RU2130815C1 - Pneumatic separator for loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: apparatuses for separating loose materials by air flow, possibly in agriculture, chemical and building industry branches. SUBSTANCE: pneumatic separator includes receiving attachment, accelerator consisting of two drums, fan, vertical air duct, speed suppressing chamber, light fraction receiver. Drums have on their surfaces annular grooves and dents. Dents of one drum are arranged with gap in grooves of another drum. Speed suppressing chamber flares along material motion direction in vertical plane. Upper and lower walls of said chamber are mounted with possibility of changing their inclination angle and level position; their inner surface is coated by rubber. Apparatus increases efficiency of separating bulk seeds by 10-15% and lowers seed damage degree by 1-3%. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of separation. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for separating bulk materials by air flow and can be used in agriculture, chemical and construction industries.

 A device for separating bulk material containing a belt-type accelerator, a fan and an air channel [1].

 A disadvantage of the known device is the low separation efficiency due to the uneven flow of bulk material into the separation zone.

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the selected as a prototype bulk material separator, including a receiving device, consisting of two drums, an accelerator, a vertical air channel connected to the receiver of the heavy fraction speed damping chamber with a damper, light fraction receiver [2].

 The disadvantage of this device is the low quality of the separation, because the material thrown into the separation zone enters in a continuous stream, due to which it is poorly blown by the air stream. In addition, particles are injured in the separation channel from their collision with the inner walls.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a pseudo-separator of bulk materials, including a receiving device, consisting of two drums, an accelerator, a fan, a vertical air channel connected to the receiver of heavy fractions, a speed quenching chamber with a damper, a light fraction receiver, according to the invention, the surfaces of the drums are made with ring grooves and protrusions, while the protrusions of one drum are located with a gap in the grooves of the other drum, and the damping chamber is made expanding in the direction of travel material in a vertical plane, while the upper and lower walls of the blanking chamber are installed with the possibility of measuring the angle of inclination. In addition, the upper and lower walls of the blanking chamber are installed with the possibility of changing their position in height, and their inner surface is rubberized.

 Comparison of the claimed device with the prototype shows that the new is the execution of the surface of the drums with annular grooves and protrusions, the location of the protrusions of one drum with a gap in the grooves of another drum, the implementation of the damping chamber, expanding along the material in the vertical plane, the installation of the upper and lower walls of the chamber damping with the ability to change the angle of inclination. As well as the installation of these walls with the ability to change their position in height, the execution of the inner surface rubberized.

 The implementation of the surfaces of the drums with annular grooves and protrusions allows you to feed the material into the area of the air stream in jets / streams /, between which there are air gaps. The presence of air gaps between the elements / streams / reduces its resistance to air flow and improves the streamlining of a part of the material to be separated to the stream and improves the streamlining of the particles of the material to be separated, which leads to an increase in the quality of separation.

 The cylinders are located so that the protrusions of one cylinder enter the grooves with a gap, which allows you to get symmetrical trickles of the processed stream. This helps to increase the uniformity of loads in the vertical air channel and leads to an increase in the quality of separation.

 The execution of the damping chamber of the speed expanding in the direction of movement of the material allows to reduce the injury to particles during their movement in the channel by reducing the number of collisions of particles with the inner walls of the horizontal channel.

 Adjusting the angle of inclination of the walls of the chamber makes it possible to choose the optimal position of the walls when processing materials with different physiological properties and different air flow rates.

 The execution of the inner surfaces of the walls rubberized reduces the trauma of particles in collision with the inner walls of the channel.

 The ability to adjust the channel walls in height also allows you to process materials with various physical properties.

 Thus, the invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

 The claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step", as it is not obvious to a specialist and leads to a result that satisfies the existing need: improving the quality of separation and reducing injury to the separated material.

 The claimed technical solution is "industrially applicable", because You can find application in agriculture, chemical and construction industries.

 The essence of the proposed solution is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the device / cross section /; in FIG. 2 - the same section AA; in FIG. 3 - cylinder surface; in FIG. 4 - interaction of air stream jets with elements of a shared material;
The pneumatic separator contains a receiving hopper 1 of bulk material, an accelerator made in the form of two cylinders 2, the inner walls of which are made of elastic rubber and fixed on the axes 3, a fan 4 connected to the vertical air channel 5. The vertical channel 5 is connected via walls to the walls 5 7 extinguishing chambers 8. Walls 7 are also connected through corrugated elements 9 to a discharge hopper (heavy fraction receiver) 10, in the upper part of which there is an elastic hopper 11, which serves as a shock absorber orosti particles of shared material. The distance between the walls 7 of the blanking chamber 8 and the position of the channel 5 in height are regulated by bolts by connecting 12 fixed plates 13 mounted on both sides of the walls 7 of the channel 5. At the bottom of the channel 5 there is a light particle receiver 14 and a bypass channel 15. The surfaces of the cylinders 2 are made in in the form of annular grooves 16 and protrusions 17. In FIG. 3 and 4 show the elements of the separating stream 18, the trickles of the air stream 19.

 Pneumoseparator works as follows.

 From the receiving hopper 1, bulk material along the surface of the lower cylinder 2 of the accelerator is fed into the substitution zone between the grooves 16 and the protrusions 17. At the exit from the cylinders 2, the material acquires the linear velocity of the generatrix of the cylinders 2 and is fed into the vertical channel 5, where some light impurities are released, and the main the flow enters the blanking chamber 8. The material passing through the blanking chamber 8, with the help of a beater 11 is sent to the capacity of the discharge hopper 10.

 The use of the proposed pneumatic separator leads to an increase in the efficiency of separation of light impurities from the main stream and to a reduction in the particles of the separated material in the form of jets entering the zone of the air stream. When separating (for example, a grain pile of wheat seeds) in a pneumatic separator, the separation efficiency is increased by 10-15%, and seed injury is reduced by 1-3%.

Sources of information
1. USSR author's certificate N 387751, cl. B 07 B 4/00, 06/22/73.

 2. USSR author's certificate N 731924, cl. B 07 B 4/00, 05/05/80.

Claims (2)

 1. A pneumatic separator of bulk materials, including a receiving device consisting of two drums, an accelerator, a fan, an air channel connected to a heavy fraction receiver, a speed quenching chamber with a quencher, a light fraction receiver, characterized in that the surfaces of the drums are made with ring grooves and protrusions, the protrusions of one drum are located with a gap in the grooves of the other drum, and the speed damping chamber is made expanding along the material in the vertical plane, while the upper and lower Thread quenching chamber walls are arranged to change the angle of inclination.  2. The pneumatic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower walls of the blanking chamber are installed with the possibility of changing their position in height, and their inner surface is rubberized.

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