RU2262994C1 - Separator for loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separating solids from solids.

SUBSTANCE: separator comprises hopper with the feeder, separating chamber, fan, and air ducts. The separating chamber is made of a dielectric material in the shape of a rectangular vertical pipe and is provided with electrodes arranged on its inner opposite walls. The system of air branch pipes is tightly connected with the bottom of the separating chamber. The branch pipes enters the separating chamber, are provided with the spraying tips and valves for control of air counterflow to the interelectrode space, and interconnected through pressure-tight conical collectors that catch the fractions of the material to be separated.

EFFECT: enhanced quality and reduced cost of separation.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the separation of bulk materials in various industries, where it becomes necessary to separate bulk materials into fractions.

Known separators for the separation of bulk materials in the air using electric fields. So, for example, in the books: Olfinsky N.F. Electrical enrichment methods. - M .: 1977; Basov A.M. Electrotechnology. - M .: Agropromizdat 1985 and other literature describes circuits and devices of electric separators. One of these separators is shown in patent RU No. 2165307, class. 03 C 7/00 BI No. 11 of 04/20/2001, containing two electrodes separated by dielectric materials. The disadvantage of the separator is low productivity and poor quality separation of the material (in particular, plant seeds).

Known pneumatic separator according to patent RU No. 2212285, class. 7 В 07 В 11/06, published in the collection "Inventions of the World", vol. 14 No. 9 for 2003 (adopted as a prototype). In the patent, the separation of bulk materials is carried out in the air stream, the separator includes a pneumatic separating channel with transverse windows for introducing the material in which the feeder is installed. The disadvantage of the separator is the low quality of separation and the limited number of fractions of the separated material at the outlet of the separator.

The technical solution to the problem is to improve the quality of separation of bulk materials.

This object is achieved in that the separating chamber, made of a dielectric material in the form of a rectangular vertical pipe, is equipped with potential electrodes located on its inner opposite walls, and at its lower base has a hermetically adjacent system of air pipes entering the inside of the separating chamber, equipped with diffusing tips and valves for regulating the speed of the oncoming air flow in the interelectrode space and interconnected sealed conical collectors that capture fractions of the separated material.

The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that the separation of the material is carried out when three particles act simultaneously on their particles: gravity, electric field, air flow. Thus, separation is carried out simultaneously according to three physical characteristics of the particles: specific gravity, shape and geometrical dimensions and electrical properties.

Conditions for such separation are created in the chamber of the proposed design, where a uniform air flow is directed counter to the flow of incident particles in a fluidized state in the zone of action of the electric field. The air flow drastically reduces the rate of fall of particles and thereby increases their residence time in an electric field, which helps to increase the fan of the dispersion of particles in space and improve the quality of separation.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the separator of the proposed design.

The separator includes a hopper with a feeder 1, mounted above the separating chamber 2, made of dielectric material. Potential electrodes are placed inside the chamber 3. A fan 4 through an air duct 5 provided with shutters 6 pumps air into the air nozzles 7 having diffusion tips 8 and equipped with control valves 9. Sealed conical collectors 10 are located between the nozzles 7 to collect various fractions of the material, equipped with gates 11. The collectors 10 are connected to the blocks of the bunkers 12. The exhaust air from the chamber 2 enters the dust collector 13 with a valve 14. The separator is powered and controlled from the power unit 15.

The separator works as follows. Fan 4 is turned on and with the help of a valve 6 and valves 9 a predetermined air flow velocity is established in the separation chamber 2. Potential electrodes 3 are turned on and a predetermined electric field strength in the chamber 2 is set. The flow of separated material from hopper 1 is turned on and its feed rate is regulated.

By adjusting the speed of the air flow, the electric field and the volume of the material supply, it is optimally divided into fractions.

The positive effect of the proposed separator is the high quality of separation and lower operating costs for separation.

Claims (1)

A separator for bulk materials containing a hopper with a feeder, a separating chamber, a fan and air ducts, characterized in that the separating chamber is made of dielectric material in the form of a rectangular vertical pipe, is equipped with electrodes located on its inner opposite walls, and has a hermetically sealed base adjoining system of air nozzles entering the inside of the separation chamber, equipped with scattering tips and valves to control the speed of the oncoming air flow in the interelectrode space, and interconnected by sealed conical collectors that trap fractions of the separated material.