RU2279934C1 - Method and line for comprehensive treatment of waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: disposal of solid waste.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises feeding waste to the receiving-transporting device, classifying the waste into sizes to provide four flows, disinfecting, and washing.

EFFECT: enhanced quality of disposing.

8 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the sorting and processing of mixed waste, including municipal solid waste (MSW), construction waste (SM), industrial waste (PO).

There is an anhydrous method for processing solid waste and SM and a line for implementing this method. The method and line include feeding the starting material, primary sorting by size, during which large fragments are separated using a protective mesh and removed for grinding and development, and the main sorting for recyclable components, most of the MSW and SM sifted through the mesh cells, is subjected surface treatment by the drip method using a disinfecting solution, then sorted into at least 12 recyclable components, which are selectively separated using aggregates, installed along the direction of the sorting conveyor, such as needle drums with an offset shaft for selecting light fractions, a transverse electromagnetic conveyor for collecting large fragments of ferrous metals from the main sorting conveyor, magnetic drums for collecting small fragments of ferrous metals from side auxiliary conveyors, induction traps for selection non-ferrous metals. (see Pat. RU 2176566, Cl. B 07 V 9/00; publ. 10.12.2001).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the drip method of disinfection of waste does not ensure the processing of the deep layers of the entire mass of waste, as a result of which the sand-and-sand mixture obtained at the outlet was suitable only for lawn lands and land reclamation and was unsuitable for agricultural lands. The closest technical solution to the proposed is a method and device for processing waste. The method consists of at least the following operations: rough excision of incoming waste, separation of heavy non-standard waste in the aquatic environment and removal of non-standard waste for further processing, crushing of conditioned waste after separation of heavy non-standard waste and transportation of ground materials and liquid to the pulper, liquefying these materials in the pulper with constant, at least periodic grinding, separation of the suspension, completely processed in the pulper, into various fractions and trans sorting and further processing of the obtained fractions.

A device for implementing the method comprises a dissecting device, a separator of heavy substandard waste, crushers, pulper for dissolving the material, a device for separating the suspension and means for removing and processing the obtained fractions. The invention allows to achieve more efficient waste processing, as well as to remove most of the heavy components from the process at an early stage, without the formation of structures like cables from thread-like components. (See Pat. RU No. 2179070, MKI B 02 C 23/14, publ. 02/10/2002).

The disadvantages of this technical solution include the following factors.

A known method of processing waste relates to the processing of fairly homogeneous, initially already sorted waste and is aimed at the release of fibers from complex materials with the prevention of their twisting into bundles.

For complex processing of mixed wastes, including primary sorting by size, this method is unsuitable at the first stage because of the problematic nature of the so-called "rough excision of incoming waste." Different groups of materials in mixed waste require a different approach to grinding. For example, if you try to grind solid waste at the first stage, the glass will be broken and, accordingly, it will not be possible to isolate it in the future. The way to solve this problem is to divide solid waste into homogeneous groups of materials. Therefore, in our processing method, all waste is “conditioned” and must be disposed of down to the smallest particles.

According to claim 6, the well-known technical solution: heating the waste materials in any part of the technology will further enhance odors. In the proposed method, odors are eliminated at the initial stage by installing powerful supply and exhaust ventilation, a deodorization and disinfection system, as well as in washing drums due to disinfecting solutions, odors are eliminated altogether. By eliminating the “heating operation” of materials, we thereby save most of the energy and thereby obtain a reduced cost of production.

In the prototype under consideration, substandard waste constitutes the majority, one of the products at the outlet is pellets for burning, after which there will again be waste that must be disposed of again, moreover, the burning of pellets requires the establishment of environmental protection. Our proposed method relates to material-saving, is aimed at obtaining raw materials for the manufacture of various products and has no combustion.

In addition, the known method does not set itself the task of disinfecting and deworming waste with ultimately obtaining soil-restoring fertilizers and a mixture of hydroxides of "heavy metals" coming in for processing.

