RU2045744C1 - Method of ammunition unloading - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: extraction of explosive components from explosive charges with their subsequent processing. SUBSTANCE: prepared heat-transfer agent in the form of aqueous saline solutions at a temperature of 80 to 130 C is fed to the ammunition body filled with a charge of explosion containing aluminium; aqueous saline solutions contain 0.5 to 3.5 mass percent of additive that passivates aluminium, and 0.5 to 3.5 mass percent of additive that stabilizes it. EFFECT: facilitated procedure. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to methods for the unloading of ammunition and is intended for the extraction of components of explosives (explosives) from explosive charges containing aluminum, their subsequent processing into products and the further use of structural materials and metal shells in the national economy.

The prototype of the invention is an environmentally friendly method of smelting explosive charges from ammunition, which allows to obtain uncontaminated components of explosives suitable for further processing and use in industry. According to this method, the melting of explosives from the body is carried out with hot air heated to 130 ^° C.

 The disadvantages of the prototype are low productivity due to the low heat transfer coefficient of the gaseous medium, high heat consumption for heating the air, and insufficiently high quality of cleaning ammunition with a complex internal configuration, filled with highly viscous castings.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity and quality of the process with the possibility of further processing of explosives.

The essence of the proposed technical solutions lies in the fact that in the method munitions demilitarization of explosives by melting containing aluminum, when exposed to the coolant, aqueous salt solutions are used as a heating medium at 80-130 ^{° C,} containing 0.5-3.5 wt. additives, passivating aluminum, and 0.5-3.5 wt. additives, it stabilizes, and the effect of the coolant is carried out by feeding it into the shell of the ammunition.

 The use of aqueous solutions of salts (ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and urea, and others) allows, due to heat transfer from the liquid medium, to a significant extent (up to 30-40 times) to accelerate the process of demarcation of ammunition, to ensure the quality of cleaning products with a complex geometric configuration and at the same time to obtain finished components for industrial explosives, which include ammonium nitrate and other salt additives. The coolant purified from the components of explosives before returning to the cycle can be used repeatedly, which makes it possible to organize a continuous process.

The lower limit of the temperature range of 80 ° ^C due TNT melting point, top 130 ^{° C,} the standard value due to the safety requirements when processing trotyl explosives.

The use of salts of chromic acid (K ₂ CrO ₄ , Na ₂ CrO ₄ ) or nitrites (NaNO ₂ ) as a passivating additive promotes the formation of a dense and strong oxide film on aluminum particles, which prevents the interaction of aluminum and a liquid medium at an elevated temperature. The introduction of a stabilizing additive of 0.5-3.5 wt. water-soluble phosphates (K ₃ PO ₄ , KH ₂ PO ₄ ) ensures the preservation of the oxide film in the process subsequent to the discharging of the processing of explosive components into industrial products and their storage.

 For example, an ammonal containing 4.5% aluminum powder, with aluminum particles similarly passivated and stabilized in this way, does not change its explosive properties over many years of storage in open form in air under conditions of possible natural moisture and drying.

PRI me R 1. The ammunition is filled with a mixture of TNT and aluminum. The heater, gradually raising the temperature to 90 ^{° C} by adding salt water components were prepared from 21 wt coolant. water, 78 wt. ammonium nitrate, 2 wt. To ₂ CrO ₄ and 2 wt. KH ₂ PO ₄ . The prepared coolant flows by gravity into the heated supercharger with a Montage, from where, under a certain pressure, the saline solution is fed into the ammunition body. The mixture of coolant, aluminum and trotyl spent in the housing passes through a heated pipe through a filter where aluminum particles are separated. Next, the mixture enters the TNT collection, where at a temperature less than 80 ^about C, the final separation of the coolant and explosives. The cleaned coolant is again fed into the heater, providing a continuous demilitarization cycle, and the melted explosive components are immediately used for further processing.

PRI me R 2. Ammunition is filled with a mixture of TNT, RDX and aluminum. In the heater, a primary solution of 17 wt. water, 75 wt. ammonium nitrate, 5 wt. urea, 2.5 wt. Na ₂ CrO ₄ and 0.5 wt. KH ₂ PO ₄ solution gradually bringing the temperature to 110 ^C. Except for the fact that before the separation of the spent alumina in the housing mixture enters the sump-conditioning, where the sedimentation of particles of RDX, then everything happens as in Example 1. Examples coolant formulation arrangement are given in the table.

 The proposed method can be used to organize a continuous process of demilitarization of aluminum-containing ammunition, separation and subsequent use of the components of the melted explosives and the disposal of metal shells.

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTING AMMUNITION by smelting explosives containing aluminum when exposed to a coolant, characterized in that aqueous saline solutions are used as a coolant at a temperature of 80-130 ^o C, containing 0.5-3.5 wt. additives, passivating aluminum, and 0.5-3.5 wt. additives, it stabilizes, and the effect of the coolant is carried out by feeding it into the shell of the ammunition.

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