RU2267081C2 - Method for smelting of explosives from ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: stripping of ammunition charged with meltable explosives designed for salvaging or repair.

SUBSTANCE: the method consists in placement of ammunition in a bath with a hot liquid heat-transfer agent with a temperature exceeding the smelting point of the explosive, smelting of the explosive and pouring of it from the bath, a turbulent flow of the heat-transfer agent around the bodies of the ammunition is produced, or part of the heat-transfer agent, simultaneously with flowing around, is fed to the ammunition body. Aqueous solutions of metal salts are used as the heat-transfer agent. Pouring out of the explosive is carried out under the layer of the aqueous solution of metal salts.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and safety of the smelting process.

5 cl, 3 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to methods for the demilitarization of warheads of ammunition containing fusible explosives (EXPLOSIVES) or drafts of explosives mounted in the chamber of the munition on a fuse-holder, is intended to extract fusible explosives (EXPLOSIVES) from the shells of ammunition and can be used in the repair or disposal of ammunition.

The known method [1], including the preparation of ammunition for discharging, loading into a heating device, the smelting of explosives with hot air heated to 130 ° C.

The disadvantage of this method is low productivity, high energy consumption due to the small coefficient of heat transfer of the gaseous medium to the shell of the munition, incomplete cleaning of the munition from the remnants of explosives, due to the remnants of a thin film of explosives on the walls of the munition after smelting.

The known method [2], taken by us as a prototype, which includes preparing ammunition for stocking, loading into a bath of hot water, melting explosives, extracting molten TNT from the bath.

The disadvantage of this method is the high energy consumption due to the small coefficient of heat transfer from water to the shell of the munition and the noticeable solubility of explosives in hot water, which increases the danger of the process of demarcation of ammunition and requires a complex water treatment system. In addition, TNT vapors, which are highly hazardous substances of the 2nd class of danger to human health according to GOST 12.1.005-88 and GOST 12.1.007-76, fall into the air of industrial premises where smelting is performed.

The objective of the present invention is to intensify the processes of smelting explosives, increase productivity, reduce energy costs and increase the safety of the method of unloading ammunition.

The problem is solved in that in the method of munition ordnance deposition by smelting explosives to increase the heat transfer coefficient in the bath, a turbulent coolant flow is created in the bath, aqueous solutions of metal salts are used as the coolant, and the coolant is exposed to ammunition by flowing around the ammunition shell around the turbulent coolant flow, or simultaneously with the flow, it is fed into the shell of the ammunition. Optimal for effective heat transfer and high productivity of the smelting process are the corridor or staggered layout of ammunition in the bath with the smallest distance between them of 0.3 diameter of the warhead. The molten explosive from the bath through a heated tap is discharged into a receiving tank under a layer of an aqueous solution of salts.

The use of the effect of turbulent flow on ammunition allows a 5-10-fold increase in the rate of heat transfer from the coolant to the ammunition and, accordingly, a 5-10-fold reduction in the melting time of explosives.

The use of aqueous solutions of metal salts (aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium nitrate and others) allows you to further increase the heat transfer coefficient from the coolant to the ammunition due to the large density and thermal conductivity compared to water. In addition, aqueous solutions of metal salts, which are strong electrolytes, reduce the formation of suspensions and the solubility of explosives in water.

The use of the simultaneous effect of the coolant flow on the shell of the munition and the explosive explosive charge inside the shell dramatically increases the intensity of the explosive smelting and reduces the specific energy consumption for the discharge.

The discharge of molten explosives into a receiving tank under a layer of an aqueous solution of salts and its crystallization there excludes the possibility of explosives vapor entering the air of industrial premises.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which presents a diagram of the implementation of the proposed method for smelting explosives from ammunition. Arrows indicate the direction of flow in the smelting bath.

