RU2253212C2 - Potato digger (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: potato digger has digging device formed as share, and separating device. Digging device and separating device are mounted on frame. Slots are provided in share bottom. Clod breaking drum is disposed above share. Wavy protrusions formed on drum surface are extending in parallel with drum axis. Separating device is composed of set of shafts on which disks are mounted in staggered arrangement. Disks are equipped with fingers manufactured from elastic material and having section decreasing from finger base to its apex. Outer surface of each finger in its base part is perpendicular to disk radius. Disk fingers of adjacent shafts are arranged in overlapping relationship with respect to one another.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in separating of potato tubers from soil and reduced damage to potato tubers.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to machines and mechanisms that can be used for harvesting potatoes and other root crops, for example beets, carrots on any type of soil.

Known potato harvester containing mounted on the frame two-piece plowshares, two bar drums, a conveyor and a shaking disk separating working body (see Patent SU No. 103140, class A 01 D 17/06, 02.08.1956).

A disadvantage of the known potato digger is that in this harvester a large number of soil lumps are fed to the separating working organs together with the tubers, the separation of tubers from the soil is difficult and occurs due to the intensive impact of the separating working bodies on the undermined layer that damage the potato tubers. In addition, such a combine has a sufficiently high metal consumption and large overall dimensions.

The technical task is a more efficient separation, i.e., the allocation of potato tubers from the soil mass with minimal damage to the potato.

First option.

According to the invention, the technical result is ensured by the fact that in a potato digger containing a frame on which a digging working body made in the form of a ploughshare and a separating working body are mounted, slots are made in the bottom of the ploughshare to improve separation, and a lump-breaking drum is installed over the ploughshare, while the surface of the drum is made of wave-like protrusions parallel to its axis for better crushing of the lumps and movement of the undermined mass.

The lumpy drum is installed with the possibility of adjusting the gap between it and the share share to adjust the digger to the average size of the tubers of the harvested potatoes.

The technical result is a more efficient separation, that is, a more efficient separation of potato tubers from the soil due to more efficient crushing of soil lumps by a lump-breaking drum with minimal damage to potato tubers, because soil separation through the coulter slots occurs at the stage of undermining, which leads to a significant decrease in the mass of soil entering the separating working body, and a decrease in potato damage, since tubers are under the soil layer at the time of crushing of the soil lumps.

The technical result is achieved precisely due to the combination of essential features set forth in the first independent claim, because at the same time as the formation is being dug, the lumpy crushing drums crumble the soil layer, and the wave-like protrusions along its axis effectively crush large soil lumps. Longitudinal cuts in the bottom of the share provide additional crumbling of the undermined layer and partial separation of the soil. Since crushing of soil lumps occurs at the moment of undermining, the potato tubers are well protected by a layer of soil from damage by a crushing drum, which solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of isolating potato tubers from the undermining layer and minimizing damage to tubers.

In the aggregate of essential features of the first version of the potato digger there are distinctive signs from the prototype, which determines its compliance with the criterion of "novelty."

Compliance with the criterion of “inventive step” is due to the presence of a new technical property, which consists in more efficient separation of potato tubers from the soil due to more efficient crushing of soil lumps by a lump-breaking drum with minimal damage to potato tubers, as crushing of lumps of soil occurs simultaneously with the excavation of the soil layer, i.e. demolition of the formation and crushing of lumps of soil occurs simultaneously when the potato is still underground, which leads to a decrease in damage to tubers and an improvement in the separation of tubers from the soil on separating working bodies.

Second option

According to the invention, the technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a potato digger containing a frame on which a digging working body is mounted, and a separating working body made in the form of a system of shafts on which finger disks are staggered, the fingers of which are made of elastic material with a section decreasing from the base of the finger to its apex, while the outer surface of each finger at its base is perpendicular to the radius of the disk, and the fingers of the disks of adjacent shafts are mounted with by recession.

Additionally, the separating working element is installed with the possibility of adjusting its inclination relative to the frame to increase the efficiency of the potato digger for various terrain, types and soil moisture. In addition, the fingers of the disks of adjacent shafts are installed with adjustable overlap for more efficient operation of the potato digger with different sizes of potato tubers.

The technical result is a more efficient separation, i.e. more efficient separation of potato tubers from the soil due to more efficient screening of the soil through the gaps between the finger discs with minimal damage to the potato tubers and a significantly shorter length of the separating working body.

