RU2179794C2 - Apparatus for extracting deep-root medicine plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has frame, carrier wheels, U-shaped undercutting tool, lifters, rotor with husks and drive for rotor. Rotor with U-shaped undercutting tool is kinematically connected to inclined lifters through mechanism imparting vibratory motions. EFFECT: reduced power consumption and increased extent of extracting root mass from undercut root layer of soil. 6 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to technical means for the industrial procurement of medicinal plants, for example, marshmallow, elecampane high, licorice and other plants with a similar structure of root systems.

A known machine for the extraction of licorice roots, containing a frame, hinge brackets, support wheels, vertical knives, a digging ploughshare with a rod bottom, a gearbox and a drive having a cardan shaft, in which it is equipped with a rotor, a reflective shield and an additional frame that is hinged and equipped hydraulic drive of its raising and lowering and rotor rotation drive, and the rotor is mounted on an additional frame behind and below the reflecting shield so that the rotor rotation supports on the additional frame are placed between the parts, and one of the axis rotor drive gear is disposed coaxially with the hinge connecting the main frame with an additional, wherein Undermining plowshares is vertical knives at its cantilevered portions provided with additional vertical blades facing in the direction opposite to the direction of motion; the reflecting shield is made in the form of a flexible screen and arc rods; the hydraulic drive for raising and lowering the additional frame is equipped with a transport link; the rotor rotation drive is equipped with a safety clutch installed behind the gearbox (RU, patent 2116020. C1. IPC ⁶ A 01 D 25/02. Machine for the extraction of licorice roots // Kolganov AV, Borodychev VV and Saldaev A. M Declared July 10, 1997, published July 27, 1998).

 The disadvantages of the described machine include a low degree of extraction of the root mass of licorice or other medicinal plants.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed object in terms of features is a licorice root extraction machine containing a frame, supporting-copying wheels, sequentially installed working body for digging, lifting, moving and primary separation of the root-containing soil formation and working body for the secondary separation of the layer soil in which the working body for digging, lifting, moving and primary separation is made in the form of a U-shaped cutting knife, the front parts of which are equipped with with cutting edges on removable blades, on a remote part from the horizontal blade, elevators of the trimmed soil layer are placed, and the working body for the secondary separation of the soil layer is made in the form of a drive rotor with radially directed canines, and the said rotor is placed on an additional frame pivotally connected to the main frame and equipped with the ability to translate into working and transport positions, while the additional frame is equipped with screens placed in front of the rotor; the frame is made of a U-shaped form from vertical and horizontal beams; the frame is equipped with blocks of hinge brackets made with the possibility of hanging on the suspension bracket of a tractor of draft class 3, 4, 5 and 6; hitch brackets are provided with fingers of different sizes; the additional frame is made in an H-shape; it is equipped with a hydraulic actuator located between the brackets on the vertical beams of the U-shaped frame and the brackets on the lower faces of the H-shaped frame; the axis of rotation of the additional frame in the hinges of the main frame is made coaxially with the axes of the safety clutch and the main gearbox, the additional frame of the rotor is connected to the frame of the machine by a transport link, the backup wheels are equipped with screw mechanisms; the rotor screen is made in the form of curved arcs facing the consoles in the direction of rotation of the rotor fangs, and flexible links, the ends of which are oriented towards the U-shaped cutting knife; the screen from curved arcs is equipped with the ability to rotate relative to the transverse beam of the additional frame (RU, patent 2116715. C1. IPC ⁶ A 01 D 25/02. Machine for the extraction of licorice roots // Saldaev AM, Kolganov AV, Borodychev V .V. Declared July 10, 1997, published August 10, 1998).

 The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device adopted for the closest analogue include mechanical damage to the roots and a low degree of extraction of the extracted medicinal raw materials.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the yield of conditioned medicinal raw materials in industrial mechanized procurement.

