RU2254928C2 - Granulator for crushing of accumulator-type articles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: utilization of commercial articles, on the whole, and worked out accumulator-type articles, in particular.

SUBSTANCE: granulator has housing incorporating hopper, reflective and lining plates, rotor with hammers, sieve with holes of predetermined sizes. Immovable knives are mounted in stepped arrangement in groups including several knives in equally spaced relation from working edges to rotor axis and in spaced relation with respect to radius of rotation of hammer ends, said space being equal to maximal predetermined size of granules. Disks put onto rotor shaft between disks with hammers are provided with rigidly fixed beaters formed as rectangular planks, whose one side extends tangentially to diameter of rotor and other side defines, in conjunction with one side, working edge arranged at an angle.

EFFECT: increased crushing efficiency, improved ecology control, and provision for producing granules of predetermined size.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a relatively new field of technology - methods and devices for the disposal of industrial products in general and products such as a battery in particular.

Utilization of the products of human activity is becoming an increasing problem of modern life for the following main reasons. The first is the desire to reuse their constituent materials; the second is the deteriorating environmental situation on the planet, which is gradually polluted with all kinds of waste, including battery scrap.

The battery is an inevitable and short-lived part of modern cars with internal combustion engines. The number of these batteries is several times greater than the fleet and amounts to tens of millions of units in Russia alone. In addition to automotive, there are many industrial batteries, the total mass of which is slightly less than the total mass of automobile. Thus, battery recycling is a global problem and many countries need such equipment.

It should be noted that, by the type of electrolyte, batteries are acidic - most of them are alkaline. Disposal methods and systems are very different for them, but grinding devices are suitable for any electrolyte.

A battery is a product of complex composition: it contains both metal components (lead, copper, steel, etc.) and non-metallic (external plastic cases, acids or alkalis inside, etc.). And when disposing, dismemberment into components is a secondary technical task, the first task is grinding the recyclable product.

There is no information on equipment for grinding products such as a battery in the domestic technical literature, but we are not aware of it in the patent literature. Information on this topic in foreign literature until recently was not.

Independent intensive searches led the authors to the field of technology, which also solves the problem of grinding objects whose sizes and properties are somewhat similar to the parameters of batteries. This area of technology is the crushing of natural stones, rocks, ores and other similar materials. Machines developed for this purpose are called crushers, described in the technical literature (for example, V.P.Sergeev “Construction Machines and Equipment”, 1987), are widely known and are commercially available, for example, in Nizhny Novgorod Drobmash OJSC (copy of the JSC advertising leaflet “Drobmash” is attached to our application for the grant of a patent of the Russian Federation).

The authors have done a lot of work on the practical verification of the possibility of grinding the batteries in crushing machines. Of the wide variety of crusher designs, shock crushers (see pages 60-67 of the author V.P.Sergeev's book) were the closest in technical essence, both of which — hammer and rotor — have a massive rotor rotor with working bodies. Hammer crushers use hammers articulated on the rotor as a working tool, while rotary hammers use rigidly fixed bits of rectangular cross-section (we did not see any other cross-sections). Rigid fastening of the beat on the rotor ensures the use of kinetic energy of the entire rotor, which allows crushing durable materials.

It turned out that hammers effectively destroy only batteries with ebonite cases that were made earlier. Currently, only polypropylene cases are used, which are elastic, resilient, and under the blows of hammers tend to leave the zone of action of the latter - while the hammers destroy the internal elements of the battery, “knocking out”, “shaking” them out of the cases. As a result, such cases cannot be forced to pass through the machine - a cork is formed from polypropylene cases, which stops the movement of the batteries. The same is observed when using rotary crushers with beats of rectangular cross section; they become capable of destroying casings only with a significant increase in the size and mass of the rotor, but such crushers are economically disadvantageous due to unreasonably high energy and metal consumption.