Example 1

Figure 1 shows a scheme for the smelting of TNT in a stream of hot coolant by heating through an ammunition body. Ammunition 1 of small and medium caliber, equipped with TNT and opened by unscrewing the fuses, is placed in a checkerboard or corridor order with the fuse hole facing down into the smelting bath 2 with an aqueous solution of salts 3 with a concentration of 5-25 wt. Heated to a temperature of 90-100 ° C. %

The mixing device 4 is turned on, creating a turbulent stream of the aqueous solution in the bath at a speed of at least 0.1 m / s. The lattice 5 separates the melted TNT 6 from the coolant flow and prevents the formation of a suspension of TNT drops in an aqueous solution. After all TNT is smelted from the ammunition, the mixing device is turned off. The molten TNT through a heated valve 7 is discharged into a receiving tank under a layer of an aqueous solution of salts heated to a temperature of 80-90 ° C and in this form is sent for further processing. Empty ammunition shells are removed from the bath and the cycle repeats.

Example 2

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the melting of TNT in the flow of hot coolant by heating through the shell of the munition while washing it out of the shell.

Ammunition 1 medium and large calibers, equipped with TNT and opened by unscrewing the fuses, are placed in a checkerboard or corridor order with the fuse hole down, coaxially with nozzles 8, in smelting bath 2 with an aqueous solution of salts 3 with a concentration of 5, heated to a temperature of 90-100 ° C, with concentration 5 -25 wt.%. The mixing device 4 is turned on, creating a turbulent stream of an aqueous solution in the bath at a speed of at least 0.1 m / s and feeding the same solution through nozzles 8 into the ammunition shells at a pressure of 0.4-1.0 MPa. The lattice 5 separates the melted TNT 6 from the coolant flow and prevents the formation of a suspension of TNT drops in an aqueous solution. After all TNT is smelted from the ammunition, the mixing device is turned off. The molten TNT through a heated valve 7 is discharged into a receiving tank under a layer of an aqueous salt solution heated to a temperature of 80-90 ° C, and sent for further processing. Empty ammunition shells are removed from the bath and the cycle repeats.

Example 3

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the smelting of explosive drafts in a stream of hot coolant by heating through the shell of the munition.

Ammunition 1, equipped with explosive checkers on the fuse-holder 9 and opened by unscrewing the fuses, is placed in a checkerboard or corridor order with the equipment hole down into the smelting bath 2 with a checker receiver 10 installed at its bottom and heated with an aqueous salt solution to a temperature of 90-100 ° C 3 with a concentration of 5-25 wt.%. The lattice 5 separates the melted pieces 9 from the coolant flow and prevents the formation of suspended particles of explosive particles in an aqueous solution. The mixing device 3 is turned on, creating a turbulent stream of the aqueous solution in the bath at a speed of at least 0.1 m / s. After all the pieces have fallen out of the ammunition, the mixing device is turned off. Empty ammunition shells are removed from the bath. The checkers receiver is removed from the bath, unloaded from the checkers and the cycle repeats.

Sources of information

1. The patent of Germany No. 1678212, cl. From 06 V to 21/00.

2. Unloading and disposal of aircraft weapons of the type S-8, C-5, PTAB-2, 5, FAB -250. Sat "Integrated Utilization of Conventional Ammunition", 1 Russian Scientific and Technical Conference., M.: TSNIINTIKPK, 1995, p. 57.

Claims (5)

1. The method of smelting explosives from the shell of the munition, including placing it in a bath with hot liquid coolant with a temperature above the melting point of the explosive, melting the explosive and draining it from the bath, characterized in that to increase the efficiency and safety of the process of smelting in the bath create a turbulent coolant flow, water solutions of metal salts are used as a coolant, the coolant is affected by ammunition by flowing around a turbulent heat flow ositelya ammunition round housings or part of the coolant flow around simultaneously fed into the casing of the munition and produce explosive drain layer under aqueous metal salt solution. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous solution of the coolant as metal salts contains aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfuric acid, calcium nitric acid, sodium nitric acid, or a mixture thereof in an amount of 5-25 wt.% . 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammunition in the bath is staggered or in the corridor order with the smallest distance between them of 0.3 diameter of the warhead. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in front of the first row of ammunition in the direction of flow of the coolant set turbulators flow of coolant of arbitrary design. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a jet of hot coolant with a temperature above the melting point of the explosive is fed to the surface of the explosive in the munition housing.

Images