Accordingly, in the device part, the main subject of the invention in the prototype processing line is a grinding pump according to claim 10 of the formula. We have the entire layout of the line and some other devices and tools, which will be discussed below.

The proposed method and line for its implementation are aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages. The technical result of the invention is as follows: the ability to conduct a comprehensive primary sorting by size with the disposal of all components of the mixed waste, including the fine fraction, with the final separation from it of the organic part, converted into organic fertilizer, and a mixture of hydroxides "heavy metals "Sent for processing.

The solution of the technical problems is achieved as follows. A method for processing mixed wastes involves separating wastes into various fractions, passing them through several processing operations, carrying out the separation of wastes in an aqueous medium, transporting the crushed wastes together with the liquid to the pulp former, dissolving these materials there, separating the pulp into different fractions, disposing of the obtained fractions.

According to the invention, a batch of mixed waste is fed in batches to a receiving and transmitting device, then during the preliminary sorting, a batch of mixed waste is divided into four streams in size and separator, then part of the waste from the first stream after secondary sorting, as well as waste from the second and third the stream is washed, disinfected, dewormed in washing drums, and the waste from the fourth stream after separation of ferrous and non-ferrous metals from them is sent to the unit for processing washes and waste, where they also manage all liquid washes with the wastes dissolved in them and where small fractions of wastes and washes are grinded and fed to a pulp former, in which they are successively treated with reagents to break down fats and to convert heavy metals into soluble compounds, the mineral part is first extracted from the pulp , then the remaining part is treated with a powerful electromagnetic field, then the activated pulp is treated with a coagulant in order to intensively precipitate the organic part, which after dehydration living materials are mixed with various additives and granulated in order to obtain complex organic fertilizers, and reagents are added to the remaining solution in order to obtain two products at the output: a mixture of “heavy metals” hydroxides, which are accumulated before the industrial batch for processing, and purified water suitable for new cycle entering the water cycle.

The separation of mixed waste in the presented method into four streams allows you to fully extract useful components from them in an accelerated mode, which increases the productivity of the entire line. The method allows you to process up to 100% of mixed waste, connecting to them the flushes of the liquid formed after washing vehicles, unloading sites, etc., and isolating useful components from them, which eliminates the need for landfills and the burning of some components of the waste.

From the organic part of the waste, the method allows to obtain complex organic fertilizers that are environmentally friendly and soil-restoring due to complete disinfection, removal of all kinds of heavy metal compounds and the destruction of fats. Disinfection and deworming of mixed wastes is carried out in washing drums and in process activation apparatuses, where as a result of treatment with a powerful electromagnetic field with the passage of the so-called pH jump, pathogenic microflora and helminths are completely eliminated.

The mixed waste processing line includes several processing devices for separating waste into various fractions, grinding devices, pulp former, devices for separating the suspension processed in the pulverizer into various fractions and means for removing and further processing the obtained fractions.

According to the invention, the line is equipped with a receiving and transmitting device configured to supply a batch of waste in metered portions, a separator divider that divides the batch of waste into four streams depending on size, with washing drums partially immersed in a liquid containing disinfection and deworming agents, a processing unit washings and wastes, devices for separating the mineral part from the suspension, an apparatus for activating processes, hydrocyclones for the deposition of the organic part of the waste and hydro iklonami to precipitate heavy metals, dehydrator, a mixer and a granulator.

In addition, the line is equipped with sensors for express analysis. In the line also, the process activation apparatus is made in the form of an electromechanical device that creates a powerful rotating magnetic field, where the pH reaches a maximum in the range of 9-12 units.

Figure 1 presents the technological scheme of the processing line for mixed waste.

Figure 2 - transmitting and receiving device.

Figure 3 - receiving platform for washing vehicles after unloading.

Figure 4 - part of the technological scheme, including the separator-divider flow.

Figure 5 - section of the line with devices for washing wastes in the aquatic environment.

Figure 6 - part of the block processing washes and waste.