In this embodiment, the potato digger finger discs of the proposed form form the spring surface of the separating working body, providing a more intensive screening of the soil with a much milder effect on the potato tubers, reducing their damage with a significantly shorter length of the separating working body. Finger discs of the proposed design form a rather rigid, but springy surface of the separator, providing intensive screening of the soil with a gentle effect on the potato tubers, self-cleaning of the separator from sticking with moist soil. The design also prevents jamming of potato tubers between the fingers of the discs and clogging of the surface of the separator tops.

In the aggregate of essential features of the second variant of the potato digger there are distinctive signs from the prototype, which determines its compliance with the criterion of “novelty”.

Compliance with the criterion of “inventive step” is due to the presence of a new technical property, which consists in more intensive sifting of a dug layer during the separation process with a significant reduction in the length of the separating surface, as well as a decrease in the damage of tubers, which ultimately leads to an increase in the efficiency of harvesting potatoes.

The third option.

According to the invention, the technical result is ensured by the fact that in a potato digger containing a frame on which a digging working body made in the form of a share is mounted and a separating working body made in the form of a shaft system, slots are made in the bottom of the share to improve separation, and above a lump-breaking drum is mounted on the ploughshare, while wave-shaped protrusions are made on the drum surface parallel to its axis for better crushing of the lumps and movement of the undermined mass, on separating shafts finger disks are installed in a checkerboard pattern, the fingers of which are made of elastic material with a cross section decreasing from the base of the finger to its apex, with the outer surface of each finger at its base perpendicular to the radius of the disk, and the fingers of the disks of adjacent shafts mounted overlapping.

The third version of the potato digger is inherent in all of the above advantages of the first and second options.

In the aggregate of essential features of the third variant of the potato digger there are distinctive signs from the prototype, which determines its compliance with the criterion of “novelty”.

Compliance with the criterion of “inventive step” is due to the presence of new technical properties inherent in the first and second variants of the potato digger.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a potato digger (side view).

Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a first variant of a potato digger (top view).

Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a second variant of a potato digger (side view).

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a second variant of a potato digger (top view).

Figure 5 shows the finger disc of the separator.

Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a third variant of a potato digger (side view).

Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a third variant of a potato digger (top view).

Description of the option 1. The potato digger contains a frame 1 (Fig.1-2), on which a digging working body is mounted, made in the form of a share 2 with vertical walls and located above the share of a lump-breaking drum 3. In the bottom of the share, longitudinal slots 4 of various lengths are made to obtain the maximum sifting area of the soil while maintaining the rigidity of the ploughshare. On the surface of the drum, wave-like protrusions 5 are made parallel to the axis of the drum. The gap “a” (figure 1) between the bottom of the share and the surface of the drum can be adjusted depending on the size of the tubers in order to minimize the possibility of damage to large potato tubers. Potato digger may contain two of the same type of undermining working bodies, as shown in figure 2, as well as one or more undermining working bodies, depending on the required number of simultaneously digging rows of potatoes and the design of the digger. After a digging working body, a separating working body 6 and narrowing guards 7 are installed on the frame.

Potato digger works as follows. When the potato digger moves along the field, the shares 2 dig up the potato rows, ensuring the capture of the minimum amount of soil without falling apart. Simultaneously with the excavation of the formation, forcibly rotating lump-breaking drums 3 crumble the soil formation. The surface of the drum with wave-shaped protrusions 5 along its axis effectively crushes large soil lumps, helps to separate the tubers from the tops and better supply of mass to the separating working organ 6. The longitudinal slots 4 in the bottom of the ploughshare provide additional crumbling of the subsoil and partial soil separation. Since crushing of soil lumps occurs at the moment of undermining, the potato tubers are well protected by a layer of soil from damage by a crushing drum, which solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of isolating potato tubers from the undermining layer and minimizing damage to tubers. Next, the mass enters the separating working body 6, where the tubers are separated from impurities and with the help of narrowing flaps 7 are evenly placed on the surface of the field.

Description of option 2. The potato digger contains a frame 1 (Figs. 3–4), on which one or several digging working bodies 2 and a separating working body 3 are mounted, which is a system of shafts 4 parallel in the horizontal plane, on which finger discs are staggered 5. The fingers of the disks of adjacent shafts are mounted with an overlap that can be adjusted. The fingers 6 of each disk are made of elastic material with a cross section decreasing from the base of the finger to its top, while the outer surface 7 of each finger 6 at its base is perpendicular to the radius R of the disk (Fig. 5). The separating working body 3 is installed with the possibility of adjusting its inclination relative to the frame 1. After the separating working body, narrowing guards 8 are installed for uniformly laying potato tubers on the field surface.

