RU2116720C1 - Fodder grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for grinding any kinds of fodder: grain, grass, succulent fodder and roots, feed mixtures. SUBSTANCE: grinder has grinding chamber 1, hammer-type rotor 2, replaceable screen, detachable grain and grass hoppers 6. In the process of grinding, grain flows by gravity from grain hopper into grinding chamber 1 to be subjected to joint action of hammer-type rotor 2, walls of grinding chamber 1 and screen. Ground grain is accumulated in hopper 6. When succulent fodder and roots are to be ground, screen and grain hoppers are removed and deflector is mounted instead of grain hopper. Grass hopper 6 is turned and positioned above grinding chamber 1. Succulent fodder and roots are charged into grass hopper 6, from which they are delivered through window 21 into grinding chamber 1. EFFECT: wider operational capabilities and improved quality of ground fodder. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for agriculture and can be used mainly in individual farming for grinding juicy, roughage, grass, grain, root crops and the preparation of feed mixtures.

 Known crusher for feed KDU-2 [1], including a grain hopper, a crushing chamber, hammer and knife rotors, a removable sieve, supply and discharge devices, a removable deflector. The grinder allows, after proper adjustment, to grind various types of feed. However, it has a complex device - two grinding apparatus, feeding and unloading devices.

 The closest in technical essence is the feed mill DKM-5 [2], containing a crushing chamber with a hammer rotor, interchangeable sieve and adjacent grain and grass bins, a shaft with blades, a removable deflector. However, it is prone to clogging with succulent feeds, intended mainly for grinding grain and hay.

 In the proposed feed crusher comprising a crushing chamber with a hammer rotor, an adjacent grass hopper and a shaft with blades mounted rotatably in the grass hopper, the grass hopper is provided with a lid with an air filter and is rotatable together with the crushing chamber in the rotation plane hammer rotor. In addition, the blades can be made in the form of separate independent elements and distributed on the shaft with displacement in the axial and angular directions. For grinding juicy feed and root crops, the crusher is equipped with a removable deflector attached to the crushing chamber and having a sieve. For grinding grain materials, it is equipped with a grain bin attached to the crushing chamber, and a removable sieve installed in the grass bin against the window of the crushing chamber.

 The grass hopper, made with the possibility of rotation together with the crushing chamber, in the position "above the crushing chamber" provides the supply of raw material (succulent, roughage, grass, root crops) from the bottom of the grass hopper to the hammer rotor. A shaft with blades mounted rotatably in the grass hopper provides material supply to the hammer rotor. The distribution of the blades on the shaft with a displacement in the axial direction ensures a uniform supply of material across the width of the hammer rotor. The implementation of the blades in the form of separate independent elements and their distribution on the shaft with an offset in the angular direction prevents mashing (jamming) of the material between the blade and the grass hopper, since two adjacent blades (two separate independent elements) form an inclined plane and move the material in two directions - axial and radial, and the two subsequent blades form an inclined plane in the opposite direction and displace the material in a different direction. Therefore, the material is not overwritten and is evenly fed to the hammer rotor. Installing a cover with an air filter on the grass hopper ensures the sealing of the grass hopper. Through an air filter, air enters the grass hopper when grinding succulent feeds and leaves when grinding grain, in this case the grass hopper acts as a storage device and precipitator of suspended particles of ground material. The installation of a removable baffle attached to the crushing chamber and having a sieve, provides high-quality grinding of roughage. When the grass hopper is positioned “under the crushing chamber” and the removable grain hopper is installed, the crushed grain material from the crushing chamber enters the grass hopper and accumulates in it. Thus, as a result of rotation, the grass bunker changes its function: from the source material store during grinding of succulent feeds - to the store of the finished product during the grinding of grain materials. A replaceable sieve installed in the grass bunker against the window of the crushing chamber ensures high-quality grain grinding and removal of the finished product together with air into the grass bunker.

 In FIG. 1 shows a front view of the crusher when grinding grain.

 In FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. one.

 In FIG. 3 shows a front view of the crusher when grinding juicy and roughage, root crops and the preparation of feed mixtures.

 In FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG. 3.