The complex mixed waste processing line contains a receiving and transmitting device (hereinafter referred to as PPU) 1, which is located in an enclosed room equipped with powerful supply and exhaust ventilation and a beam crane to remove especially bulky waste and supply it to the place of dismantling or grinding outside the premises .

The transmitting and receiving device 1 consists of unloading platforms 2 in an amount of from six to ten pieces with hydraulic lifting devices 3 and devices 4 for the dosed supply of waste to the feed conveyor 5 (figure 2). The device 4 is made in the form of parallel rows of the comb 6 and is installed perpendicular to each platform 2 in the idle position. In working position, i.e. while pressing the batch of waste, the rows of comb 6 are located across each platform 2 to prevent damage to the conveyor 5 during unloading of waste.

The line also includes receiving platforms (Fig. 3) for washing and disinfecting vehicles after unloading, equipped with a channel system and concrete pit 7 for collecting liquid wash-out after washing.

Sensors 8 of gas analyzers and sensors 9 for measuring the background radiation, designed for express analysis during waste unloading with the purpose of identifying and localizing hazardous waste, are installed along the circuit of the PUF 1 and between the receiving sites for washing.

The feed conveyor 5 is interconnected with a separator-divider 10, designed to separate the size of the batch of waste into four streams:

Stream I - large fractions: wood (branches, branches, fragments of construction debris (SM), particleboard, fiberboard, polymeric materials (mainly film), bags, cardboard, textiles and a small part of small fragments that, after sorting, fall into stream II.

On average, stream I is about 30% of the total waste.

Stream II — medium fragments with dimensions of about 30 × 20 × 20 cm — these are metals, shoes, waste paper (books, magazines), small textiles, polymeric materials, bone, stone, faience, and cullet; on average - about 30%.

Stream III - similar to stream II, but the waste fragments are about 15 × 10 × 10 cm in size with the addition of food waste, foliage, and electronics. Stream III is about 25%.

Stream IV - a small fraction of waste: up to 1 cm in diameter. These are mainly: sand, clay, small pebbles, as well as nails, paper clips, buttons. This stream makes up about 15% of all waste, its sorting is fully mechanized and is carried out only on ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Stream I corresponds to a sorting conveyor 11, installed immediately after the separator-divider 10 and separating the waste into the following components: wood, chipboard, fiberboard, plastic film, polypropylene (mainly bags), textile materials, waste paper (mainly cardboard). The rest is returned via conveyors 12, 13 (FIG. 4) to stream II.

Flows II and III correspond to the following chain of transporting and processing devices: conveyors 14, 15, a washing drum 16 partially immersed in a bath 17 with liquid, which in addition to water contains a disinfectant solution and a deworming agent. Following the bath 17, a conveyor 18, a ferrous metal separator 19 made in the form of a conveyor with magnetic shafts, a non-ferrous metal separator 20 made in the form of a high-speed conveyor, a sorting conveyor 21 with ten jobs, a conveyor 22, a chopper 23 are installed in series. positions 14 to 21, similarly duplicate each other both in the second and in the third stream, and the conveyor 22 and the chopper 23 exist in one instance and combine both streams.

Stream IV according to the technological scheme of the line does not have manual sorting and, therefore, its sorting conveyor. Immediately after the separator-divider 10 in the direction of flow IV, a conveyor 24, a ferrous metal separator 25 and a non-ferrous metal separator 26 are installed, and after them - a processing unit 27, where the residual waste from all streams comes after sorting.

Processing unit 27 consists of roller grinders 28, 29, a multi-stage rotary grinder 30 connected by a pipe 31 to a grinder 28, and also connected by a pipe 32 with a pulp former 33.

Processing unit 27 also includes a device 34 for separating the mineral part of the waste, the so-called sand trap, a battery of process activation apparatus 35 (hereinafter AAP). Each AARP 35 is an electromechanical device for creating a powerful rotating magnetic field.

Further, during processing, block 27 contains hydrocyclones 36 for precipitation of the organic part, hydrocyclones 37 for precipitation of heavy metals, dehydrator 38, mixer 39 and granulator 40.

