and the rod, the process of selecting the seed from the seed chamber and synchronously feeding it into the cylinder inlet takes place. The core of the selection-feeding device, carrying a pick-up spoon, having a bottom inclination to the horizon α≥φ, where φ is the angle of friction of the seed on the bottom material of the spoon (φ = 25 ... 30 °), rises together with the rod and piston. A wedge with an angle β = 90 ° -α is formed between the pick-up spoon with an inclined bottom and the vertical guide plate, into which the seed sinks and, when wedged, occupies a stable position. This is facilitated by the fact that part of the jammed seed enters the longitudinal recess of the guide plate. Other seeds located in the seed chamber and falling into the space above the pick-up spoon during the lifting of the stem fall from the jammed seed back into the chamber. The jammed seed, abutting against the recess of the guide plate, slides together with the rod to the inlet, where the support from the side of the guide plate stops, and it, having lost support, is guided along the inclined bottom of the intake spoon into the piston space of the cylinder. When the frame roller breaks off the cam surface under the action of a working spring, the piston in the cylinder drops sharply, while the inlet of the cylinder is closed, and the valve located in the booster tube opens and the seed with a portion of compressed air is ejected through the booster tube into the furrow formed by the coulter. The parameters of the cylinder, spring, booster tube and other elements of the apparatus are selected so that active-compulsory seeding of seeds into the soil is performed, which consists in the fact that each seed is given a speed of 15 ... 25 m / s. This speed of the seed ensures its introduction into the bottom of the furrow by 2 ... 3 mm without injury. Top seeds are covered with loose soil. Such seeding ensures good contact of seeds with the soil bed, which contributes to a better supply of soil moisture, causing faster seedlings and more favorable further development of plants, and, consequently, increased yield.

The disadvantage of the design of this apparatus is that a friction cylinder-piston pair with cuffs operates in extremely difficult conditions, which leads to rapid wear of the mating surfaces. In addition, due to the speed of the process (abrupt lowering of the piston), not all seeds manage to cover the distance from the inlet in the cylinder to the valve in the booster tube in one cycle. In this regard, gaps and doubles of seeds arise, which leads to a violation of the uniform distribution of seeds along the row.

The technical task is to create a sowing apparatus for sowing row crops (corn, chickpeas, peas, soybeans) with a simpler design of a selection-feeding device that provides uniform distribution of seeds along the row with their active-forced planting in the soil.

The technical problem is solved in a pneumomechanical sowing device, including a frame with a roller interacting with a cam, connected to a stem having a working spring, a seed hopper with a shutter and a chamber, a selection and feeding device, including a rod with a picking element for seeds in the form of a spoon, and a guide plate with a groove for moving the rod together with the frame, an acceleration tube with a valve, the selection-feeding device is equipped with a blower fur made in the form of a corrugated hollow cylinder made of durable of elastic material tightly-closed tightly with a lid, a rod rigidly connected at the lower part of the blower fur tightly fastened on the hollow cone to alternately create a vacuum inside the area and increased pressure.

The difference of the present invention from the prototype is that it uses a simpler design solution of the selection and feeding device, capable of working in difficult dusty conditions, the guide plate of the selection and feeding device is rigidly fixed under the inlet of the hollow cone, made in its lower part, in close proximity from the entrance to the booster tube, which creates the conditions for direct feed of seeds into the tube, excluding unloading them at its entrance, and ensures uniform distribution of seeds in l row.

Thus, a simpler and more reliable constructive solution is proposed, which ensures uniform distribution of seeds along the row with their active and forced incorporation into the soil, that is, the stated technical problem is completely solved.

The novelty and originality lies in the fact that due to the proposed selection and feeding device, steam is eliminated: cylinder-piston, there is no need for accurate manufacturing and fitting of rubbing links, more reliable operation of this device in difficult dusty conditions is ensured. The placement of the guide plate of the selection-feeding device under the inlet of the hollow cone near the entrance to the booster tube creates the conditions for uninterrupted supply of seeds to the booster tube, that is, their uniform distribution along the row with active-forced planting in the soil.

The figure 1 shows a diagram of a pneumomechanical sowing apparatus (side view), section BB.

The figure 2 shows a diagram of a pneumomechanical sowing apparatus (top view), section AA.