 The technical result is a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in the degree of extraction of the root mass from a dug root-containing formation.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for extracting deep rhizome medicinal plants, including a frame, support wheels, U-shaped cutting working body, inclined elevators, rotor with fangs and its drive, according to the invention, a rotor with a U-shaped cutting working body kinematically connected with inclined lifts through the mechanism of oscillatory motion; the mechanism of the oscillatory movement of the inclined elevators is made in the form of a block of differently oriented eccentrics, preferably placed between the fangs with equal pitch along the length of the rotor body, each eccentric mating to the upper part of the inclined elevator by means of rolling bearings equally spaced from each other, and the said supports are mounted in blocks by means of C -shaped brackets and axles; each pair of C-shaped brackets at the locations of rolling bearings is additionally conjugated by spherical elements located between the end planes of the eccentric and the recesses on the mating faces of the C-shaped brackets; the front lower ends of the inclined lifts are placed in the guides of the U-shaped working body; each guide is formed by a visor from a portion of the bent-up trimmed material on the rear of the U-shaped working body; each inclined elevator on the upper shelf has differently inclined and differently oriented faces of the working elements.

 Due to the fact that the inclined elevators are given angular movement, which contributes to a uniform supply of the root-containing formation to the fangs of the drive rotor, the above technical result is achieved.

 The analysis of the prior art by the applicants, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that no analogue was found, characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. The proposed closest analogues made it possible to identify a set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the technical result perceived by the applicants in the claimed device set forth in the claims.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify the conformity of the claimed invention to the requirements of the inventive step, the applicants conducted an additional search for known technical solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention from the closest analogue. The results of the verification show that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for a specialist, since the known invention does not provide for known transformations. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 Figure 1 shows a device for extracting deep rhizome medicinal plants, left view.

 Figure 2 is the same plan view.

 Figure 3 - section aa in figure 2, the drive mechanism of the inclined elevator in oscillatory motion.

 In FIG. 4 - section BB in figure 2, the pairing of the front end of the inclined elevator with a U-shaped cutting working body.

 Figure 5 - section bb in figure 3, the position of one of the support rollers on the contacting surfaces of the eccentric drive in the oscillatory motion of an inclined elevator.

 In FIG. 6 is a cross section GG in FIG. 2, the position of the inclined lifts with the faces of the working elements at the top location of the extreme eccentrics on the housing of the drive rotor.

 In FIG. 7 - section DD in figure 2, the position of the inclined lifts with the faces of the working elements at the top location of the middle pair of eccentrics on the housing of the drive rotor.

 On Fig - place I in figure 1, the geometric parameters of the working elements on an inclined lift.

 Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

 A device for extracting deep-rhizome medicinal plants (see figures 1 and 2) contains a frame 1, support wheels 2 and 3, a U-shaped cutting working body 4, inclined lifts 5, 6, 7 and 8, a rotor 9 with fangs 10 and its drive unit.

 The frame 1 of the welded construction device is formed by two different-sized hollow pipes 11 and 12 and two pairs of sheets 13. On the upper pipe 11 there is an arm 14 for hanging the frame 1 by means of a finger 15 on the upper link of the mounted device of an aggregated tractor of draft class 3 or 5. On the front sections of the sheets 13 pins 16 are placed for connection with the lower longitudinal rods of the tractor hydraulic system. The fingers 15 and 16 in the brackets of the frame 1 form a connecting triangle.

 At the ends of the lower pipe 12, by means of brackets 17, the left support wheel 2, the right support wheel 3 and the U-shaped working body 4 are connected to the frame 1 with the possibility of dismantling. On the middle part of the lower pipe 12 there is a plate for mounting a bevel gear 18 provided for the rotor drive 9 with fangs 10.

 The support wheels 2 and 3 with a hard rim have an outer diameter of the sphere equal to 700 mm. The rim, disk and hub of each wheel 2 (3) are mounted on the bracket 17 through the axle shaft 17. The support wheels 2 and 3 on the frame 1 are mounted in such a way as to provide a depth of rooting of the root-containing formation with a U-shaped working body within 0.55 ... 0.60 m.

The working body 4 is made of sheet steel with a thickness of 16 ... 20 mm. The front U-shaped part of the organ 4 has a single-sided blade 20 with a sharpening angle of not more than 18 ^o . The horizontal knife 21 with the uprights 22 inclined to the direction of travel is connected by curved sections bent along an arc of a circle with a radius of more than 150 mm. This provides minimal traction resistance with a depth of undercut of the formation of 0.5 ... 0.6 m.