Potato digger works as follows. When the digger moves, the required number of rows of potatoes is dug up. Undermined mass arrives at the separating working body 3, where it is subjected to intensive separation on the palmate surface. Impurities pass into the gaps between the disks 5, and the tubers are transferred along the surface of the separator and, guided by narrowing flaps 8, are placed on the field surface, which allows the potato separation process to be carried out with maximum efficiency and with minimal damage to the potato tubers.

Description of option 3. The potato digger contains a frame 1 (Fig.6-7), on which a digging working body is mounted, made in the form of a share 2 with vertical walls and located above the share of a lump-breaking drum 3. In the bottom of the share, longitudinal slots 4 of various lengths are made to obtain the maximum sifting area of the soil while maintaining the rigidity of the ploughshare. On the surface of the drum, wave-like protrusions 5 are made parallel to the axis of the drum. The gap “a” (Fig.6) between the bottom of the share and the surface of the drum can be adjusted depending on the size of the tubers, to minimize the possibility of damage to large tubers of potatoes.

The separating working body 8, which is a system of shafts 9 parallel in the horizontal plane, on which finger disks are staggered 10. The fingers of the disks of adjacent shafts are mounted with overlap, which can be adjusted. The fingers 6 (FIG. 5) of each disk are made of elastic material with a cross section decreasing from the base of the finger to its apex, while the outer surface 7 of each finger 6 at its base is perpendicular to the radius R of the disk (FIG. 5). The separating working body 8 is installed with the possibility of regulating its inclination relative to the frame 1. After the separating working body, narrowing guards 11 are installed for uniformly laying potato tubers on the field surface.

Potato digger works as follows. When the potato digger moves along the field, the shares 2 dig up the potato rows, ensuring the capture of the minimum amount of soil without falling apart. Simultaneously with the excavation of the formation, forcibly rotating lump-breaking drums 3 crumble the soil formation. The surface of the drum with wave-shaped protrusions 5 along its axis effectively crushes large soil lumps, helps to separate the tubers from the tops and provides a better supply of mass to the separating working element 8. The longitudinal slots 4 in the bottom of the share provide additional crumbling of the subsoil and partial soil separation. Since crushing of soil lumps occurs at the moment of undermining, the potato tubers are well protected by a layer of soil from damage by a crushing drum. Next, the mass enters the separating working body 8, where it is subjected to intensive separation on the palmate surface. Impurities pass into the gaps between the disks 10, and the tubers are transferred along the surface of the separator and, guided by the narrowing flaps 11, are laid on the surface of the field.

Claims (6)

1. A potato digger containing a digging working element mounted on the frame, made in the form of a ploughshare, and a separating working body, characterized in that slots are made in the bottom of the ploughshare, and a lump-breaking drum mounted on the ploughshare, on the surface of which a wavy protrusions made parallel to its axis are made. 2. Potato digger according to claim 1, characterized in that the lumpy drum is mounted above the share with the possibility of adjusting the gap between the surface of the drum and the bottom of the share. 3. A potato digger containing a digging working body mounted on a frame, a separating working body made in the form of a system of shafts on which disks are staggered, characterized in that the disks have fingers made of elastic material with a section decreasing from the base of the finger to its top, and the outer surface of each finger at its base is perpendicular to the radius of the disk, and the fingers of the disks of adjacent shafts are installed with overlap. 4. Potato digger according to claim 3, characterized in that the separating working body is installed with the possibility of regulating its inclination relative to the frame. 5. Potato digger according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the fingers of the disks of adjacent shafts are installed with adjustable overlap. 6. A potato digger containing a digging working body mounted on a frame, a separating working body made in the form of a system of shafts on which discs are staggered, characterized in that slots are made in the bottom of the share, and a lump-breaking drum is installed over the share, on the surface of which wavy protrusions are made parallel to its axis, and the disks have fingers made of elastic material with a cross section decreasing from the base of the finger to its apex, the outer surface of each finger and in its base perpendicular to the disk radius and the fingers adjacent disks mounted shafts overlap.

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