RU2106575C1 - Incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: means of fire disposal of solid waste, applicable jointly with reclamation of non-standard solid propellant. SUBSTANCE: incinerator has a casing with a loading door and air feeder, vertical incineration chamber located inside the casing in a spaced relation making up an air duct, one or several remote gas producers in the form of chambers for incineration of solid propellant that are furnished with perforated gas feeders brought out to the incineration chamber, reheat chamber with a smoke flue and cyclone connected to it. Two fire grates and an ash collector are installed in the bottom part of the incineration chamber, the integrate space forming the secondary reheat chamber communicates with the cyclone bottom part. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, and in particular to means of fire neutralization of mainly solid household waste, and can be used in conjunction with the disposal of substandard solid rocket fuel.

 Solid waste incinerator furnaces are known from the prior art, comprising a shaft combustion chamber with a feed hopper and a grate, an afterburner, an air supply system and a burner device. (see Aut. St. USSR N 383966, class F 23 G 5/00, 1975; Aut. St. USSR N 875182, class F 23 G 5/00, 1981; Aut. St. USSR N 962721, class F 23 G 7/00, 1982; Aut. St. USSR N 1089358, class F 23 G 5/00, 1984; Aut. St. USSR N 1564470, class F 23 G 5/00, 1990; RF Patent N 2005958, class F 23 G 5/00, 1994; RF Patent N 2021559, class F 23 G 5/00, 1994; RF Patent N 0168808, class F 23 B 5/04, 1985).

 The main disadvantage of the known furnaces is low productivity with their considerable bulkiness.

 There is also a known furnace for burning waste containing a vertical combustion chamber with a grate, where solid waste, afterburners and a burner are loaded, which suck in gases from the main chamber and efficiently circulate them with intensive gasification of the waste [1]. However, the burner works on a kerosene-air mixture, which is uneconomical and environmentally imperfect.

 Closest to the invention is a waste incinerator, comprising a housing with a loading hatch and an air supply nozzle, a vertical combustion chamber located with a gap relative to the housing, provided with a grate and an ash collector below, an afterburner to which a chimney is connected, and a gas-generating burner device [2 ]. In the gas-generating burner device, which is located in the central part of the combustion chamber, air and combustible liquid waste are supplied through a channel formed between the housing and the combustion chamber, which, when burned, form incandescent gases igniting solid waste loaded into the combustion chamber, which increases economic efficiency and plant performance, but to ensure the environmental cleanliness of the exhaust flue gases, their additional neutralization is required.

 The invention is aimed at increasing the productivity and efficiency of thermal disposal of solid waste and improving environmental parameters by carrying out the combustion process in conjunction with the disposal of substandard solid rocket fuel used in a gas generator burner.

 The solution to this problem is provided by the fact that in a waste incinerator containing a housing with a loading hatch and an air supply pipe, located inside the housing with a gap forming an air duct, a vertical combustion chamber equipped with a grate and an ash pan from below, an afterburner to which a chimney is connected , and a gas burner device according to the invention, the latter is made in the form of at least one remote chamber for burning solid rocket fuel with perforated azopodvodyaschimi nozzles arranged in the volume of the main combustion chamber forming a duct wall which is also perforated.

 In addition, the installation is additionally equipped with a flue gas cleaning device located on the chimney - a cyclone, and a second grate installed in the ash pan, while the inter-grate space forming the secondary afterburner is communicated with the lower part of the cyclone.

 The presence of one or more remote chambers for burning and gasification of substandard solid rocket fuel makes it possible not only to neutralize and utilize the latter, but also significantly intensifies the process of burning waste at elevated temperatures, which contributes to the destruction of toxic substances in the combustion products, which makes it possible to efficiently use the installation for burning solid waste and urban household garbage in the city without pollution.

 The achievement of the same result is additionally ensured by a cyclone mounted on the chimney, from the lower part of which solid unburned particles separated from gaseous products enter the inter-grate space to the second stage of afterburning.

 The drawing shows a General view of the installation for incineration.

 The installation comprises a housing 1 with a loading hatch 2 and an air supply pipe 3, a vertical combustion chamber 4 with perforated walls 5, which is placed inside the housing 1 with a gap forming an air duct 6, one or more remote gas generators evenly spaced around the perimeter of the housing 1 in the form of chambers 7 for burning solid rocket fuel, which are equipped with perforated gas inlet pipes 8 discharged into the combustion chamber 4, a afterburner 9, to which a chimney 10 with a cyclone 11 is connected.

 In the lower part of the combustion chamber 4, grate grates 12 and 13 are installed and an ash pan 14 is mounted, while the inter-grate space forming the secondary afterburning chamber 15 is communicated by a pipe 16 with the lower part of the cyclone 11.

 Installation for burning waste works as follows.

 Through the loading hatch 2, the combustion chamber 4 is filled with solid waste, air is supplied through the pipe 3 to the air duct 6, which through the perforated walls 5 enters the main combustion chamber 4, into the afterburner 9 and into the secondary afterburner 15.

 The substandard solid rocket fuel embedded in the chambers 7 of the gas generators is ignited from the ignition device (not shown in the drawing), and the gases that are heated to a high temperature through the perforated gas supply pipes 8 enter the combustion chamber 4 and ignite the solid waste. Due to the uniform placement of the perforated gas supply pipes 8 over the volume of the combustion chamber 4, the waste is quickly burned, while the air entering through the perforated wall 5 penetrates the waste layer, aerating it and providing complete and intense burnout. Under-oxidized combustion products enter the afterburning chamber 9, where, mixed with the air stream, they completely burn out, and the exhaust gases purified in the cyclone 11 are released into the atmosphere. In this case, the solid particles separated in the cyclone 11 are transported to the secondary afterburning chamber 15, where, together with the unburned slag residue entering through the grate 12 from the combustion chamber 4, they finally burn out and through the grate 13 fall into the ash pan 14. To ensure continuous operation of the loading unit hatch 2 and ash pan 14 can be equipped with special devices.

Claims (2)

 1. Installation for burning waste, comprising a housing with a loading hatch and an air supply pipe, located inside the housing with a gap forming an air duct, a combustion chamber made from below with a grate and an ash collector, an afterburner, a chimney and a gas-generating burner device, characterized in that gas-generating burner device is made in the form of at least one remote chamber for burning solid rocket fuel with gas-supplying perforated nozzles located in the chamber wound, the walls of which are perforated, and the afterburner is connected to the chimney.  2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a flue gas purification device located on the chimney — a cyclone, and a second grate installed in the ash pan, while the inter-grate space forming the secondary afterburner is communicated with the lower part of the cyclone.