It should be emphasized that neither in the extensive literature, nor in practice we even met mention of the simultaneous use of hammers and hammers in one crusher. The best results were obtained on rotary crushers - granulators (depicted on the aforementioned leaflet of JSC "Drobmash"), but only after the improvements made in them, which are the essence of our invention. Granulators of the device are called because the pieces of stones obtained on them - granules - have dimensions that do not exceed the values specified and determined by the design of the machine, which is what we need.

The granulator rotary crusher is a body and a hopper mounted on it, reflective and lining plates, a sieve with holes of a given size and above it - a rotor placed with the possibility of rotation in the form of a drive shaft and disks with hammers put on it.

The aim of this invention is to develop a new device for crushing products such as a battery.

This goal is achieved by the fact that fixed knives interacting with hammers are mounted on the case in groups of several pieces in steps on top of each other with an equal distance from the working edges to the rotor axis and a gap relative to the radius of rotation of the ends of the hammers, equal to the largest specified size of the granules, on the rotor shaft between the disks disks with hammers are mounted with rigidly fixed bills in the form of strips of a quadrangular cross section, one side of which is tangential to the diameter of the rotor, and the second side forms with tear the working edge at an acute angle. The beaters can be made with a cross-section in the form of a parallelogram with sharp angles of 30 ° -45 °, and the samples in the rotor for the beaters have the same configuration. Variants of figured cross sections are also possible, for example, in the form of a claw for tearing polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride cases. The granulator hopper is made with a vertical receiving window closed by a flexible curtain, which is folded into the hopper by loadable products, and is equipped with a suction device in the upper part that removes dust and gases from the hopper through a filter system. The granulator parts interacting with the electrolyte are made of resistant materials corresponding to the type of electrolyte, or provided with resistant coatings.

The claimed granulator is illustrated by the drawings of figures 1 and 2, which schematically shows:

figure 1 - its vertical cross section with a break on the rotor;

figure 2 - view A (figure 1).

The granulator comprises a detachable housing 1 and a hopper 2 mounted thereon, fixed knives 3, reflective 4 and lining 5 plates, a rotor 6 with a drive (not shown) and working bodies, a sieve 7 with holes of predetermined sizes for the passage of granules of the crushed battery.

The housing 1 with a connector in the horizontal plane consists of a frame fixed to the vibration mounts and a cover having a fixed and folding part. The latter is moved using a special mechanism (not shown) to troubleshoot and replace worn parts. In the case there are hatches 8 for routine inspection; the inner surfaces of the housing are lined with lining plates 5.

The hopper 2 is made with a vertical receiving window, which is closed by a flexible curtain (for example, from rubber bands), which is folded into the hopper by the loaded products themselves, and is equipped in the upper part with a suction device 9 (for example, a fan), which removes dust and gases from the hopper through a filter system .

The knives 3 are mounted on the body (in Fig. 1, by a connector) in two groups of several pieces stepwise on top of each other at an equal distance from the working edges to the axis of the rotor and the gap relative to the radius of rotation of the ends of the hammers, equal to the largest specified size of the granules. Places of the connector of the housing 1 and its connection with the hatches 8 are sealed to protect against the passage of dust.

Reflective plates 4 are equipped with safety-adjusting mechanisms 10, designed to pass through the machine insoluble objects, adjust the size of the output slit and the gaps between the ends of the working bodies and the reflective plate 4.

Massive rotor 6 is a shaft with alternating disks 11 and 12 mounted on it (i.e. mounted like this: 11, 12, 11, 12, etc.). Hammers 13 are mounted on the disks 11, pivotally suspended on the axles 14, and interchangeable blades 15 are rigidly fixed on the disks 12. For greater balance in the manufacture of the rotor, it is carefully balanced.

Each beat 15 is made in the form of a quadrangular cross-sectional bar parallel to the rotor axis, one side of which is tangential to the diameter D of the rotor, and the second side forms an acute angle with the first working edge. It is possible to produce a beater 15a with a cross-section in the form of a parallelogram with sharp angles of 30-45 ° for samples in the rotor under the beater of the appropriate configuration - such a beater has 2 working edges and a more reliable fastening. Variants of curly transverse beats are also possible, for example, in the form of a claw 15b (Figs. 1, 2) for tearing polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride cases. The sieve 7 is a trough curved in the form of an arc along the radius, the center of which coincides with the axis of the rotor 6, and the radius itself is greater than the radius of rotation of the end of the hammer 13 by the size of the largest granules of the product being crushed. The holes in the sieve 7 are made at an angle and expand towards the passage of the granules, which facilitates their exit through the inclined tray 16 from the granulator.

