RU2168130C2 - Plant for manufacturing building parts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction materials industry; manufacturing light-mass porous ceramic parts of clay material (as wall blocks, slabs, shells). SUBSTANCE: plant has furnace for swelling up clay material whose unloading crater is mounted over hole of shaft furnace; muffle of the latter is made in the form of obelisk expanding to bottom at side of part remover with downgrade of 0.1-0.5%. Muffle is provided with directional-action vibrators and may suffer vibrations separately from furnace body. Claydite beam molded in muffle is placed in turn into molds formed by windows in rotating slab under muffle and by fixed slab. Beam part placed into mold is cut off; during revolving slab displacement part is rolled within mold by means of rollers for ramming and leveling surface. After pre-cooling the part aligned with unloading window in fixed slab is ejected from mold. EFFECT: reduced heat losses; improved efficiency of plant. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction materials industry, in particular to technological equipment for the production of light porous clay products.

 A known installation for the production of building products, including a furnace for producing expanded material, for example expanded clay, barotelite, granular foam glass and similar materials, an agglomeration bowl with a grate, a vacuum chamber located under it, connected to an air duct connected to an exhauster and a refrigerator. The expansion furnace is connected to an agglomeration bowl by a metering and distribution conveyor for supplying expanded material. The grate of the agglomeration bowl is made with the possibility of removing outside the bowl. Agglomeration bowl is installed coaxially on the form, in the lower part of which there is a power bottom and a vacuum chamber with a perforated upper wall. The power bottom and the vacuum chamber, if necessary, can be removed from the limits of the form. The installation additionally includes a press, the punch of which has the ability to reciprocate along the vertical axis inside the sinter bowl and mold, moving and compacting the processed material, shaping the product and loading them onto the conveyor transporting them to the refrigerator. (RU 3814 U1 (EVORENKO G.I.), 03.16.1997).

 A known installation for the production of porous ceramic products of continuous action in the form of a carousel. The installation contains 6 posts: 1 - the post of loading into the form of hot porous granules from the expansion furnace; 2,3,4 - posts melting the surface of expanded granules; 5 - post molding products by hot pressing; 6 - post unloading the molded product.

 The installation comprises a swelling furnace, under which there is a conveyor of a carousel type with a fixed vertical axis fixed in the center. The fixed plate has technological windows: open, closed with a grate, closed with a power plate. A rotating plate is fixed on the vertical axis, on which the nests are located, in which the forms are located. The pellet surface reflow station is equipped with thermal insulation and nozzles, the torches of which are directed to molds loaded with reflow granules.

 Under the posts for loading molds and melting the surface of the granules there are vacuum chambers connected by a collector-duct with an exhauster. The installation is equipped with presses, the punch of one of which is designed to form products, and the second punch is used to unload the molded product from the mold onto a conveyor that delivers the product to the refrigerator (RU 8098 U1 (ZVEDOV A.I. et al.), 10/16/1998).

 By technical nature, the closest to the proposed invention is a shaft furnace for the manufacture of foam glass. It includes a shaft with heaters, a charge loader, a heater cover with a heater, and a trigger mechanism. In the working zone of the furnace, the mixture is fed by a loader, which doses it and periodically pours it with a uniform layer onto the foamed layer. The successively obtained layers of foam glass form a block, which is lowered into the shaft of the furnace, where the processes of mass stabilization, annealing and rapid cooling are alternately carried out. When leaving the mine, the block is cut into slabs of a certain size. (Velev D.S. et al. "New methods for the production of foam glass in Bulgaria", "Glass and Ceramics", 1982, N 10, s.29-31).

The disadvantages of the known installations are high heat losses at the sites of pellet reflow. The difference between the initial and final temperature in the installation of the prototype is very large (about 800 ^o C), therefore, heating the processed material will be time-consuming and can only be done with low productivity of the installation.

 If expanded expanded clay granules are loaded into the prototype installation, free movement of the sintered block due to gravity will not occur due to the low density of the material over the entire shaft height.