The line in accordance with the claimed method of complex processing of mixed waste is as follows.

Waste vehicles transport first arrives at the weighing platform, where they weigh and fix the consignment of waste delivered to feed conveyor 5. After the weighing transport with waste, it enters through the louvre gate into an enclosed space with PUF 1, where express analysis is performed using sensors 8 and 9 the party received, so that in case of detection of hazardous waste, determine by the number of vehicles the place from where they were delivered, and if necessary call the Ministry of Emergencies, SES and the military commissariat.

Safe waste is discharged to the platforms 2 of the PUF 1, the combs 6 of the device 4 are lowered into the working position to squeeze the waste, then the platforms 2 are brought to the inclined position 2 for dropping the waste in metered portions to the feed conveyor 5, which directs them to the separator-divider 10 of the stream .

After unloading, the vehicles are put on one of the sites 2, free of waste, where they wash and disinfect the vehicles and send them on a clean flight. After each unloading, the receiving platforms 2 and the space under them are also washed. Washing off the liquid with the dissolved waste formed after washing is fed through the channel system to the concrete pit 7, from where it is directed by a special pump to the sewage treatment system and then to the waste processing unit 27.

The separator divider 10 divides the waste into four streams operating in different directions, which increases the range of productivity of the entire line from 5 to 50 kg / s.

Large fragments of stream I enter the sorting conveyor 11, where they are divided into the six above components. The remainder with a smaller fraction is fed by transporters 12, 13 into the flow II corresponding to it in size.

Waste from stream II is fed by conveyors 14, 15 to the washing drum 17, where they are washed, disinfected and destroyed helminth eggs. Washed and disinfected wastes, large fractions of streams II are fed to a ferrous metal separator 19, where iron and iron-containing fragments are separated from the wastes and sent for briquetting.

Further, the waste goes to a non-ferrous metal separator 20, where non-ferrous metals are separated: aluminum, copper and others, which after re-sorting are sent for remelting. And only after that the waste arrives at sorting conveyor 21 with ten jobs, where the waste is sorted into ten fractions: LDPE, HDPE, cullet, PET bottle, bone, shoes, textiles, plastics, wood, rubber, waste paper (in the form of books and magazines). Each of these fractions is sent for appropriate disposal. The eleventh remaining fraction: stones, brick, earthenware, concrete fragments - is conveyed by conveyor 22 to a grinder 23, where this waste is crushed to a size of less than 1 mm and used as a filler of wall materials (blocks, brick, etc.).

Stream III has a similar process chain, at the end of which the remaining part of the waste from its sorting conveyor 21 also goes to the conveyor 22 and to the grinder 23.

A small fraction of the waste from stream IV, the so-called screening, enters through the conveyor 24 to the separator 25 of ferrous metals, then to the separator 26 of non-ferrous metals and then to the processing unit of 27 washes and wastes. Dissolved wastes, which were formed in liquid washes after washing drums, washing vehicles and receiving areas, and household waste, also come here.

All washings are pumped to the inlet comb of the roller mill 28, where solid waste particles are ground to 1 mm or less. A small fraction of the waste from stream IV is fed to a roller mill 29, where it is also crushed to 1 mm or less and then fed to a multi-stage rotary mill 30, where flushes with ground particles also enter through the pipe 31, where they are crushed.

After that, the resulting mixture is fed through a pipe 32 to the pulp former 33, where the first reagent is fed by the dispenser and the mixture is thoroughly mixed. To obtain a certain consistency, water is additionally supplied to the pulp former. Using the first reagent, saponification of fats is performed. Then, a second reagent, necessary for the transition of metals to soluble compounds, is supplied to the pulp former. It turns out a fine mechanical mixture of the smallest organic particles with a solution of compounds of "heavy metals", ie pulp.

