RU207950U1 - PNEUMATIC SEEDING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to pneumatic-type seeding devices, and can be used for sowing agricultural seeds. suction nipples, seed hopper, vacuum cut-off and drive. Each suction nipple is fixed on the end wall of the vacuum drum with the possibility of displacement relative to the hole in this wall, and the vacuum is cut off by rotating the suction nipple around the additional axis on which it is fixed. With this design, the quality of sowing agricultural seeds is significantly increased.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to pneumatic-type seeding devices, and can be used for sowing seeds of agricultural crops.

Known pneumatic drum-type sowing device [1], containing a fixed hollow axis with holes for air suction and a branch pipe for connection with a vacuum source, a vacuum drum with holes for sucking the outside of the seeds, mounted on the axis with the possibility of rotation, a hopper for supplying seeds adjacent to the outside to the drum in the seed loading zone, a shielding device made in the form of a sliding element that contacts the inner surface of the drum opposite the seed discharge zone, and a receiver for sown seeds.

The disadvantage of the known seeding apparatus is the low quality of work due to the fact that the seeds are poorly adhered to the curved surface of the drum, especially the curved-shaped seeds.

Known seeding device of the selection seeder [2], containing a loading hopper, a vacuum source and a seeding element made in the form of a hollow cylinder having a rotary drive and suction holes on both end sides and its cavity communicated with the vacuum source. The device has a control unit, which alternately activates one of the sides of the seeding element for supplying seeds of different selection crops sown in one row.

The disadvantage of this device is that its use is limited to sowing seeds in breeding plots.

Known pneumatic sowing device [3-prototype], containing a stationary hollow pin with holes for air suction and a branch pipe for connection with a vacuum source, a vacuum drum with holes in the end wall for sucking the outside of the seeds, mounted on the pin with the possibility of rotation, a hopper for seed supply adjoining the outside to the drum in the seed loading zone, a vacuum cutter made in the form of a roller made of elastic material, fixed on the journal with a spring plate, which presses it to the suction holes on the inner side of the drum opposite the seed discharge zone.

The disadvantage of the known sowing device is the low quality of work due to the fact that the seeds are poorly retained on the plane of the end wall, especially seeds of a curved shape.

Known pneumatic sowing device [4], consisting of a drum with nipples for sucking the seeds of the sown crop, a seed box, a blowing nozzle, an air duct for supplying compressed air and a suction air duct.

The disadvantage of this sowing device is the low quality of the technological process of sowing seeds.

The problem solved by the proposed utility model is to develop a device that ensures high-quality sowing of agricultural seeds. The technical result from solving the problem is to implement the possibility of high-quality suction of seeds by a vacuum drum and their separation in the dumping zone.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a pneumatic sowing device containing a stationary hollow pin with a branch pipe for connection to a vacuum source, a vacuum drum mounted on it with the possibility of rotation, equipped with suction nipples, a seed hopper, a vacuum cutter and a drive, is characterized in that each suction nipple is fixed on the end wall of the vacuum drum with the possibility of its displacement relative to the hole in this wall, and the vacuum is cut off by rotating the suction nipple around the additional axis on which it is fixed.

The fastening of the nipples on the end wall of the vacuum drum ensures high-quality suction of the sown seeds, including curved seeds. Cutting off the vacuum by rotating the suction nipple around the additional axis on which it is fixed eliminates air suction through the nipple in the seed discharge area and ensures uniform seeding of seeds.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a pneumatic sowing device, view of the sowing drum from the side of the end wall; fig. 2 - the same, in section A-A in Fig. 1; fig. 3 - fragment B in Fig. 2 .; fig. 4 - sequential position of the nipple lever in the seed ejection zone.

The pneumatic sowing device contains a hopper 1 for seeds, a stationary hollow pin 2 with a branch pipe 3 for connection to a vacuum source (not shown), a vacuum drum 4 mounted on it with the ability to rotate, equipped on the end wall 5 with suction nipples 6. Each suction nipple 6 is fixed on the end wall 5 of the vacuum drum 4 by means of the axis 7, offset from the centers of the holes 8 in the end wall 5. In addition, each nipple 6 is equipped with a wing 9 to close the hole 8 when the nipple is turned on the axis 7. Inside the vacuum drum 4, a disc 10 is fixed on the hollow pin 2 with a shell 11 provided in the seed ejection zone with a window 12. In the same zone there is a stop 13, which is fixedly connected to the disk 10. The axis 7 is rigidly fixed in one edge in the nipple 6, and on its other edge a two-armed lever 14 is mounted. 14 is bent in the direction of rotation of the vacuum drum 4, and with its edge rests on the shell 11, and the shoulder 16 is directed radially and in its path The stop 13 is located. The vacuum drum 4 has a drive 17.

The device works as follows.

When the vacuum drum 4 rotates, the sown seeds from the hopper 1 are captured by the suction nipples 6 and are transported one at a time to the place of unloading the seeds. In this case, the two-armed lever 14, resting on the bent arm 15 on the shell 11, holds the suction nipple 6 opposite the hole 8 in the end wall 5. The seeds are unloaded in the lower part of the device by running the arm 16 of the lever 14 onto the fixed stop 13. At this moment, the bent arm 15 is located opposite the window 12 of the shell 11 and the lever 14 freely turns the nipple 6 until the vacuum in it is completely cut off. In this case, the hole 8 in the end wall 5 of the vacuum drum 4 is blocked by the wing 9 of the suction nipple 6, and the shoulder 15 of the lever 14 enters the window 12. Subsequently, this shoulder runs over the edge 18 of the shell 11 and returns the nipple 6 to its original position opposite the hole 8. Tightness at the junction between the nipple 6 and the end wall 5 of the vacuum drum 4 is achieved by high-quality processing of the adjacent surfaces and the difference in pressure outside and inside the drum 4.

The efficiency of the pneumatic sowing device is achieved by a significant increase in the quality of sowing seeds of agricultural crops.

Sources of information:

1. Patent RU 117252 А01С 7/04. Pneumatic sowing device of drum type "PVABT-01". Publ. 27.06.2012. Bul. No. 18.

2. Patent SU 1808236 А01С 7/04. Seeding device of the selection seeder. Publ. 04/15/1993. Bul. No. 14.

3. Khizhnyak, V.I. Design and calculation of row-crop seeders: textbook on course and diploma design / V.I. Khizhnyak, A. Yu. Nesmiyan, F.V. Avramenko. - Zernograd: Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute FGBU VPO DGAU, 2015. - 114 p.

4.A.S. USSR No. 161983 А01С 45/00. Pneumatic sowing device. Publ. 04/01/1964. Bul. No. 8.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic seeding device containing a stationary hollow pin with a branch pipe for connection to a vacuum source, a vacuum drum mounted on it with the possibility of rotation, equipped with suction nipples, a seed hopper, a vacuum cutter and a drive, characterized in that each suction nipple is fixed on the end wall of the vacuum drum with the possibility of its displacement relative to the hole in this wall, and the vacuum is cut off by rotating the suction nipple around the additional axis on which it is fixed.

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