 The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

 To solve the stated problem, the installation for the production of building products, including a shaft furnace with a heater, a batcher, a charge loader and a cutting mechanism, additionally contains a clay material expansion chamber, the discharge funnel of which is placed above the loading hole of the shaft muffle furnace, the muffle of which is made in the form of an obelisk, expanding downwards towards the unloading of the product with a slope of 0.1-0.5% and is equipped with directional vibrators and can be vibrated independently from the furnace body , a cutting mechanism is placed under the furnace muffle, a rotating plate is a conveyor with receiving windows and a fixed plate with an unloading window, which allows rolling the product located in the receiving window with rollers for ramming and leveling the surface of the product after cutting when moving it to the pre-cooling post, and pushing the product with a punch through the discharge hole in a fixed plate.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a General view of a shaft furnace in section, figure 2 schematically shows this furnace in plan, figure 3 shows a rotating plate in plan, figure 4 shows a fixed plate in plan.

 The installation comprises a swelling furnace of clay material of a known type, for example, a rotating, fluidized bed, aero-fountain and the like, the discharge funnel of which 1 is placed above the loading opening of a shaft muffle furnace, comprising a rectangular muffle 2 in the form of an obelisk expanding downward from heat-resistant heat resistant alloy. The furnace body is made of heat-insulating material 3 and is lined with sheet metal. The muffle 2 is equipped with directional vibrators 4 and is mounted on shock absorbers 5, which make it possible to vibrate autonomously from the housing 3. Under the muffle 2 are a cutting device (cutting mechanism) 6, a rotating plate 7 and a fixed plate 8. In the immediate vicinity of the muffle are electric heaters or gas burners 9 with reflective reflectors. In the rotating plate-conveyor 7 there are windows 10 - receiving, for aligning the product after cutting, stripping and unloading. In the fixed plate 8 there is an unloading window 11. For unloading the finished products, the installation is equipped with a press, the punch of which 12 is above the unloading window at the time of unloading.

 The proposed installation works as follows.

From the expansion furnace through the discharge funnel 1 expanded clay enters the muffle 2 of the shaft furnace. Under the influence of gravity, amplified by vibration from directional vibrators 4, the expanded clay retained in a pyroplastic state moves down the muffle 2, where it is subjected to additional heating until the surface melts under the influence of electric heaters or a flame of gas burners 9. In the interval between the windows 10, the expanded clay grains are compacted and glued together among themselves, forming a monolithic lightweight beam. When combining the lower discharge opening of the muffle 2 with the window 10 in the rotating plate 7, which stops in that position, the expanded clay fills the space-shape formed by the window 10, the plate 7 and the fixed plate 8. After filling the form, the beam is cut with the help of a cutting device and the plate 7 turns to a stop under the muffle of the next window. When moving to the pre-cooling station, the product in the form is rolled with rollers 13 for ramming and leveling the surface of the product after cutting. When the conveyor is rotated 90 ^{°, the} mold with the product is at the pre-cooling station, where it is subjected to air cooling to a temperature of 600-800 ^° C so that expanded clay begins to lose the pyroplastic state obtained by heat treatment. With the subsequent rotation of the conveyor, the window 10 of the rotating plate 7 is under the press punch 12 and above the window 11 in the fixed plate 8. When lowering, the punch pushes the product from the conveyor through the window 11 in the fixed plate 8 and it is sent to the refrigerator for final cooling according to the specified mode, and then to the warehouse.

Claims (1)

 Installation for the production of building products, including a shaft furnace with a heater, a batcher, a charge loader and a cutting mechanism, characterized in that it contains a clay material expansion furnace, the discharge funnel of which is placed above the loading hole of the shaft muffle furnace, the muffle of which is made in the form of an obelisk, expanding downwards towards the unloading of the product with a slope of 0.1-0.5%, and is equipped with directional vibrators and can be vibrated independently from the furnace body, p the locking mechanism, a rotating conveyor plate with receiving windows and a fixed plate with an unloading window, providing the possibility of rolling the product located in the receiving window with rollers for ramming and leveling the surface of the product after cutting when moving it to the pre-cooling post, and pushing the product through the unloading punch hole in a fixed plate.

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