The device consists of a cam 1 interacting with a roller 2 mounted on a frame 3 connected to a rod 5 having a working spring 7, guide rollers 4, a damping spring 6, closed tightly and firmly on top of the cover 8 of the blower fur 9, made in the form of a corrugated hollow cylinder from an elastic material, a rod 10 with a capturing element for seeds in the form of an intake spoon 11, a hollow cone 12 with an inlet 13 made in its lower part with a valve 14, valve 15, an acceleration tube 16, a chamber 17, a guide plate 18, of a tight fixed at inlet 13, valve 19, hopper 20 and the seed coulters 21.

The device operates as follows. When the seeder moves in the direction of the arrow υ from the drive wheel (not shown), the cam 1 is rotated, which, having the form of a steeply dipping spiral, gently raises the frame 3 by means of a roller 2. To prevent the frame 3 from deviating from the vertical position, guide rollers 4 are mounted on the frame. When lifting the frame 3 together with it, the rod 5 of the selection-feeding device rises, passing inside the damping 6 and working 7 springs, the cover 8, tightly firmly covering the blower fur 9 from above, made in the form of corrugated a hollow cylinder made of elastic material, and the stem of the pick-up device 10 with a picking element for seeds in the form of a pick-up spoon 11. Since the lower part of the blower fur 9 is tightly fixed on the hollow cone 12, when the cover 8 of the blower fur 9 is moved upward inside rarefaction, which, propagating inside the cone 12, causes the opening of the valve 14 of the inlet 13, made in the lower part of the cone 12, and closing the valve 15 of the booster tube 16. At the same time, the rod 10, moving from the lower position when the capturing element for seeds 11 is located in the seed chamber 17, up along the groove of the guide plate 18, the seed is taken from the seed chamber 17 and fed synchronously to the valve 14 of the inlet 13 of the cone 12. The seed level in the chamber 17 is regulated by the shutter 19, installed in the seed hopper 20. As the frame 3 moves to its highest position, the vacuum in the blower fur 9 and the cone 12 increases to the maximum value, the rod 10 delivers the seed jammed between the seed pick-up element 11 and the groove of the guide plate 18 directly to the inlet port 13, which at this point as open due to the action dilution. An open valve 14 of the inlet 13 allows air to be sucked in from the area located in the seed chamber 17 directly above the seed pick-up element 11, thereby facilitating the penetration of the seed inside the cone 12. After the frame 3 passes through the upper position, the spring drops open abruptly frame 3, and together with it and the rod 5 by means of a cover 8, tightly firmly covering the top of the blower fur 9. Inside the blower fur 9 formed a region of high pressure, cat When spreading inside the cone 12, it closes the inlet 13 with the valve 14 and opens the valve 15 of the booster tube 16. Due to the close proximity of the inlet 13 from the valve 14, the seed that enters the cone 12 together with a portion of air freely enters the booster tube 16, eliminating the hang seed inside the cone 12. Seed moving inside the booster tube 16 under the influence of gravitational force and the force of excess air pressure, acquires a speed of 20 ... 25 m / s at the outlet of the booster tube 16. This speed is sufficient for the introduction of each seed into the bottom of the furrow opened by the opener 21, without injury to a depth of 2 ... 3 mm, providing the seed with tight contact with the soil bed. Top seeds are covered with loose soil. After the frame 3 has moved to its lowest position, the cover 8 of the blower fur 9 and the shaft 10 with the gripping element for seeds 11 will move with it, and the cam 1, turning, raises the frame 3, and the cycle repeats.

Thus, the proposed design of the pneumomechanical sowing device completely solves the technical problem, providing a uniform distribution of seeds along the row with their active-forced seeding in the soil.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic-mechanical metering device, including a frame with a roller interacting with a cam, connected to a stem having a working spring, a seed hopper with a shutter and a seed chamber, a selection and feeding device, including a rod with a seed catching element in the form of a spoon, and a guide plate with groove for moving the rod together with the frame, an accelerating tube with a valve, characterized in that the selection and feeding device is equipped with blower fur in the form of a corrugated hollow cylinder made of durable elastic on the material closed tightly and firmly on top by a cover rigidly connected by a rod, while the lower part of the blower fur is tightly fixed on the hollow cone to alternately create a vacuum region inside it and increased pressure, in the lower part of which there is an inlet with a valve under which it is rigidly fixed guide plate of the pick-up element.