The resulting pulp is fed further after the separation of the mineral part from it in the device 34 into the battery of the process activation apparatus 35. There, the pulp is activated under the influence of an electromagnetic field. In AAP 35, the pH value can reach a maximum in the range of 9-12 units, passing the so-called pH jump, which finally destroys helminth eggs and disinfects the pulp, which is then fed to hydrocyclone 36, where it is exposed to a specific coagulant to precipitate the organic component of the waste. Then the pulp is fed into the hydrocyclone 37, where the following reagent is added to it for the deposition of "heavy metals" in the form of insoluble hydroxides, which are accumulated before the industrial party for processing. Thus, the water is purified and goes back into circulation.

The organic part of the waste after treatment in dehydrator 38 passes through mixer 39 to granulator 40, where granules of organic fertilizer with the industrial name "SEDAN-AGRO-M" are manufactured.

The division of the mixed waste into four streams and three sorting conveyors allows you to completely extract useful components from the waste mixture.

Waste washing, protective screen, non-contact sorting method, sedentary workplaces in compliance with all ergonomic standards, air conditioning create comfortable conditions for sorters.

The water used is completely purified and reused in the process, i.e. it is used in a closed cycle with recharge for natural decline in the amount of 5-7% of the total water volume.

This process has no waste, respectively, and has no need for landfills.

Claims (8)

1. A method of complex processing of mixed waste, in which the waste is divided into different fractions, passed through several processing operations, the waste is separated in an aqueous medium, the ground waste is transported together with the liquid to the pulp former, these materials are dissolved there, the suspension is divided into various fractions, utilized fractions obtained, characterized in that a batch of mixed waste is fed in metered portions to a receiving and transmitting device, then during a preliminary sorting a batch of mixed waste is divided by size in a separator-divider into four streams, then part of the waste from the first stream after secondary sorting, as well as the waste from the second and third streams are washed, disinfected, dewormed in washing drums, and the waste from the fourth stream after separation of black and non-ferrous metals are sent to the unit for the treatment of washes and wastes, where all washes of the liquid with the wastes dissolved in them are sent, and where small fractions of wastes and washes are grinded and fed to the pulp former, in which their they are treated thoroughly with reagents to break down fats and convert heavy metals into soluble compounds, the mineral part is first isolated from the resulting pulp, then the remaining part is treated with a powerful electromagnetic field, then the activated pulp is treated with a coagulant to intensively precipitate the organic part, which is mixed with various additives and granulate in order to obtain complex organic fertilizers, and reagents are added to the remaining solution in order to obtain two output products: a mixture of hydroxides of "heavy metals" that are accumulated before the industrial batch for processing, and purified water suitable for a new cycle entering the water circulation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the reception of a batch of mixed waste conduct their express analysis in order to identify and localize hazardous waste. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the four streams at the outlet of the separator-divider are divided into the first stream, which receives large and long waste, the second and third streams are sent medium-sized waste, and the fourth stream is small waste. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pH of the pulp is set with the possibility of reaching a maximum in the range of 9-12 units. 5. The line for the complex processing of mixed waste, including several processing devices for separating waste into various fractions, grinding devices, pulp former, devices for separating pulp into various fractions and means for removing and further processing the obtained fractions, characterized in that the line is equipped with a transmitter-receiver unit a device made with the possibility of feeding a batch of waste in metered portions, a separator divider that divides the batch of waste in size into four streams, washing them with drums partially immersed in a liquid containing means for disinfection and deworming, a unit for processing washes and wastes, devices for separating from pulp treated in a pulp former, a mineral part, process activation apparatuses, hydrocyclones for precipitation of the organic part of the waste, and hydrocyclones for precipitation of heavy metals , dehydrator, mixer and granulator. 6. The line according to claim 5, characterized in that the transmitting and receiving device is equipped with sensors for express analysis. 7. The line according to claim 5, characterized in that the process activation apparatus is made in the form of an electromechanical device that creates a powerful rotating magnetic field, where the pH value reaches a maximum in the range of 9-12 units. 8. The line according to claim 5, characterized in that the washer and waste processing unit includes a roller mill with an inlet comb for waste dissolved in the washers, a roller mill for dry waste, a multi-stage rotary mill, connected by pipelines to the first roller mill and to the pulp former.

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