RU2037991C1

RU2037991C1 - Method and device for harvesting tuber crops

Info

Publication number: RU2037991C1
Authority: RU
Inventors: А.И. Кулькин; И.В. Бойко; И.З. Синкуть; П.И. Циркунов; С.Г. Яговдик
Original assignee: Кулькин Александр Иванович
Priority date: 1991-09-09
Filing date: 1991-09-09
Publication date: 1995-06-27

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: method for harvesting tuber crops comprises undercutting of beds, destroying them by impact loads throughout their width from underneath at individual sections alternating in transverse direction, distributing the components of destroyed beds in a crosswise direction and shaking down the soil. The device for realization of said method comprises successively arranged at least one share 2, rotor 3 in the form of a transverse shaft whose surface is provided with rows of impact members 4 which are overlapping and offset relative to the adjacent impact members 4 of the adjacent rows, and at least one elevator 8. Impact members 4 of rotor 3 are located behind each undercutting share 2 over at least two helical lines 5 and 6 located on each of the opposite sides from the longitudinal axes of share 2 and directed towards said axes. On each portion of each helical line 5 and in each row of members on the shaft there are at least two impact members 4 while said members proper in the adjacent helical lines 5 and 6 are overlapping and offset from one another along the shaft axis. EFFECT: improved functional and operating characteristics. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Изобретение относится к механизации сельскохозяйственного производства, а именно к механизации уборки корнеклубнеплодов. The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural production, namely to the mechanization of harvesting root crops.

На чертеже дано устройство для осуществления способа, вид сверху. The drawing shows a device for implementing the method, a top view.

Устройство включает боковины 1, подкапывающие лемехи 2, вал ротора 3 с установленными на его поверхности ударными элементами 4 по двум винтовым линиям 5 и 6 за каждым лемехом 2, звездочку 7 для привода вала ротора 3 и элеватор 8, содержащий прутки 9 и тяговые элементы (ремни, цепи) 10, между которыми расположены средние участки прутков 9 элеватора 8. При этом ударные элементы 4 вала ротора 3 установлены за каждым подкапывающим лемехом 2, по крайней мере, по двум винтовым линиям 5 и 6, размещенным с каждой из противоположных сторон от продольных осей лемехов 2 и направленных к последним, при этом на каждом участке размещения каждой винтовой линии 5 и 6 в каждом ряду лопастей на валу ротора 3 расположено, по крайней мере, две лопасти 4, а смежные лопасти 4 в смежных винтовых линиях 5 и 6 расположены со смещением и перекрытием а друг от друга вдоль оси вала ротора 3. The device includes sidewalls 1, digging plowshares 2, rotor shaft 3 with shock elements 4 mounted on its surface along two helical lines 5 and 6 behind each share 2, an asterisk 7 for driving the rotor shaft 3 and an elevator 8 containing rods 9 and traction elements ( belts, chains) 10, between which are located the middle sections of the rods 9 of the elevator 8. In this case, the shock elements 4 of the rotor shaft 3 are installed behind each digging share 2, at least along two helical lines 5 and 6, located on each of the opposite sides from longitudinal axes of ploughshare 2 and directed to the latter, while at each location of each helical line 5 and 6 in each row of blades on the rotor shaft 3, at least two blades 4 are located, and adjacent blades 4 in adjacent helical lines 5 and 6 are located with displacement and overlapping a from each other along the axis of the shaft of the rotor 3.

При движении устройства по полю 2 лемехи подрезают грядки с корнеклубнеплодами, например, картофелем, и подают на вал ротора 3 с установленными на его поверхности ударными элементами 4 по двум винтовым линиям 5 и 6 за каждым лемехом 2, которые, воздействуя последовательно чередующимися ударами в направлении от краев лемехов 2 к их продольным осям, обеспечивают расположение корнеклубнеплодов и основной массы сепарируемой почвы между тяговыми элементами (ремнями, цепями) 10 элеватора 8, причем наибольшее количество почвы будет расположено на средних участках прутков 11 между смежными тяговыми элементами 10, где зазоры между прутками 9 имеют наибольшую величину за счет их деформации в процессе работы и где осуществляется за счет этого наибольшая сепарация почвы, что позволяет производить последнее, при этом обеспечивая почвенную "подушку" для корнеклубнеплодов, тем самым достигая повышения производительности сепарации почвы, снижения потерь и повреждений корнеклубнеплодов. Снижение повреждений корнеклубнеплодов способствует также исключение контактов корнеклубнеплодов с элементами крепления прутков 9 элеватора 8 на его тяговых элементах 10. When the device moves along field 2, the plowshares cut beds with root tubers, for example, potatoes, and are fed to the rotor shaft 3 with shock elements 4 mounted on its surface along two screw lines 5 and 6 behind each share 2, which, acting sequentially alternating strokes in the direction from the edges of the shares 2 to their longitudinal axes, provide the location of root tubers and the main mass of the separated soil between the traction elements (belts, chains) 10 of the elevator 8, and the largest amount of soil will be located on in the same sections of the rods 11 between adjacent traction elements 10, where the gaps between the rods 9 are the largest due to their deformation during operation and where, due to this, the greatest separation of the soil is carried out, which allows the latter to be produced, while providing a soil “cushion” for root crops, thereby achieving improved soil separation performance, reducing losses and damage to root crops. Reducing damage to the root crops also contributes to the exclusion of contacts of the root crops with the fastening elements of the rods 9 of the elevator 8 on its traction elements 10.

Claims

1. A method of harvesting root crops, including sequentially performed operations of digging up beds, their destruction by impacting them across the entire width from below in separate sections, alternating shock loads in the transverse direction, distribution of the components of the destroyed beds in the transverse direction and soil separation, characterized in that the destruction of each undermined bed is carried out by exposure to sequentially alternating shock loads simultaneously in at least two sections, married on each side of the longitudinal axis of the beds in directions from the edges of the beds to their longitudinal axes.

2. A device for harvesting root crops, containing at least one ploughshare sequentially arranged, a rotor made in the form of a shaft installed in the transverse direction, on the surface of which rows of shock elements are fixed along its axis, placed with offset and overlap relative to adjacent shock elements of adjacent rows, and at least one elevator, characterized in that the rotor percussion elements are located behind each digging ploughshare in at least two helical lines located on each of at the opposite sides from the longitudinal axes of the plowshares and directed towards the latter, while at each location of each helix in each row of elements on the shaft there are at least two shock elements, and the shock elements in adjacent helical lines are installed with offset and overlapping each other along the axis shaft.