 The rotor 9 with fangs 10 is mounted on the frame 1 by means of a pair of self-aligning radial rolling bearings. The rotor 9 is driven by a telescopic driveshaft 23 with Hook joints at its ends, a bevel gear 18 with a gear ratio of 1: 2, a permanently closed dry disk clutch and an final drive 24 mounted in the left pair of sheets 13. The final drive 24 is represented by a drive shaft 25 with an asterisk, gear drive chain 26 and driven shaft 27 with an asterisk. The gear drive chain 26 is presented with a pitch of 19.05 and a width of 100 mm according to GOST l3552-68. The rotor 9 with a U-shaped cutting working member 4 is kinematically connected with the inclined lifts 5, 6, 7 and 8 by means of an oscillatory movement mechanism.

 The mechanism of the oscillatory movement of the inclined lifts 5-8 is made in the form of a block of misaligned eccentrics 28, preferably placed between the fangs 10 with an equal pitch along the length of the rotor body 9 (see figure 2 and 3). Each eccentric 28 is coupled to the upper part 29 of the inclined elevator 5 (6-8) by means of rolling bearings 30 equally spaced from one another. The rolling bearings 30 are mounted in blocks by means of pairs of C-shaped brackets 31 and axles 32.

 The rolling bearings 30 with a pair of C-shaped brackets 31 are connected via axles 32. On the axis 32 between the rolling bearings 31 and the inner plane of the brackets 31, adjusting rings 33 are placed. The axles 32 in the C-shaped brackets 31 are fixed by a fastening element 34.

 Each pair of C-shaped brackets 31 at the locations of the rolling bearings 30 is additionally conjugated by ball elements 35 located between the end planes of the eccentric 28 and the recesses 36 on the mating faces of the C-shaped brackets 31 (see Fig. 5).

 The front lower ends 37 of the inclined lifts 5-8 are placed in the guides 38 of the U-shaped working body 4 (see figures 1, 2 and 4). Each guide 38 is formed by a visor from a portion of the horizontal knife 21 of the U-shaped working body 4 bent upward on the back of the cut material and an abutment 39 fixed to the rear edge of the horizontal knife 21 of the U-shaped body 4.

Each inclined lift 5 (6-8) on the upper shelf 40 has differently inclined and differently oriented faces 41 and 42 of the working elements (see figures 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 8). Each face 41 (42) is given a slope to the upper face 40 of the elevator 5 (6-8). Parts of face 41 and 42 are made diagonal in the upper face 40 at angles α ₁ and α ₂ . The inclination angle β _{H of the} lower face 43 in the middle position of the eccentric 28 on the gear housing 9 is selected based on the experimental results taking into account the physicomechanical properties of the root containing formation. To increase the effectiveness of the impact of inclined lifts 5-8 on the root containing formation, faces 41 and 42 have additional inclination angles δ ₁ and δ ₂ to the side faces of lifts 5-8 (see Figs. 6-8).

 A device for extracting deep rhizome medicinal plants works as follows.

 Frame 1 by means of the fingers 15 and 16 and the rods of the hinged system is aggregated (hung) according to a three-point scheme by tractors of traction 3 (5) of a wheeled or tracked modification. Next, the frame 1 of the device of the hydraulic tractor is transferred to the transport position. The telescopic driveshaft 23 with a Hook joint is connected to the PTO of an aggregated tractor. At low revolutions of the tractor engine, check the rotation of the rotor 9 and the drive mechanism into the oscillatory movement of the inclined elevators 5-8.

In the field, on wild thickets or on plantations of medicinal plants, only one adjustment is made — the position of the horizontal knife 21 of the U-shaped working body 4. When the tractor’s PTO is on, frame 1 is moved to the working position. When the working body 4 is completely buried (the supporting wheels 2 and 3 touch the surface of the reservoir), the geometric axes of the hollow pipes 11 and 12 should be on a vertical line, i.e. strictly plumb. This position of the frame 1 provides a rear angle between the lower edge of the horizontal knife 21 relative to the bottom of the ditch within 3 ... 5 ^o .