Since electrolyte residues are inevitably present in the crushed batteries, the parts interacting with them are made of resistant materials or are provided with resistant coatings (anti-acid or anti-alkaline - depending on the electrolyte).

During mass industrial disposal, products such as a battery are first destroyed, for example, by cracking, and the electrolyte is drained from them. Then the batteries are fed into a granulator, which operates as follows.

Turn on the rotor drive 6 and the suction device 9, the products intended for processing are loaded into the hopper 2. Falling down, the products fall under the influence of knives 3 and rapidly rotating hammers 13 and beat 15. Hammers 13 “knock out” the internal elements of the batteries from non-metallic shells, and beat 15 points with claws cut, torn, cut into parts of these buildings. As a result of impacts, the products begin to separate first into large pieces that fly apart and fly onto reflective plates 4 and sieve 7. Reflecting from these parts, the pieces again fall under the action of working bodies 3, 13, 15. This process is repeated many times until the crushed pieces will not pass through the openings of the sieve 7 in the form of granules. Centrifugal forces arising from the eccentric collision of a piece with a working body also contribute to grinding the batteries.

For effective crushing, the rotor must have a high mass and a significant peripheral speed.

The process of crushing products such as a battery in the proposed granulator is very productive and environmentally friendly.

Voronezh Scientific-Production Enterprise “NPP-IRIS” developed the working drawings of the granulator model GRS 07. A prototype was made, which showed excellent results in testing.

At this stage, on November 28, 2002, we found on the Internet a foreign article in the Russian translation “A plant based on an integrated CX system for processing 20,000 tons per year of lead-acid batteries”, where only the following phrase was written about the device for processing the latter: “batteries are crushed in a specially designed hammer mill. ”

The authors comment on this post like this:

1) “mill” is also a crusher, i.e. Abroad turned to the same field of technology as we do;

2) the use of hammers only is not very effective, and in the case of the use of other working bodies the name would be different - that means our granulator is more effective, having more beats and knives;

3) from the standpoint of patenting, the message does not discredit the novelty of the device declared by us.

“NPP-IRIS” plans the serial production of granulators in the city of Voronezh.

Recycling of battery materials and similar products will bring tangible benefits to the country's economy and improve the environmental situation.

Claims (5)

1. A granulator for crushing products such as a battery, comprising a housing and a hopper mounted on it, reflective and lining plates, a sieve with holes of a given size and above it - a rotor placed with the possibility of rotation in the form of a drive shaft and worn disks with hammers, characterized in that fixed knives interacting with hammers are mounted on the case in groups of several pieces in steps on top of each other at an equal distance from the working edges to the axis of the rotor and the gap relative to the radius of rotation of the ends of the hammer s is equal to a predetermined largest size granules; on the rotor shaft between the disks with hammers, disks with rigidly fixed beaters are put in the form of strips of a quadrangular cross section, one side of which is tangent to the diameter of the rotor, and the second side forms an acute angle with the first working edge. 2. The granulator according to claim 1, in which the beat is made with a cross section in the form of a parallelogram with sharp angles of 30-45 °, and the samples in the rotor for the beat have the same configuration. 3. The granulator according to claim 1, in which the beater is made with curly cross-sections, for example, in the form of a claw for tearing polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride bodies. 4. The granulator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the hopper of which is made with a vertical receiving window, closed with a flexible curtain, reclining loadable products inside the hopper, and equipped with a suction device in the upper part that removes dust and gases from the hopper through a filter system. 5. The granulator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the parts interacting with the electrolyte are made of resistant materials corresponding to the type of electrolyte, or provided with resistant coatings.

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