RU2267905C1 - Apparatus for wiping of grass seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for wiping and cleaning seeds of perennial grass and other crops.

SUBSTANCE: material to be treated is charged into wiping device. Rotating drum grasps material by means of whips to provide wiping thereof by moving over wiping surface. Wiped seeds with impurities are fed through discharge window and material guide, and further via feeding device to aspiration channel. Light particles are entrained by air flow generated by means of fan blades and drawn into channels defined between fan blades, while cleaned seeds are discharged by gravity from aspiration channel into receiver. Large-sized impurities are discharged from fan blades into settling chamber. Small-sized particles are delivered through used air exit branch pipe.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in cleaning of wiped seeds from impurities.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to devices for wiping and cleaning seeds of perennial herbs and other crops.

A grater device containing a grater surface and a rotating drum with whips fixed on it is known (Anelyak M.M., Shidlovsky Yu.M. Experimental studies of the axial-tangential grater device of the beat type // Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture: Republican Interdepartmental Scientific and Technical Collection . - Kiev, 1986, issue 64. - S.29-32).

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of separation of the rubbed heap into fractions - wiped seeds and light impurities.

The task of separating the heap into fractions is solved in a device for wiping grass seeds, including a housing, loading mechanisms, a grater surface, an unloading window, an aspiration channel, a sedimentation chamber equipped with a device for removing precipitated impurities, a pipe for exhaust air discharge with a throttle valve installed in it, rotating a drum closed from the ends by solid disks, open on the sides for air passage and containing pests, fixed at their ends on the cylindrical surface of the disks and equipped with with scoop blades directed to the center of rotation of the drum with the formation of channels between them, through which the pipe for air exhaust communicates with the suction channel and sedimentation chamber (RF patent No. 2215398, IPC 7 A 01 F 11/04).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low efficiency of cleaning wiped seeds from light impurities, due to the high speed of input of material into the suction channel.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of cleaning wiped seeds from light impurities.

The problem is solved using the proposed device for wiping grass seeds, including a housing, loading mechanisms, a grater surface, an unloading window, an aspiration channel, a sedimentation chamber equipped with a device for removing precipitated impurities, a pipe for exhaust air with a throttle valve installed in it, a rotating drum closed from the ends by solid disks, open on the sides for air passage and containing pests, fixed at their ends on the cylindrical surface of the disks and equipped with fan blades directed to the center of rotation of the drum with the formation of channels between them through which the pipe for exhaust air is in communication with the suction channel and the sedimentation chamber, and it is additionally equipped with a device for introducing material into the suction channel and a flow shutter forming a material conduit with the housing, the inlet edge of the flow shutoff is installed at an angular distance of 20 ... 30 ° from the outlet edge of the grater surface and forms an unloading window with it.

Improving the efficiency of cleaning wiped seeds from light impurities is achieved due to optimal conditions for their entry (speed and angle of entry) into the suction channel.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device for wiping grass seeds, figure 2 is a structural diagram of a drum.

The device comprises a grater surface 1 with a feeder 2, a rotating drum 3 with pests 4 fixed on it, on which fan blades 5 are installed, forming channels 6 between each other, a noria 7 with a receiving hopper 8, equipped with a shutter 9, a cutter 10, a housing 11, unloading window 12, material pipe 13, suction channel 14, material input device 15, sedimentation chamber 16, equipped with a device for outputting deposited impurities 17, receivers 18 and 19 of cleaned seeds and light impurities, pipe 20 for exhaust air with installed in it throttle 21.

The rotating drum 3 consists of a shaft 22 (Fig. 2), two solid disks 23 fixed to it, to which the whips 4 are fixed with their ends with fan blades 5 directed to the center of rotation of the drum 3. The whips 4 can be fixed on the cylindrical surface of the disks 23 or between them, and the working surface of the pests 4 extends beyond the cylindrical surface of the disks 23. The pests can be made of metal, rubber and other strong and wear-resistant materials, and in shape they can be flat, shaped, smooth or corrugated. The fan blades 5 are installed with the formation of interscapular channels 6 directed radially or with a deviation from the radial position in the direction of rotation of the drum 3 or against it, depending on the required air flow and the degree of purification of the exhaust air.

The pipe 20 for exhaust air through interscapular channels 6 is in communication with the suction channel 14 and the sediment chamber 16, which are located between the material pipe 13 and the pipe 20.

The input edge of the flow cutter 10 is installed at an angular distance of 20 ... 30 ° from the output edge of the grater surface 1 and forms an unloading window 12. The cutter 10 is made in the form of a rectilinear or curved plate mounted tangentially to the outer circumference of the drum 3 with a gap and located at some distance from the housing 11, forming a material pipe 13.

The device 15 of the input material is located in the lower part of the material pipe 13 and can be made in the form of a feed (paddle) roller or other sealed device that provides the required speed (V ₀ = 0.3 ... 1.0 m / s) and angle (α ₀ = 0 ... ± 10 °) input of material into the suction channel 14.

The device operates as follows.

The processed material (for example, clover pyzhin) is poured into the receiving hopper 8, open the shutter 9. Noria feeds the material into the feeder 2, which loads it into the grate device. A rotating drum 3 by pests 4 captures the material and moves along the grater surface 1. The normal pressure in the compressed layer of the material and the friction forces that arise during this process ensure its grinding. Wiped seeds and particles of impurities through the discharge window 12, the material pipe 13 enters the feed device 15, which are fed into the suction channel 14 at an optimal speed and at a certain angle. Under the influence of the air flow created by the fan blades 5 in combination with the grater surface 1, the discharge window 12, the pipe 20 for exhaust air exhaust, light particles are carried into the interscapular channels 6, and the cleaned seeds are removed from the suction channel 14 to the receiver 18 (exit I). When the fan blades 5 interact with impurity particles, in addition to aerodynamic force, they are affected by centrifugal force, which is predominant for dense particles. As a result, the most dense and coarse impurities leave the fan blades in the sedimentation chamber 16, are deposited in it and the device 17 are output to the receiver 19 (output II).

The air stream with fine dust particles passes through the channels 6, first in the centripetal direction, and then in the centrifugal direction and enters the pipe 20 to exhaust the exhaust air. If necessary, the air removed from the pneumatic system can be further cleaned, for example, in a cyclone, fabric filter or other dust collecting device. The air velocity in the suction channel, necessary to remove light impurities, is regulated by the throttle 21. The rotating drum 3 can be made with a through shaft 22 or not have it inside.

Due to the presence of a cutter 10, which forms a material conduit 13 with the housing 11, and the location of its input edge at an angular distance of 20 ... 30 ° from the output edge of the grater surface 1, the wiped seeds and impurity particles are fed into the suction channel 14 with an optimal speed using the input device 15 and direction of movement (angle). Due to this, the technical result of the invention is achieved - increasing the efficiency of cleaning wiped seeds from light impurities.

Claims (1)

A device for wiping grass seeds, including a housing, loading mechanisms, a grater surface, an unloading window, an aspiration channel, a sedimentation chamber equipped with a device for removing precipitated impurities, a pipe for exhaust air with a throttle valve installed in it, a rotating drum closed with solid disks at the ends , open on the sides for air passage and containing pests, fixed with their ends on the cylindrical surface of the disks and equipped with fan blades directed to the center ru rotation of the drum with the formation of channels between them through which the pipe for exhaust air is in communication with the suction channel and the sedimentation chamber, characterized in that it is further equipped with a device for introducing material into the suction channel and a flow shutter forming a material conduit with the housing, while the input edge of the flow shutter installed at an angular distance of 20 ... 30 ° from the output edge of the grater surface and forms an unloading window with it.

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