 The feed crusher includes a crushing chamber 1 with a hammer rotor 2 and a removable sieve 3. To the crushing chamber 1 is attached a removable grain hopper 4 with a metering shutter 5 and a grass hopper 6, inside which a shaft 7 with blades 8 is installed. The shaft 7 is rotatable, and the blades 8 are made in the form of separate independent elements, for example, rods, and are distributed on the shaft with displacement in the axial and angular directions. A cover 9 with an air filter 10 is mounted on the grass hopper 6. The grass hopper 6 is rotatable together with the crushing chamber in the plane of rotation of the rotor, for example, by means of sliding bearings 11. To prevent the grass hopper 6 from turning spontaneously, the latch 13 is mounted on the frame 12. Removable the grain hopper 4 by means of a flange 14 is adjacent to the window 15 of the crushing chamber 1. The same flange is made on a removable deflector 16 equipped with a sieve 17. The hammer rotor 2 is driven, for example, from electric motors the needle 18 through the belt drive 19. The drive of the shaft 7, for example, by hand through the handle 20. In the part of the crushing chamber 1 adjacent to the grass bunker, a window 21 is made against which a replaceable sieve 3 can be installed in the grass bunker.

 Crusher works as follows.

 When grinding succulent feed and root crops, the sieve 3 and the grain hopper 4 are removed. The deflector 16 with the sieve 17 is installed in place of the grain hopper 4 using the flange 14. The grass hopper 6 together with the crushing chamber 1 are rotated on bearings 11 so that the grass hopper is above the crushing the camera 1, and fixed in this position by a latch 13. The electric motor 18 rotates the hammer rotor 2 through the belt drive 19. The shaft 7 is rotated by the handle 20. The material to be crushed from the grass hopper 6 is blades 8 of the shaft 7 to the crushing window 21 Oh chamber 1. Hammer rotor 2 captures, crushes and throws material through the window 15, the sieve 17 and the deflector 16. The crusher operates in an open cycle. When the grill 9 is closed, air continuously enters the grass bin through the air filter 10.

 When preparing the feed mixtures, the components to be mixed are loaded into the grass hopper 6 and pre-mixed with the blades 8 of the shaft 7 during rotation of the handle 20. The final grinding with mixing takes place in the crushing chamber 1, the feed mixture is thrown into the window 15 and the deflector 16.

 When grinding grain materials, the grass hopper 6 is rotated so that the latter is located under the crushing chamber 1 and secured with a latch 13. In the grass hopper 6, a replaceable sieve 3 is mounted against the window 21 of the crushing chamber 1. The removable deflector is removed, and the flange 14 is installed in its place. grain hopper 4. When the hammer rotor 2 is rotated from the electric motor 18 through a belt drive 19 with the shutter 5 open, the grain from the grain hopper 4 by gravity enters the crushing chamber 1, is subjected to joint action hammers of the rotor 2, the walls of the crushing chamber 1, sieve 3. Particles of material, the sizes of which have reached the size of the holes of the replaceable sieve 3, pass through it into the grass hopper, and larger particles, being in the crushing chamber 1, are constantly crushed. The crusher operates in a closed cycle. The lid 9 with an air filter 10 seals the grass hopper, which acts as a precipitator of suspended particles of crushed material and a drive. Excess air from the grass bin leaves through the filter 10.

 The use of the proposed crusher for feed allows you to mechanize the process of grinding the main types of feed and preparation of feed mixtures in an individual farm.

Claims (3)

 1. Feed crusher comprising a crushing chamber with a hammer rotor, an adjacent grass hopper and a shaft with blades mounted rotatably in the grass hopper, characterized in that the grass hopper is provided with a lid with an air filter and is rotatable together with the crushing camera in the plane of rotation of the hammer rotor. 2. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft blades are made in the form of separate independent elements and are distributed with displacement in the axial and angular directions
3. Crusher according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for grinding juicy feed and root crops it is equipped with a removable deflector attached to the crushing chamber and having a sieve.  4. The crusher according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for grinding grain materials it is equipped with a removable grain bin attached to the crushing chamber and a removable sieve installed in the grass bin against the window of the crushing chamber.

Images