 With the steady movement of the blade 20 of the horizontal knife 21 and the side walls 22 of the U-shaped working body 4, a root-containing formation 1.2 m wide and 0.5 ... 0.6 m high is cut along the perimeter. Due to backwater, the formation is pushed onto inclined lifts 5 -8. Different inclined faces 41 and 42, the formation simultaneously moves in the direction of the rotor 9 and is deformed in the lateral directions. Due to the pair installation of the eccentrics 28 with the upper arrangement of the latter by the extreme lifts 5 and 8, the formation bends towards the middle. When the rotor body 9 is rotated, the middle pair of eccentrics 28 protrudes above the extreme pair of eccentrics 28. This leads to the formation being exposed to bending moments directed from the middle of the formation to the edges. Along with this, the areas of faces 41 and 42 pick up the lower plane of the cut root-containing layer and move them to the side of the fangs 10 of the rotor 9. With the fangs 10 of the rotor 9, the formation is impacted from the bottom up. The roots and rhizomes of medicinal plants are separated from clods of soil and soil aggregates. The separated root mass is laid on the day surface of the treated strip. The impact of the fangs 10 of the rotor 9 and the faces 41 and 42 of the inclined elevators 5-8 contributes to the separation of the fractions, first of the soil, and then of the upper humified layer. The treated formation without extracted roots is laid in a ditch in fact in the original genetic location. The extracted root mass is removed using one of the known methods. After harvesting the medicinal raw materials, the surface of wild medicinal thickets is subjected to reclamation.

 The intensity of separation of the root-containing formation is achieved by the fact that during the rotation of the rotor body 9 the eccentrics 28 are driven. The rotation of each eccentric 28 leads to the fact that equidistant support rollers 30 run around the cylindrical surface of the eccentric. The spherical surface of the outer ring of the ball bearing of a single lubrication allows each roller 30 to freely roll along the outer cylindrical surface of the eccentric 28. This leads to the fact that the upper face of the upper case of each inclined elevator 5-8 according to a given pattern either approaches the geometric axis of rotation of the rotor 9, then moves away from it by the amount of double eccentricity "e" (see figure 3). At the same time, the lower end 40 of each inclined elevator 5-8 moves in the guide 38, resting on the emphasis 39, and makes a reciprocating movement. Inclined faces 41 and 42 of the working elements of inclined elevators 5-8, when interacting with a root-containing formation, undergo lateral loads. Stable vertical positions of the inclined elevators 5-8 on each eccentric 28 (see Figs. 3 and 5) are supported by equidistant ball elements 35 interacting with the end faces of the eccentrics 28.

 The combined effect on the root-containing layer with drive inclined lifts 5-8 and rotating fangs 10 of the rotor 9 provides complete extraction of the root mass of medicinal plants with minimal energy consumption. The uniformity of movement of the root containing layer from the horizontal knife 21 in the direction of the fangs 10 of the rotor 9 eliminates mechanical damage to the extracted raw materials.

 Thus, the above information indicates that when using the claimed invention, the totality of conditions: the claimed device is intended for use in agriculture. The proposed solution provides a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in the degree of extraction of the root mass from a dug root-containing formation.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (6)

 1. A device for extracting deep-rhizome medicinal plants, comprising a frame, support wheels, a U-shaped cutting working body, lifts, a rotor with fangs and its drive, characterized in that the rotor with a U-shaped cutting working body is kinematically connected with inclined lifts through a mechanism vibrational motion.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the mechanism of the oscillatory movement of the inclined lifts is made in the form of a block of differently oriented eccentrics, preferably located between the fangs with equal pitch along the length of the rotor body, each eccentric mating with the upper part of the inclined elevator by means equally spaced from other rolling bearings, and the said bearings are mounted in blocks by means of a pair of C-shaped brackets and axles.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that each pair of C-shaped brackets at the locations of the rolling bearings is additionally paired with ball elements located between the end planes of the eccentric and the recesses on the mating faces of the C-shaped brackets.  4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the front lower ends of the inclined lifts are placed in the guides of the U-shaped working body.  5. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that each guide is formed by a visor from a portion of the bent-up trimmed material at the rear of the U-shaped working body.  6. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that each inclined lift on the upper shelf has differently inclined and differently oriented faces of the working elements.

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